CHAPTER 6

TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES

Compendium

A. Triangle Basics
B. Classification of Triangle
(i) Classification based on side length
(ii) Classification based on angle
C. Median of a Triangle
D. Altitude of a Triangle
E. Important Properties of a Triangle
(i)Angle Sum Property

(ii)Important Highlights

(iii)Exterior Angle Property of a Triangle

(iv) Exterior Angle Property

F. Two Special Types of Triangles

G. Pythagoras Theorem
(i)Basics recap
(ii)Two Important Highlights
(iii)Pythagoras Theorem in Right Triangle
H. Triangle Inequality
I. Chapter Summary
J. Solved Examples
K. Level 1
L. Level 2

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Triangles

Important
Types of Triangle Pythagoras
Properties of
Triangles Inequaltyy Theorem
Triangle

Pythagoras
Based on Angle Sum
in Right
sides Property
Triangle

Based on Exterior Angle

angles Property

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A. Triangle
Let’s define triangle and its important elements.
A closed figure that is formed by joining three non-collinear points
is known as a triangle.
We can also define a triangle as a plane figure
bounded by three-line segments. It is denoted
by the symbol ∆.
In the given figure, ∆PQR is formed by the three
non-collinear points P, Q and R. The line
segments PQ, QR and PR form the sides of the
triangle PQR has:

i. Three vertices, namely P, Q and R.

ii. Three sides, namely PQ, QR and PR.
iii. Three angles, namely ∠P, ∠Q and ∠R.
The three angles and in the three sides are known as the parts or
elements of the triangle. Hence a triangle has six parts.

• Points lying inside the triangle are said to be in the interior

region. Points S and T lie in the interior of ∆PQR.
• Points lying outside the triangle are said to be in the exterior
region. Points A and B lie in the Exterior of ∆PQR.

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• Points which lie on the sides of the triangle are said to be on the
boundary region. Points E and F are on the boundary of ∆PQR.
• The interior and boundary of a triangle together make the
triangular region.

B. Classification of Triangle
(a)Based on side Length

Triangles can be classified into three types

according to their sides.
(i) Scalene triangle: a triangle with three
unequal sides is called a scalene triangle. In the
given diagram AB ≠ BC ≠ AC,
∴∆ABC is a scalene triangle.

(i)Isosceles triangle: A triangle with two equal

sides is called an isosceles triangle. In the given
diagram PQ = PR,
∴∆PQR is Isosceles triangle.
(ii)Equilateral triangle: a triangle with all its three
sides equal is called an equilateral triangle. In the
given figure, DE = EF = DF,
∴∆DEF is an equilateral triangle.

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Checkpoint-1

Name triangle on the basis of side length

1. In △ABC, AB = 5 cm, BC = 5 cm
2. In △ABC, AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, AC = 6cm
3. In △ABC, AB = 4 cm, BC = 4 cm, AC = 4 cm
(b)Based on Angles

(i)Acute angled triangle: a triangle with all

three acute angles is an acute-angled triangle.
In the given figure all the angles, i.e.,
∠A, ∠B and ∠Care less than 90°.
∴∆ABC is an acute-angled triangle.
Acute angled ∆ 0°< (∠A, ∠B, ∠C) < 90°
(ii)Obtuse angled triangle: A triangle with one
obtuse angle and two acute angles is called an
obtuse-angled triangle.
In the given figure ∴ ∆PQR and ∠Q as obtuse
angle, ∠P and ∠R as acute angles, so it is in an
obtuse-angled triangle.
Obtuse angled ∆ 90°<∠Q < 180°, 0°<(∠P, ∠R)<90°

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(iii)Right angles triangle: a triangle with one right angle and two
acute angles is called a right angles triangle.
In the given figure, ∆DEF is right-angled at E
and, ∠D and ∠F are acute angles. The side DF
opposite the right angles is called the
hypotenuse. It is the longest side. A right-
angled triangle is also called a right angle.
Right-angled ∆ 90°<∠Q, < 180°

Checkpoint-2

Name triangle on the basis of side length

1. In △ABC, ∠A=60°, ∠B=60°
2. In △ABC, ∠A=90°
3. In △ABC, ∠A=120°

C. Medians of a Triangle

The line segment joining a vertex of any triangle to the mid-

point
of the opposite side is known as a median.
Thus, in the adjoining figure, in triangle ABC, D is the mid-point of
BC, and so AD is a median.

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Checkpoint-3

1. The number of medians for a triangle are:

2. Is median always perpendicular to the opposite side?
3. Are medians are perpendicular to the opposite side in an
equilateral triangle?

D. Altitude of a Triangle
The line segment from a vertex of a triangle drawn perpendicular
to the other side (produced if necessary) is known as its altitude.
Thus, in ∆ABC AD ∠BC.
∴ AD is the altitude from A to BC. It gives you
the height of the triangle.

