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01_Introduction-Handout

The document provides an overview of structural engineering, defining it as a sub-discipline of civil engineering focused on designing and analyzing structures. It outlines key concepts such as types of loads (dead, live, wind, impact, earthquake, snow, hydrostatic, and soil pressure), building materials, structural elements (beams, columns, slabs, foundations), and types of structures (trusses, cables, frames). Additionally, it discusses the importance of supports in providing stability and strength to structures.

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STEM 11-3 Johara Panganiban
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4 views

01_Introduction-Handout

The document provides an overview of structural engineering, defining it as a sub-discipline of civil engineering focused on designing and analyzing structures. It outlines key concepts such as types of loads (dead, live, wind, impact, earthquake, snow, hydrostatic, and soil pressure), building materials, structural elements (beams, columns, slabs, foundations), and types of structures (trusses, cables, frames). Additionally, it discusses the importance of supports in providing stability and strength to structures.

Uploaded by

STEM 11-3 Johara Panganiban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

24/09/2024

STRUCTURAL THEORY
(CENG75A)

Structural Engineering

Structural Engineering – is a sub-discipline of civil


engineering in which structural engineers are trained
to design the ‘bones and muscles’ that create the
form and shape of man made structures. It also
deals with the analysis and design of the structures.

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Structure
Is defined as a system of interconnected members
assembled in a stable configuration and used to
support a load or combination of loads under
equilibrium of various external forces and internal
reactions.
A combination of members connected together in
such a way to serve a useful purpose.

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Design and Analysis


Safety
Economical
Serviceability
Codes (National Structural Code of the
Philippines) 2001, 2010, 2015
Specifications

Loadings
1. Dead Load - consist of the weights of the various
structural members and the weights of any objects that
are permanently attached to the structure.
2. Live Load - can vary both in their magnitude and
location. They may be caused by the weights of objects
temporarily placed on a structure, moving vehicles, or
natural forces.
3. Wind Load - load that varies depending on the speed of
the wind that can cause the structure to move or be
displaced.

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Loadings
4. Impact Load - load that comes from moving objects like
vehicles that causes impact to the structure and make it
displaced.
5. Earthquake Load - produce lateral loadings on a
structure through the structure’s interaction with the
ground.
6. Snow Load - load that caused by a such amount of snow
to the structure.
7. Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure - when the structure are
used to retain water, soil and granular materials.

Types of Loads

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Building Materials
Course Aggregate
Fine Aggregates

Steel

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Concrete

Rebar

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Elements of Structures
1. Beams/Girders – usually straight horizontal
members used to carry vertical loads (pointed or
horizontal loads).

Types of Beams

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2. Columns – vertical
members of the
structures that resists
axial and
comprehensive loads.

3. Slabs – are three dimensional flat structural


components usually made of reinforced concrete.

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4. Foundation -
connects the
structure to the
ground and
receives the load
of the whole
structure.

Slab Slab

Slab Slab

Column
Girder
Beam
Slab

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Types of Structures

1. Trusses – consist of slender elements usually


arranged in triangular fashion.
2. Cables and arcs – other forms of structure use
to a long span structure, cables are usually
flexible and carry their loads in tension.
3. Frames – are often used in building and are
composed of beams and columns and either pin
or fix connected.

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Types of Trusses

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Supports
Supports – is a part of a building or structure
providing the necessary stiffness and strength in
order the necessary stiffness and strength to resist
the internal and external forces or loads

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Types of supports
A. External Supports – The
supports which are usually
provided externally without
disturbing the structural
members.
1. Pinned Support or Hinge
Support – prevent vertical and
horizontal movement to the body;
supply vertical and horizontal
reaction.

2. Roller Support –
prevent vertical
movement; supply
vertical reaction.

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Pinned support Roller support

Simply supported beam

3. Fixed Support –
Translation and
rotation are generally
prevented and always
have moment.

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Fixed support Fixed support

Fixed-supported girder

Fixed support
Internal Hinge support

Frame Structure

Pinned
support Pinned
support

Internal Hinge support

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2. Internal Roller Support – are same as roller supports but


they are provided in the middle of structural member.

Arc

Internal Roller support

Pinned Pinned
support support

Internal Roller support

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