DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

SEMESTER-I

24ESC122

PYTHON PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL

PREPARED BY,

Mrs.S.Keerthipriya AP/CT
EXPERIMENTS:

1. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical problems, and developing

flow charts for the same. (Electricity Billing, Retail shop billing, Sin series, weight of a

motorbike, Weight of a steel bar, compute Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit, etc.)

2. Python programming using simple statements and expressions (exchange the values of two

variables, circulate the values of n variables, distance between two points).

3. Scientific problems using Conditionals and Iterative loops. (Number series, Number Patterns,

pyramid pattern)

4. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Lists, Tuples. (Items present in a

library/Components of a car/ Materials required for construction of a building –operations of

list & tuples)

5. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Sets, Dictionaries. (Language,

components of an automobile, Elements of a civil structure, etc.- operations of Sets &

Dictionaries)

6. Implementing programs using Functions. (Factorial, largest number in a list, area of shape)

7. Implementing programs using Strings. (reverse, palindrome, character count, replacing

characters)

8. Implementing programs using written modules and Python Standard Libraries (pandas,

numpy. Matplotlib, scipy)

9. Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling. (copy from one file to

another, word count, longest word)

10. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception handling. (divide by zero

error, voter’s age validity, student mark range validation)

11. Exploring Pygame tool.

12. Developing a game activity using Pygame like bouncing ball, car race etc.
EX. NO:1a Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Electricity Billing
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for electricity billing.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Read the previous unit and current unit.
Step 3: Calculate the used units by subtracting the current unit and previous unit.
Step4: Calculate the Electricity bill from the used units.
Step 5: Print the amount of electricity
bill. Step6: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ Previous unit,Current Unit

CALCULATE Used Unit = Current Unit – Previous
Unit ElectricityBill=Used Unit x 2
PRINT ElectricityBill
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:
Thus, the flowchart for the electricity billing is developed.
EX. NO:1b. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Retail Shop Billing
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for the retail shop billing.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Read the barcode of the product.
Step3: Display the product name and the amount.
Step 4: Check if more products is available, if available go to Step 2, otherwise go to Step 5.
Step5: Calculate the total cost of the products.
Step6: Print total cost.
Step7: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

IF more products available THEN

READ bar code
DISPLAY Product name, amount

ELSE
CALCULATE Total Cost
PRINT Total Cost
ENDIF
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:
Thus, the flowchart for retail shop billing is developed.
 EX. NO:1c. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Sin Series
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for the Sine Series.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start
Step2: Read x and
n.
Step3: Print x and n.
Step 4: Convert x values into radian using formula x = x *
3.1412/180. Step5: Substitute t=x and sum=x.
Step 6: Set the for loop for doing the calculation as initialize i to 1 and check i is less thann+1and increment i
by 1.
Step 7: Calculate t=(t*pow(-1),(2*i-1))*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1).
Step8: Calculate sum = sum + t.
Step9: Print sum.
Step10: Stop

PSEUDOCODE:

READ x, n
PRINT x, n
CONVERT x =x * 3.1412/180
SUBSTITUTE t=x, sum=x
FORi=1; i<n+1;i++
t= (t*pow (-1), (2*i-1))*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1).
sum = sum + t
END FOR
PRINT sum
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:
Thus, the flowchart for the sine series is developed.
 EX. NO:1d Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Weight of a Motorbike
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for finding the weight of a motor bike.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Read the size of the motor bile in cc.
Step3:Check whether the size of the motor bike is less than or equal to 300 cc, if so, Print Average weight is 350
pounds otherwise go to step 4.
Step4: Check whether the size of the motor bike is less than or equal to 500 cc, if so, Print Average weight is 410
pounds otherwise go to step 5.
Step5: Check whether the size of the motor bike is less than or equal to 900cc, if so, Print Average weight is 430
pounds otherwise go to step 6.
Step6:Check whether the size of the motor bike is equal to 1100 cc, if so, Print Average weight is 500 pounds
otherwise go to step 7.
Step 7: Print Average weight is 600 pounds.
Step 8: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ size in cc
IF size<=300 THEN
PRINT Average weight = 350 pounds
ELSEIF size <=500 THEN
PRINT Average weight = 410 pounds
ELSEIF size <=900 THEN
PRINT Average weight = 430 pounds
ELSEIF size =1100 THEN
PRINT Average weight=500pounds
ELSE
PRINT Average weight=600pounds
ENDIF
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:

Thus, the flowchart for finding the weight of the motor bike is developed.
 EX. NO:1e Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Weight of a steel bar
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for finding weight of a steel bar.