Although, we can draw many line segments from A to BC, but

altitude refers to the perpendicular from A on BC. There are three
vertices and three sides in a triangle, and so three altitudes are
possible in a triangle? In the adjoining figure AD, BE and CF are the
three altitudes.

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Checkpoint-4

1. Number of altitudes for a triangle?

2. Altitude bisect the opposite side?
3. Altitude bisect opposite side in an equilateral triangle?

E. Important Properties of Triangle

(a)Angle Sum Property

Property 1. Angle Sum Property of a Triangle
The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.
i.e., In ∆ABC, ∠1 +∠2+∠3 =180°.
Proof: You can prove this result as under:
The interior angles of the triangle are marked with letters x, y and z.

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It is to be proved that ∠x +∠y+∠z =180°.

Draw a line LM, parallel to BC and passing through A. Then
∠LAB +∠x+∠MAC =180° ……… (1) (angles on a straight line)
But ∠LAB =∠y (alternate angles, LM || BC)
∠MAC =∠z (alternate angles, LM || BC)
So, from (1), we have, ∠x +∠y+∠z =180°, i.e., ∠x +∠y+∠z =180°.

(i)Important Highlights
Logically we can find the below result based on the fact sum of
angles in a triangle is 180°
1. A triangle cannot have more than one right angle.
2. A triangle cannot have more than one obtuse angle.
3. In a right triangle, the sum of an acute angle is 90°

Checkpoint-5

Find the third angle of the triangle

1. In △ABC if ∠A=50°, ∠B=80°, Find ∠C=?
2. In △ABC if ∠A=40°, ∠C=70°, Find ∠B=?
3. In △ABC if ∠B=30°, ∠A=60°, Find ∠B=?

(b)Exterior Angles in a Triangle

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Consider a triangle ABC. If one side of ∆ABC, say BC, is produced
and X is any point on the ray BC, then ∠ACX is called an exterior
angle of the ∆ABC at C. Note that ∠ACB is
the adjacent interior angle of ∠ACX while
the other two angles, i.e., ∠A and ∠B are not
the adjacent interior angles. Angles A and
B are called the interior opposite angles
corresponding to exterior angle ACX.

Similarly, if AC is produced and Y is a point on ray AC, then ∠BCY is

also an exterior angle of ∆ABC at C and ∠A and ∠B are interior
opposite angles of ∠BCY.

Likewise,∠BAL is the exterior angle of ∆ABC at A and ∠B and ∠C are

its interior opposite angles. ∠ABM is the exterior angle of ∆ABC at B
and ∠A and ∠C are its interior opposite angles

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(ii)Exterior Angle Property

Property 2. Exterior Angle Property of a

Triangle If any side of a triangle is produced,
then the exterior angle so formed is equal to
the sum of the interior opposite angles. You
can prove it as under:
Proof: ∠x +∠y+∠z =180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)
Also, ∠z + ∠ACB =180° (Linear pair property)
∴ ∠z + ∠ACD =∠x +∠y+∠z
⇒∠ACD =∠x +∠y
Proved

Checkpoint-6

1. Find the lettered angle in each:

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F. Two Special Triangles: Equilateral and
Isosceles
Equilateral Triangle: A triangle in which all
three sides are of equal length is called an
equilateral triangle. In an equilateral
triangle:
i. All sides have the same length;
ii. Each angle is of measure 60°.
Isosceles Triangle: A triangle in which two sides are of equal length
is called an isosceles triangle. In an isosceles triangle
(i) two sides have the same length;

(ii) angles opposite equal sides are equal.

G. Pythagoras Theorem

(a) Basics Recap

Before introducing Pythagoras theorem, we will brush with

concepts used in Pythagoras
You have studied the following in earlier classes:
1. Area of a square. The sides of a square are equal and 3 cm each
of its angle is a right angle (= 90°). The area of a square of a side 3
cm long is 32 sq. cm, i.e., 9 sq. cm or 9 cm2. The area of a square
having one side 5 cm long is 52 sq. cm = 25 sq. cm or 25 cm2. The
area of a square having one side 1.7 m long is (1.7)2 m2 = 2.89 m2
The area of a square whose one side is of measure a units = a2 sq.
units or a2 unit2.

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2. Square root.
If a2 = 16, then a = √16 = 4
If x2 = 225, then a = √225 = 15
If y2 = 6.25, then a = √6.25 = 2.5 and so on.
3. A right angle. In a right-angled triangle, the side opposite to the
right angle is called the hypotenuse. It is the longest side of the
triangle. The other two sides are sometimes called the legs.

(i)Two important results:

A. In a right-angle triangle, the hypotenuse of a right triangle is the
longest side.

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B. Off all the line segments that can be

drawn to a given line from a given point
outside it, the perpendicular line
segment is the shortest.

Thus, if PN is the perpendicular drawn from P to line l and PQ, QR,

….. are other line segments drawn from P to line l, then PQ being
the hypotenuse, PN < PQ (Hypotenuse is the longest side in a rt .
∆). Similarly, PN < PR, etc. This is true for all points on line l other
than point N. Hence, PN is the shortest of all line segments drawn
from P to line l.

