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Lab Report 1

The lab report investigates the speed ratio and direction of rotation for open and cross belt drives. The experiment confirmed that the open belt drive had a speed ratio of approximately 2.8, while the cross belt drive verified a 1:1 ratio, with the respective pulleys rotating in the same and opposite directions. Overall, the results aligned closely with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the effectiveness of both belt drive systems.

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Waleed Nasir
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37 views6 pages

Lab Report 1

The lab report investigates the speed ratio and direction of rotation for open and cross belt drives. The experiment confirmed that the open belt drive had a speed ratio of approximately 2.8, while the cross belt drive verified a 1:1 ratio, with the respective pulleys rotating in the same and opposite directions. Overall, the results aligned closely with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the effectiveness of both belt drive systems.

Uploaded by

Waleed Nasir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-433 Mechanisms and Mechanical Vibrations Lab

Mechanisms and Mechanical Vibrations Lab


Lab Report 01

Belt Drives

7TH SEMESTER

Submitted to: LE Zeeshan Ahsan


Session: 2021 Section: ME-13B Group: N/A

SUBMITTED BY
Name CMS Marks

SYED JAON ABBAS 375601


School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
ME-433 Mechanisms and Mechanical Vibrations Lab

Objectives:
 To verify speed ratio of open belt and cross belt drives.
 To check the direction of rotation for driving and driven pulley for open belt drive and
cross belt drive.

Apparatus:
 Basic Mechanic Integrated Laboratory

Figure 1: Basic Mechanic Integrated Laboratory

Introduction:

Belt drives are commonly used mechanical systems for transmitting power and rotary motion
between two or more rotating shafts. The system comprises a belt that passes over pulleys
attached to the shafts, enabling the transfer of motion and power efficiently. Belt drives are
widely favored in machinery due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to function
without precise shaft alignment. They are particularly useful in systems where moderate power
transmission and flexibility in shaft positioning are required.

There are two primary types of belt drives:

1. Open Belt Drive:


In an open belt drive, both the driving and driven pulleys rotate in the same direction. The
belt passes over both pulleys without crossing, ensuring that the direction of rotation is
maintained consistently.
Application: Used in cases where both shafts need to rotate in the same direction, such
as conveyor systems.
2. Cross Belt Drive:
In a cross belt drive, the belt is crossed between the pulleys, causing the driver and driven
pulleys to rotate in opposite directions.
Application: Employed when it is necessary for the two shafts to rotate in opposite
directions, such as in certain types of machines where reversing motion is required.
ME-433 Mechanisms and Mechanical Vibrations Lab

Both types of belt drives are used based on the requirements of rotation direction, speed, and
torque transmission.
ω1 θ1 N 1
= =
ω2 θ2 N 2
Where,
ω 1= angular velocity of driven pulley
ω 2= angular velocity of driver pulley
θ1= angular displacement of driven pulley
θ2= angular displacement of driver pulley
N 1= no. of rotations of driven pulley
N 2= no. of rotations of driver pulley
v 1 ω1 r 1 N 1
= = if r 1=r 2
v 2 ω2 r 2 N 2
Where,
v 1= linear velocity of driven pulley
v 2= linear velocity of driver pulley
r 1= radius of the section of driven pulley where load is applied
r 2= radius of the section of driver pulley where load is applied
ω1 d 2
=
ω2 d 1
Where,
d 2= diameter of the part of driver pulley where belt is mounted
d 1= diameter of the part of driven pulley where belt is mounted

Procedure:

1. Measuring Pulley Diameters:


o Measure the diameter of the driver pulley (on which the belt will be mounted) and
record it as d2.
o Measure the diameter of the driven pulley (on which the belt will be mounted)
and record it as d1.
o For open belt drives, measure the diameters from the rear part of the pulleys.
o For cross belt drives, measure the diameters from the front part of the pulleys.
ME-433 Mechanisms and Mechanical Vibrations Lab