ALGORITHM:

Step1:Start.
Step2:Read the diameter in mm and length of the steel bar.
Step3:Check whether the length is in meter if so, calculate weight as diameter x diameter x length and divide it by
162, otherwise go to step4.
Step 4: calculate weight as diameter x diameter x length and divide it by 533.
Step5: Print the weight.
Step6: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ diameter, length

IF length in meter, THEN
Weight=diameter*diameter*length/162
ELSE
Weight=diameter*diameter*length/533
ENDIF
PRINT Weight
 FLOWCHART:

RESULT:

Thus, the flowchart for finding the weight of a steel bar is developed.
EX. NO:1f Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Compute Electrical Current
DATE: in Three Phase AC Circuit

AIM:

To develop a flowchart to compute electrical current in three phase AC circuit.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Get the value of voltage, resistance, current and power factor.
Step3: Compute the electric current by multiplying voltage, resistance, current and power factor with 3.
Step 4: Print the calculated electric current.
Step5: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ voltage, resistance, current and power factor

COMPUTE Electric Current = 3 x voltage x resistance x current x power factor
PRINT Electric Current
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:

Thus, the flowchart for computing the electric current in three phase AC circuit is developed.
EX. NO:2a Python programming exchange the values of two variables using simple
statements and expressions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to exchange the value of two variables.

ALGORITHM:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP2: Enter two variables and assign value for it(x, y)
STEP3: simply exchange the variables(y, x) and assign it to variables(x, y)
STEP 4: print ‘x’ value
STEP5: print ‘y’ value
STEP6: End the program

PROGRAM:
x=5
y = 10
x, y = y, x
print("x =", x)
print("y =", y)

OUTPUT:
x = 10
y=5

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to exchange the value of two variables was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:2b Python programming circulate the values of n variables using simple
statements and expressions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to circulate the values of n variables.

ALGORITHM:
STEP1: Start the program
STEP2: Read the total number of
values STEP3: Enter the values
STEP4: Append the value in the list1
STEP5: Print the list1 of elements
STEP6: check the range of values and pop the first element from the list1 and append it at the last in the
list1
STEP7: Continue until range (0 to 3)
exit. STEP8: End the program.

PROGRAM:
no_of_terms = int(input("Enter number of
values:")) list1 = []
for val in
range(0,no_of_terms,1):
ele=int(input("Enter integer:"))
list1.append(ele)
print("Circulating the elements of
list",list1) for val in
range(0,no_of_terms,1):
ele =
list1.pop(0)
list1.append(ele)
print(list1)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to circulate the values of n variables was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:2c Python programming distance between two points using simple
statements and expressions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to find the distance between two points.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Import math library
STEP 3: Take a two points as an input from an user.
STEP 4: Calculate the difference between the corresponding X-coordinates i.e.:X2 - X1 and Y coordinates
i.e.:Y2 - Y1of two points.
STEP 5: Apply the formula derived from Pythagorean
Theorem i.e.: sqrt ((X2 - X1) ^2 + (Y2 - Y1) ^2)
STEP 6 : End the program

PROGRAM:
import math
p1=[4, 0]
p2=[6, 6]
distance=math.sqrt(((p1[0]-p2[0])**2)+((p1[1]-p2[1])**2))
print(distance)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the Python Program to find the distance between two points was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:3a
Scientific problems Number series using Conditionals and Iterative loops
DATE:

AIM

To write a python program to print number series.

ALGORITHM

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Initialize the values of a and b

STEP3: Read the number of terms in the sequence;

n STEP4: Print value of a, b

STEP5: add the values of a, b and store in c

STEP6: Print the values of a, b and assign value of b, c into a, b

STEP7: Repeat the step5 & 6 for n-2 times.

PROGRAM:
a=0
b=1
n=int(input("Enter the number of terms in the sequence:"))
print(a,b,end="")
while(n-2):
c=a+b
a,b=b,c
print(c,end="")
n=n-1

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print number series was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:3b Scientific problems number patterns using Conditionals and Iterative
loops.
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to print number pattern.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start

STEP2: Range (10) –Range function takes values from 0 to 9

STEP3: str (i) prints string version of i .(i.e i value)

STEP4: Using for loop print str (i) values i times in every iteration

PROGRAM:

for i in range(10):
print(str(i)*i)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print number pattern was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:3c Scientific problems pyramid pattern of a star using Conditionals and
Iterative loops
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to print Pyramid pattern of a star.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: First, we get the height of the pyramid rows from the user.

