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Convection 1

Convection is the spontaneous flow of single or multiphase fluids driven by material property heterogeneity and body forces, primarily density and gravity. It can occur in various states, including transient and steady-state, and is significant in natural processes such as Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Convection is distinct from advection and is characterized by the bulk movement of fluids for heat transfer.

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Irshad Ahmad
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13 views1 page

Convection 1

Convection is the spontaneous flow of single or multiphase fluids driven by material property heterogeneity and body forces, primarily density and gravity. It can occur in various states, including transient and steady-state, and is significant in natural processes such as Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Convection is distinct from advection and is characterized by the bulk movement of fluids for heat transfer.

Uploaded by

Irshad Ahmad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously through the combined effects of material property heterogeneity

and body forces on


a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy). When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal
expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow.

Thermal image of a newly lit Ghillie kettle. The plume of hot air
resulting from the convection current is visible.
Convective flow may be transient (such as when a multiphase mixture of oil and water separates) or steady state (see convection cell). The convection may be
due to gravitational, electromagnetic or fictitious body forces. Heat transfer by natural convection plays a role in the structure of Earth's atmosphere, its oceans,
and its mantle. Discrete convective cells in the atmosphere can be identified by clouds, with stronger convection resulting in thunderstorms. Natural convection
also plays a role in stellar physics. Convection is often categorised or described by the main effect causing the convective flow; for example, thermal convection.

Convection cannot take place in most solids because neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion of matter can take place. Granular convection is a similar
phenomenon in granular material instead of fluids. Advection is fluid motion created by velocity instead of thermal gradients. Convective heat transfer is the
intentional use of convection as a method for heat transfer. Convection is a process in which heat is carried from place to place by the bulk movement of a fluid
and gases.

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