2. Marking the Pulleys:


o Use a marker pen to mark both the front and rear parts of the driver and driven
pulleys. These markings will help in counting the number of revolutions during
the experiment.
3. Mounting the Belt for Open Belt Drive:
o Install the belt onto the driver and driven pulleys, ensuring the setup is in an open
belt configuration (i.e., the belt runs without crossing and both pulleys will rotate
in the same direction).
4. Testing the Open Belt Drive:
o Manually rotate the driver pulley using your hand.
o Count how many full revolutions the driven pulley completes for every single full
revolution of the driver pulley.
o Record the number of revolutions to verify the speed ratio between the driver and
driven pulleys for the open belt drive.
5. Mounting the Belt for Cross Belt Drive:
o Remove the open belt and mount the belt in a cross belt configuration (i.e., the
belt is crossed to reverse the rotation direction of the driven pulley).
6. Testing the Cross Belt Drive:
o Rotate the driver pulley manually as before.
o Observe and count the number of turns the driven pulley completes with respect
to one turn of the driver pulley.
o Record these results to verify the speed ratio for the cross belt drive.
7. Comparison and Conclusion:
o Compare the observed number of revolutions for both the open belt drive and the
cross belt drive.
o Analyze the differences in the speed ratio and direction of rotation between the
two configurations.

Results:
Open belt drive:
Diameter of driver pulley = d2 = 93.5 mm
Diameter of driven pulley = d1 = 32.1 mm
When
No. of turns of driver pulley= N2 = 1
The number of turns on driven pulley = N1 = 2.8
As we know that speed ratio
v 1 ω1 N 1 d 2
= = =
v 2 ω2 N 2 d 1
ME-433 Mechanisms and Mechanical Vibrations Lab

So, using the relation


ω1 N 1
=
ω2 N 2
ω1 2.8
=
ω2 1
Also using the relation
ω1 d 2
=
ω2 d 1
ω1 93.5
=
ω2 32.1
ω1 2.91
=
ω2 1

OBJECTIVE 2:
Direction of driver pulley= clockwise
Direction of driven pulley = clockwise

Cross belt drive:


Diameter of driver pulley = d2 = 40.6 mm
Diameter of driven pulley = d1 = 40.6 mm
When
No. of turns of driver pulley= N2 = 1
The number of turns on driven pulley = N1 = 1
As we know that speed ratio
v 1 ω1 N 1 d 2
= = =
v 2 ω2 N 2 d 1
So, using the relation
ω1 N 1
=
ω2 N 2
ME-433 Mechanisms and Mechanical Vibrations Lab

ω1 1
=
ω2 1
Also using the relation
ω1 d 2
=
ω2 d 1
ω1 40.6
=
ω2 40.6
ω1 1
=
ω2 1

OBJECTIVE 2:
Direction of driver pulley= clockwise
Direction of driven pulley = anticlockwise

Discussion:

In the experiment, the speed ratio and direction of rotation for both open and cross belt drives
were tested and compared.

For the open belt drive, the speed ratio was nearly verified, with the observed ratio of turns
being 2.8 and the diameter ratio 2.9 . The slight discrepancy is likely due to factors such as belt
slippage, stretching, or pulley wear. As expected, the driver and driven pulleys rotated in the
same direction.

For the cross belt drive, the speed ratio was fully verified, with equal pulley diameters and
turns. The driver and driven pulleys rotated in opposite directions, consistent with standard
expectations.

In both cases, the experimental results closely matched theoretical predictions, with minor
deviations explained by mechanical factors.

Conclusion:

The experiment successfully verified the speed ratio and direction of rotation for both open and
cross belt drives. For the open belt drive, the speed ratio was nearly matched, with minor
discrepancies due to belt slippage or wear. The driver and driven pulleys rotated in the same
direction as expected. For the cross belt drive, the speed ratio was fully verified, and the pulleys
rotated in opposite directions as predicted. Overall, the results aligned well with theoretical
expectations, confirming the effectiveness of both belt drive systems.

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