STEP2: In the first loop, we iterate from i = 0 to i = rows.

STEP3: The second loop runs from j = 0 to i + 1.

STEP4: In each iteration of this loop, we print i + 1 number of * without a new line.
STEP5: Here, the row number gives the number of * required to be printed on that row.
STEP6: Once the inner loop ends, we print new line and start printing * in a new line.

PROGRAM:
def triangle(n):
k=n-1
for i in range(0, n):
for j in range(0, k):
print(end=" ")
k=k-1
for j in range(0, i+1):
print("* ", end="")
print("\r")
n=5
triangle(n)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print Pyramid pattern of a star was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:3d Scientific problems pyramid pattern of a number using Conditionals and
Iterative loops
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to print Pyramid pattern of a number.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: First, we get the height of the pyramid rows from the user.

STEP2: In the first loop, we iterate from i = 0 to i = rows.

STEP3: In the second loop, we print numbers starting from 1 to j, where j ranges from 0 to i.

STEP4: After each iteration of the first loop, we print a new line.

PROGRAM:
rows = int(input("Enter number of rows:"))
k=0
count=0
count1=0
for i in range(1,rows+1):
for space in range(1, (rows-i)+1):
print(" ",end=" ")
count+=1
while k!=((2*i)-1):
if count<=rows-1:
print(i+k,end=" ")
count+=1
else:
count1+=1
print(i+k-(2*count1),end=" ")
k+= 1
count1=count=k=0
print()

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the python program to print Pyramid pattern of a number was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:4.a.(i) Implementing real-time/technical applications Items present in a
Libraryusing Lists
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement items present in a Library using List.

ALGORITHM:
Step1:Start the program
Step2:Assign list of library materials
Step3Perform all the list operation
Step4:Print the result
Step5:End the program

PROGRAM:
librarycomp=['books', 'newspaper', 'computer', 'magazine',
'journals'] print(librarycomp)
print(librarycomp[0])
print(librarycomp[1])
print(librarycomp.index('computer'))
print(len(librarycomp))
librarycomp.append('projects')
print(librarycomp)
librarycomp.insert(2,'newsletter')
print(librarycomp)
librarycomp.remove('projects')
print(librarycomp)
librarycomp.pop(2)
print(librarycomp)
librarycomp[2]='library attendance'
print(librarycomp)
librarycomp.sort()
print("After sorting: ",librarycomp)
librarycomp.reverse()
print("Reversed list: ", librarycomp)
New = librarycomp[:]
print(New)
x = slice(2)
print(librarycomp[x])
test_list1 = ['books', 'newspaper', 'computer', 'magazine',
'journals'] test_list2 = ['project','newsletter']
for i in test_list2 :
test_list1.append(i)
print("Concatenated list using naive method : ", str(test_list1))
OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the Python program to implement items present in a Library using List was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:4.a.(ii) Implementing real-time/technical applications Items present in a
Libraryusing Tuples
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement items present in a Library using Tuples.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Assign list of library materials
Step3: Perform all the list operation
Step4: Print the result
Step5: End the program

PROGRAM:

libcomp=('books', 'newspaper', 'computer', 'magazine',

'journals') print('Our tuple is:',libcomp)
print('Item in the first position is: ',libcomp[0])
print('Item in the 5th position is: ',libcomp[4])
indexOfcomputer=libcomp.index('computer')
print('Index of computer is: ', indexOfcomputer)
Tuplelength=len(libcomp)
print('Length of the libcomp tuple is:
',Tuplelength) for item in libcomp:
print(item)
print(libcomp*2)
print(libcomp[1:4])
if "journal" in libcomp:
print("journals is available in the libcomp tuple")
else:
print("journals is not available in the libcomp tuple")

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement items present in a Library using Tuples was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:4.b.(i) Implementing real-time/technical applications Components of a car using
Lists
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement components of a car using List

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Assign list of car parts
Step3: Perform all the list operation
Step4: Print the result
Step5: End the program

