Reported Speech
Reported Speech
1. IDENTIFY
6. UPDATE
TIME SPECIFIC
WORDS
2. CHANGE OF
RV
1. When the reporting verb of direct speech is in past tense then all the present tenses are changed to the
corresponding past tense in indirect speech.
2. In indirect speech, tenses do not change if the words used within the quotes (‘’) talk of a habitual action or
universal truth.
3. The tenses of direct speech do not change if the reporting verb is in the future tense or present tense.
Change in Modals:
While changing direct speech to indirect speech, the modals used in the sentences change like:
Examples:
There are modals that do not change – could, would, should, might, ought to
Change of verbs:
Change of Pronouns:
1. The first person in direct speech changes as per the subject of the speech.
Examples-
Direct: He said, “I am in class Twelfth.”
Indirect: He says that he was in class Twelfth.
2. The second person of direct speech changes as per the object of reporting speech.
Examples –
Direct: She says to them, “You have done your work.”
Indirect: She tells them that they have done their work.
Examples –
Direct: He says, “She dances well.”
Indirect: He says that she dances well.
In direct speeches, the words that express nearness in time or place are changed to words that express distance in
indirect speech. Such as :
Examples:
Direct: He said, ‘His girlfriend came yesterday.’
Indirect: He said that his girlfriend had come the day before.
The time expression does not change if the reporting verb is in the present tense or future tense.
Examples:
Direct: He says/will say, ‘My girlfriend came yesterday.’
Indirect: He says/will say that his girlfriend had come the day before.
Examples:
Indirect: She asked whether she was coming to the prom night.
Direct: She said to her, “Are you coming to the prom night?”
Indirect: The girl said that she was happy with her result.
Direct: The girl said. “I am happy with my result.”