PROGRAM:
carparts =['Engine', 'Transmission', 'Wheel', 'Gear', 'Brake', 'Battery']
print(carparts)
print(carparts[0])
print(carparts[1])
print(carparts.index('Wheel'))
print(len(carparts))
carparts.append('Headlights')
print(carparts)
carparts.insert(2,'Radiator')
print(carparts)
carparts.remove('Headlights')
print(carparts)
carparts.pop(2)
print(carparts)
carparts[2]='Tyre'
print(carparts)
carparts.sort()
print("After sorting: ",carparts)
carparts.reverse()
print("Reversed list: ", carparts)
New = carparts[:]
print(New)
x = slice(2)
print(carparts[x])
test_list1 = [1, 4, 5, 6, 5]
test_list2 = [3, 5, 7, 2, 5]
for i in test_list2 :
test_list1.append(i)
print("Concatenated list using naive method : ", str(test_list1))
OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the python program to implement components of a car using List was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:4.b.(ii) Implementing real-time/technical applications Components of a car using
Tuples
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement components of a car using Tuples.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Assign list of car parts
Step3: Perform all the Tuples operation
Step4: Print the result
Step5: End the program

PROGRAM:
carparts=('Engine', 'Transmission', 'Wheel', 'Gear', 'Brake', 'Battery')
print('Our tuple is: ',carparts)
print('Item in the first position is:
',carparts[0]) print('Item in the 5th position is:
',carparts[4])
indexOfWheel=carparts.index('Wheel')
print('Index of Wheel is: ', indexOfWheel)
lengthcarpartsTuple = len(carparts)
print('Length of the carparts tuple is:
',lengthcarpartsTuple) for item in carparts:
print(item)
print(carparts*2)
print(carparts[1:4])
if "Brake" in carparts:
print("Brake is available in the carparts
tuple") else:
print("Brake is not available in the carparts tuple")

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement components of a car using Tuples was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:4.c.(i) Implementing real-time/technical applications Materials required for
construction of a building using Lists
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement materials required for construction of a building using List.

ALGORITHM:
Step1:Start the program
Step2:Assign list of building materials
Step3Perform all the list operation
Step4:Print the result
Step5:End the program

PROGRAM
buildingconstructions=['bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'gravels', 'steel']
print(buildingconstructions)
print(buildingconstructions[0])
print(buildingconstructions[1])
print(buildingconstructions.index('sand'))
print(len(buildingconstructions))
buildingconstructions.append('wood')
print(buildingconstructions)
buildingconstructions.insert(2,'marbles')
print(buildingconstructions)
buildingconstructions.remove('wood')
print(buildingconstructions)
buildingconstructions.pop(2)
print(buildingconstructions)
buildingconstructions[2]='tiles'
print(buildingconstructions)
buildingconstructions.sort()
print("After sorting: ",buildingconstructions)
buildingconstructions.reverse()
print("Reversed list: ", buildingconstructions)
New = buildingconstructions[:]
print(New)
x = slice(2)
print(buildingconstructions[x])
test_list1 = ['bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'gravels', 'steel']
test_list2 = ['sand','wood','marbles','tiles']
fori in test_list2 :
test_list1.append(i)
print("Concatenated list using naive method : ", str(test_list1))
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement materials required for construction of a building using List was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:4.c.(ii) Implementing real-time/technical applications Materials required for
construction of a building using Tuples
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement materials required for construction of a building using Tuples.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Assign list of building materials
Step3: Perform all the list operation
Step4: Print the result
Step5: End the program

PROGRAM:
buildingconstruction=('bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'gravels', 'steel')
print('Our tuple is:',buildingconstruction)
print('Item in the first position is: ',buildingconstruction[0])
print('Item in the 5th position is: ',buildingconstruction[4])
indexOfwater=buildingconstruction.index('water')
print('Index of water is: ', indexOfwater)
Tuplelength=len(buildingconstruction)
print('Length of the buildingconstruction tuple is: ',Tuplelength)
for item in buildingconstruction:
print(item)
print(buildingconstruction*2)
print(buildingconstruction[1:4])
if "brick" in
buildingconstruction:
print("bricks is available in the buildingconstruction tuple")
else:
print("bricks is not available in the buildingconstruction tuple")

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement materials required for construction of a building using Tuples was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.a.(i)
Implementing real-time/technical applications Language using Sets
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement language using set.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the languages.
Step3: Perform all the set
operation. Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the program.

PROGRAM:
language1={'C','C++','JAVA'}
language2={'VB','PYTHON','ORACLE','JAVA'}
print(language1)
print(language2)
language1.add('SQL')
print(language1)
language1.remove('SQL')
print(language1)
print(language1 | language2)
print(language2.union(language1))
print(language1 & language2)
print(language1.intersection(language2))
print(language1 -language2)
print(language2.difference(language1))
print(language1 ^ language2)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement language using set was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.a.(ii) Implementing real-time/technical applications Language usingDictionaries
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to implement language using dictionaries.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start the program.

Step2: Assign the languages.
Step3: Perform all the dictionary
operation. Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the program.

PROGRAM:

language={"C":5, "C++":3, "ORACLE":9, "PYTHON":7}

print(language)
x=
language.copy()
print(x)
x = language.get("PYTHON")
print(x)
x=
language.items()
print(x)
language.update({"JAVA":5})
print(language)
x = language.pop("C")
print(x)
print(language)
x = language.setdefault ("C++", 5)
print(x)
print(language)
x = language.values()
print(x)
y=5
thisdict = dict.fromkeys(language, y)
print(thisdict)
x = language.keys()
print(x)
language.clear()
print (language)
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement language using dictionaries was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.b.(i) Implementing real-time/technical applications components of an
DATE: automobile using Sets

AIM:
To write a python program to implement components of an automobile using set.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the components of
automobile. Step3: Perform all the set
operation.
Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the
program.

PROGRAM:
components1={'Engine','Chassis','Transmission'}
components2={'Steering','Tire','Engine'}
print(components1)
print(components2)
components1.add('Gearbox')
print(components1)
components1.remove('Gearbox')
print(components1)
print(components1 | components2)
print(components2.union(components1))
print(components1 & components2)
print(components1.intersection(components2))
print(components1 - components2)
print(components2.difference(components1))
print(components1 ^ components2)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement components of an automobile using set was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:5.b.(ii) Implementing real-time/technical applications components of an
DATE: automobile using Dictionaries

AIM:
To write a python program to implement components of an automobile using dictionaries.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the components of
automobile. Step3: Perform all the dictionary
operation. Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the program.

PROGRAM:
components = {"Break": 2,"Tire": 4,"Steering":
1} print(components)
x=
components.copy()
print(x)
x = components.get("Tire")
print(x)
x = components.items()
print(x)
components.update({"color": "White"})
print(components)
x = components.pop("Break")
print(x)
print(components)
x = components.setdefault("Break", "Tire")
print(x)
print(components)
x = components.values()
print(x)
y=1
thisdict = dict.fromkeys(components, y)
print(thisdict)
x = components.keys()
print(x)
components.clear()
print(components)
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement components of an automobile using dictionary was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.c.(i) Implementing real-time/technical applications Elements of a civil
structure using Sets
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement elements of a civil structure using sets.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the elements of a civil structure.
Step3: Perform all the set operation.
Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the
program.

PROGRAM:
elements1={'columns','roof', 'stair','floors'}
elements2={'foundation','floors','walls'}
print(elements1)
print(elements2)
elements1.add('beams')
print(elements1)
elements1.remove('beams')
print(elements1)
print(elements1 | elements2)
print(elements2.union(elements1))
print(elements1 & elements2)
print(elements1.intersection(elements2))
print(elements1 - elements2)
print(elements2.difference(elements1))
print(elements1 ^ elements2)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement elements of a civil structure using sets was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.c.(ii) Implementing real-time/technical applications Elements of a civil
structure using Dictionaries.
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement elements of a civil structure using dictionary.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the elements of a civil structure.
Step3: Perform all the dictionary operation.
Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the
program.

PROGRAM:
elements = {"foundation":14, "floors":3, "walls":19,
"beams":7} print(elements)
x = elements.copy()
print(x)
x = elements.get("beams")
print(x)
x = elements.items()
print(x)
elements.update({"roof":5})
print(elements)
x = elements.pop("foundation")
print(x)
print(elements)
x = elements.setdefault ("foundation", 5)
print(x)
print(elements)
x=
elements.values()
print(x)
y=5
thisdict = dict.fromkeys(elements, y)
print(thisdict)
x = elements.keys()
print(x)
elements.clear()
print(elements)
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement elements of a civil structure using dictionary was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:6.a
Implementing Factorial of given number programs using Functions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to find factorial of a given number using function.

ALGORITHM:
STEP1: Start the program
STEP2: Define a function name factorial ()
STEP3: Assign or Get the value of n from the
user. STEP3: Return 1 if n==1 or 0(since 1! &0! is
1) STEP4: Else compute n * factorial (n - 1)
STEP5: Print the factorial value for a given
number STEP6: End the program

PROGRAM:
def factorial(n):
return 1 if(n==1 or n==0) else n *factorial(n - 1);
num = 5;
print("Factorial of",num,"is",
factorial(num))

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find factorial of a given number using function was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:6.b.
Implementing two Largest numbers in a list programs using Functions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to find two largest numbers in a list using functions.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Take a list of
values
Step3: using max () function finds first largest number
Step4: using remove () function remove first largest largest
function Step5: Again using max () function finds second largest
number Step6: print the two largest number
Step7: End the program

PROGRAM:
integers = [1, 16, 3, 39, 26, 4, 8, 16]
copy_of_integers = integers[:]
largest_integer = max(copy_of_integers)
copy_of_integers.remove(largest_integer)
second_largest_integer = max(copy_of_integers)
print(largest_integer)
print(second_largest_integer)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find two largest numbers in a list using functions was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:6.c.
Implementing Area of shape programs using Functions
DATE:
AIM:
To write a Python Program to find area of shape using functions.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Define a function name area calculator

() STEP3: Assign area and Pie value

STEP4: Enter the shape you want to

calculate STEP5: print the area of the shape

STEP6: If shape is not found, print select a valid

shape STEP7: End the program

PROGRAM:
def area calculator():
_input_ = input("Enter the shape you want to calculate area of: ")
area = 0
pie = 3.14
if _input_ == "Square":
side = int(input("Enter the value of side:
")) area = area + (side ** 2)
elif _input_ == "Circle":
radius = int(input("Enter the value of radius:
")) area = area + (2 * pie * radius)
elif _input_ == "Rectangle":
length = int(input("Enter the value of length:
")) width = int(input("Enter the value of length:
")) area = area + (length * width)
elif _input_ == "Triangle":
base = int(input("Enter the value of base: "))
height = int(input("Enter the value of height: "))
area = area +(0.5 * base * height)
else:
print ("Select a valid
shape") print ("%.2f" % area)
areacalculator()
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find area of shape using functions was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:7.a.
Implementing Reverse string programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:

To write a Python Program to reverse a string.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1:Start the program

STEP2:Define a function name myfunction ()

STEP3: Enter text to reverse

STEP4: Reverse the string using slice statement [::-1]

STEP5: Print the reversed string

STEP6: End the program

PROGRAM:
def my_function(x):
return x[::-1]
mytxt = my_function("I wonder how this text looks like
backwards") print(mytxt)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to reverse a string was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:7.b.
Implementing Palindrome programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:

To write a Python Program to find palindrome for the given string.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Get the string from the user

STEP3: Check given string is equal to slice statement

STEP4: Print string is palindrome or else not

palindrome STEP5: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
string=input(("Enter a
string:")) if(string==string[::-
1]):
print("The string is a
palindrome") print(string[::-1])
else:
print("Not a
palindrome") print(string[::-
1])

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find palindrome for the given string was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:7.c.
Implementing Character Count programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to count the given character.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Assign the sentence to the variable

STEP3: Get the character from the user

STEP4: count the character using count ()

STEP5: print the number of occurrences of

character STEP6: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
message = 'python is popular programming language'
print('Number of occurrence of p:',
message.count('p'))

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to count the given character was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:7.d.
Implementing Replacing Characters programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:

To write a Python Program to replace the character.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Get a string from the

user

STEP3: Get a replace character from the user and replace the character using replace ()

STEP4: print the string

STEP5: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
a_string = "aba"
a_string = a_string.replace("a", "b")
print(a_string)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to replace the character was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:8.a. Implementing Pandas programs using written modules and Python
Standard Libraries
DATE:

AIM:

To implement pandas using written modules and Python Standard Libraries

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: import pandas library

STEP3: create alias for pandas

STEP4: create a simple pandas series from a

list STEP5: store the series in variable

STEP6: print the series using variable

STEP7: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
import pandas as pd
S = pd.Series([11, 28, 72, 3, 5, 8])
print(S)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus implemented pandas using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and executed
successfully.
EX. NO:8.b. Implementing Numpy programs using written modules and Python
Standard Libraries
DATE:

AIM:
To implement Numpy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STE2: Import numpy library

STEP3: create alias for numpy

STEP4: create an array of list

STEP5: Print the array

STEP6: print the shape of array

STEP7: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8], [9,10,11,12]])
print(a)
#Slicing in array
print(a.shape)
b = a[1:, 2:]
print(b)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus implemented Numpy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:8.c. Implementing Matplotlib programs using written modules and Python
Standard Libraries.
DATE:

AIM:

To implement matplotlib using written modules and Python Standard Libraries

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Install Matplotlib

STEP2: Import pyplot and create alias for it.

STEP3: Define the x-axis and corresponding y-axis values as lists.

STEP4: Plot and name them using plt.xlabel () and plt.ylabel () functions

STEP5: Give a title to your plot using .title () function.

STEP6: Finally, to view your plot using show () function.

PROGRAM:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt plt.bar([0.25,1.25,2.25,3.25,4.25],
[50,40,70,80,20],
label="BMW",color='r',width=.1) plt.bar([.75,1.75,2.75,3.75,4.75],
[80,20,20,50,60],
label="Audi", color='b',width=.5)
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Days')
plt.ylabel('Distance(kms)')
plt.title('Information')
plt.show()

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus implemented matplotlib using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:8.d. Implementing Scipy programs using written modules and Python Standard
Libraries
DATE:

AIM:
To implement Scipy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Install Scipy library and import special function

STEP2: using special function calculate exponential, sin and cos values

STEP3: Print the values

PROGRAM:
from scipy import special
a = special.exp10(3)
print(a)
b = special.exp2(3)
print(b)
c=
special.sindg(90)
print(c)
d = special.cosdg(45)
print(d)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus implemented Scipy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:9.a. Implementing real-time/technical applications to copy from one file to
another using File Handling
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to copy from one file to another using file handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Open first.txt in read mode and read the contents of first.txt.
Step 3: Open second.txt in append mode and append the content of first.txt into
second.txt. Step 4: Stop

PROGRAM:

with open('first.txt','r') as firstfile, open('second.txt','a') as secondfile:

for line in firstfile:
secondfile.write(line)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to copy from one file to another using file handling was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:9.b. Implementing real-time/technical applications for word count using File
Handling
DATE:

AIM :

To write a python program to count the words in a file using file handling.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Open the file in read mode and handle it in text mode.
Step 3: Read the text using read() function.
Step 4: Split the text using space separator.
Step 5: Refine the count by validating the words after splitting.
Step 6: Print the number of words in the text file.
Step 7: Stop

PROGRAM:

file = open("first.txt", "rt")

data = file.read()
words = data.split()
print('Number of words in text file :', len(words))

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to count the words in a file using file handling was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:9.c. Implementing real-time/technical applications for longest word using File
Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to find the longest word in a file using file handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the file which contains the text
Step 3: Open the file in the read mode
Step 4: Read and split the words in the
file Step 5: calculate the length of the
words
Step 6: compare the length of the words and return the longest word.
Step 7: Stop

PROGRAM:

def longest_word(filename):
with open(filename, 'r') as infile:
words = infile.read().split()
max_len = len(max(words, key=len))
return [word for word in words if len(word) == max_len]
print(longest_word('first.txt'))

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to find the longest word in a file using file handling was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:10.a. Implementing real-time/technical applications for Divide by Zero Error
using Exception Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to demonstrate the divide by zero error using Exception Handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Get inputs from the user, two numbers.
Step 3: If the entered data is not integer, throw an exception.
Step 4: If the remainder is 0, throw divide by zero
exception. Step 5: If no exception is there, return the result.
Step 6: Stop

PROGRAM:

try:
num1 = int(input("Enter First Number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter Second Number:
")) result = num1 / num2
print(result)
except ValueError as e:
print("Invalid Input Please Input Integer...")
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(e)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to demonstrate the divide by zero error using Exception Handling was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:10.b. Implementing real-time/technical applications for voter’s age validity using
Exception Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to validate voter’s age using Exception Handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Get the age as input
Step 3: If the entered value is a value apart from number, throw an exception
Step 4: If the value is less than zero, print an error message.
Step 5: If the value is number, check whether the number is greater than or equal to 18.
Step 6: If the age is 18, print able to vote else print not able to vote
Step 7: Stop

PROGRAM:

while True:
try:
age = int(input("Please enter your age:
")) except ValueError:
print("Sorry, I didn't understand
that.") continue
if age < 0:
print("Sorry, your response must not be
negative.") continue
else:
break
if age >= 18:
print("You are eligible to
vote!") else:
print("You are not eligible to vote.")

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to validate voter’s age using Exception Handling was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:10.c. Implementing real-time/technical applications for student mark range
validation using Exception Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to validate the student mark range using Exception Handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the mark
Step 3: Check whether the marks is less than zero and greater than 100 and print the result
Step 4: Stop

PROGRAM:

while True:
studentmark = int(input("Enter the student Mark:
")) if studentmark< 0 or studentmark> 100:
print("The student Mark value is out of range, try
again.") else:
print("The student Mark entered is
Valid.") break

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to validate the student mark range using Exception Handling was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:11 Exploring Pygame tool
DATE:

AIM:

To explore Pygame tool.

PYGAME:
Pygame is a set of Python modules designed to make games. It uses SDL which is a cross platform library
that abstracts the multimedia components of a computer as audio and video and allows an easier development of
programs that uses these resources.

INSTALLATION:
Before starting the installation process, you must have python installed at your system. The pygame
installation itself can be different from an OS.
pip install pygame

HELLO WORLD:
As usual, when learning something new in programming we start as small as possible to check it everything
is working properly before proceeding with the studies.
To make that let’s create a file called hello.py with the following content:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -

*- import time
import pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([640, 480])
pygame.display.set_caption('Hello World')
screen.fill([0, 0, 0])
pygame.display.flip()
time.sleep(5)

Then just need to run it. So, the result will be this:
The first three lines are common to the most programs written in python. At the first line, we define the file
encoding used by the python interpreter which was utf-8. This line is most common at codes written in python 2 that
has non-ASCII characters, if you are using python3 you probably won’t use it because utf-8 is the default encoding
already. The second and third code lines are importing the python libraries that will be responsible for all the magic.
The command pygame.init() starts all modules that need initialization inside pygame.
At pygame.display.set_mode we create an area for the game window at the size of 640x480 pixels, followed
by pygame.display.set_caption where we set the value “Hello World” to our window title.
With the window created we can use the command fill from screen to fill it with the black color. The colors
are passed on a list of three elements that represent the values from RGB. Each value can go from 0 to 255. You can
change the values to see by yourself the window changing its color.
The command pygame.display.flip represents an important concept to pygame and game development itself.
When we use commands to draw at the screen, we are actually drawing a virtual surface at the memory that
represents a portion of our actual screen. To make that drawing visible to the user we need to send it to the actual
screen, and we do it in these two separate steps to prevent from displaying incomplete frames to the user. It is like
drawing at a board and then “flipping it” to people see what we drew.
And then, to finish the command sleep from the library time makes the program to wait 5 seconds before
finish the execution. Otherwise, the program would close before we see the result.

RESULT:
Thus, the Pygame tool is explored.
EX. NO: 12. a Developing a game activity using Pygame like bouncing ball
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python program to develop a bouncing ball gaming activity using Pygame.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: import pygame,sys,time modules
Step 2: Make pygame.init() function call
Step 3: Create pygame.SurfaceObject using pygame.display.set_mode() function call
Step 4: Using pygame.display.set_caption() set title for the window
Step 5: Set different colours
Step 6: Set window height and width using
pygame.display.Info() Step 7: Set direction=1
Step 8: Start Game loop
Step 8.1: Fill the screen with black colour using SurfaceObject.fill()
function Step 8.2: Draw a ball using pygame.draw. circle() function
Step 8.3: Sleep for certain time using sleep() function
Step 8.4: Calculate different position of ball with different direction and plot it using
pygame.draw.circle() function
Step 8.5: Update the screen using pygame.display.update() function
Step 8.6: Handel Close button press event

PROGRAM:
import pygame, sys, time
from pygame.locals import *
from time import *
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 400))
pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing Ball")
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
info =
pygame.display.Info() sw =
info.current_w
sh = info.current_h
y=0
# Initial direction is down
direction = 1
while True:
screen.fill(BLACK)
pygame.draw.circle(screen, GREEN , (250,y), 13, 0)
#print "Drawing at 250,", y
sleep(.006)
y +=
direction if y
>= sh:
# Changes the direction from down to
up direction = -1
elif y <= 0:
# Changes the direction from up to
down direction = 1
pygame.display.update()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, a Python program to develop a bouncing ball gaming activity using Pygame was written and executed
successfully.