(b) Pythagoras Theorem in Right Triangle

HISTORICAL NOTE

Pythagoras' birth dates around 570 BC on the Greek Island of

Samos. He was a pupil of Thales and after some time in Egypt
settled down in Crotona in Italy where he started a school for
Mathematics. His pupils came to be known as Pythagoreans, and
the school became a secret sect. A conflict with the people on
Croton° led to the murder of Pythagoras and many of his pupils.

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About 2500 years ago, a scholar named Pythagoras found an
amazing fact about triangles:

If the triangle had a right angle (90°) .... ... and you made a square
on each of the three sides, then ... ... the biggest square had the
exact same area as the other two squares put together.

Since the longest side of a right triangle is hypotenuse so, formally

it may be stated as:

The area of the square on the hypotenuse of a right-angled

triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the
other two sides, i.e., area of square A = area of square B + area of
square C.

This is called the Pythagoras Theorem.

If the right ∆ABC has the perpendicular sides
as a and b and hypotenuse as c, then c2 = a2 +
b2, i.e., (Hyp.)2 = Sum of the squares of the
remaining two sides.
In rt. ∆ ACB, c2 = a2 + b2.

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Checkpoint-7

Find the shaded area:

Find lettered side in each figure

(H)Triangle Inequality

You know that sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°. What do you
know about the sides of a triangle?

Activity: Let us take the given ∆ABC. Copy the table given below.
Measure the lengths of the sides and complete the table.

a b a+b a+c b+c

• Is a + b > c?
• Is a + c > b?
• Is b + c > a?
Your completed table will show the following property which holds
for all triangles.

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The sum of any two sides of a given triangle is always greater than the
third side. Thus, we will be able to construct a triangle with lengths a,
b and c only if a + b > c, a + c > b, b + c > a. If the above condition is not
satisfied then a, b and c cannot be the lengths of the sides of a
triangle. Draw 3 more triangles (including an isosceles and right-
angled triangle) and check whether the above property holds good
for them or not.

Checkpoint-8

1. State with reasons, In which of the following cases triangles are not
possible:
(a) ∆ABC, AB = 7 cm, BC = 3 cm, AC = 8 cm;
(b) ∆XYZ, XY=S cm, YZ = 12 cm, = 7 cm;
(c) ∆PQR, PQ 54 m, QR = 105m, PR = 45m;
(d) ∆LMN. LA = 3.9 cm. MN= 4.1 cm. NL = 6.8 cm:
(e) ∆RSE, RS= 6.4 cm, ST= 29cm, RT= 11.7 cm;
(f) ∆DEP, DE = 5.6 cm, EF = 6.7 cm, DF = 7.8 an;
2. O is any point within a ∆ABC whose sides are 4 cm, 5 cm, and 7
cm respective Prove that (OA + OB + OC) > 8 cm.
3. In ∆ABC. P is a point on the side BC. Complete each of the
statements below using the symbol ‘=’ ‘<’ or ‘>’ so as to make a
true statement:

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(a) AP ……….. AB + BP;
(b) AP ……….. AC + PC;
(c) AP………….(AB + AC + BC)

Summary

1. A closed figure bounded by three-line segments is called a

triangle.
2. A triangle with all three unequal sides is called a scalene
triangle.
3. A triangle with two sides equal is called an isosceles triangle.
4. A triangle with all three sides equal is called an equilateral
triangle.
5. A triangle with each angle less than 90° is an A

acute-angled triangle.

B C

6. A triangle with one of its angles greater than 90° is called an

obtuse-angled triangle.
7. A triangle with one interior angle equal to 90° is called a right-
angled triangle.
8. Sum of all the angles of a triangle is equal
to 180°, i.e., ∠A +∠B +∠C = 180°.
9. An exterior angle of any triangle is equal
to the sum of its opposite interior angles.
e.g., ∠ACD = ∠A + ∠B
10. In any right triangle, the hypotenuse is always the longest side. (AB
> BC, AB > AC).

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11. Pythagoras Theorem. In any right triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the remaining two
sides; i.e., c2 = a2 + b2. A
12. If in a triangle, the square of the largest side c
is equal to the sum of the squares of the b

remaining two sides, then the angle

B a C
opposite to the largest side is a right angle.
13. Of all the line segments that can be
A
drawn to a given line from a point
outside it, the perpendicular line
segment is the shortest, i.e., AB is the
shortest in the figure given alongside.
B C D E

14. The sum of any two sides of a triangle is

A
greater than the third side, i.e., b + c > a, c +
c b
a = b, a + b > c

B C
a

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Solved examples

Ex.1. Find the value of x in the following figures.

Sol: (i) x + 60°=130° (Ext.∠Property of a ∆)

⟹ x = 130° - 60°=70°.
(ii) 4x + 5x = 72° (Ext.∠Property of a ∆)
⟹ 9x = 72° ⟹x=8°
Hence, the angles are 4 × 8° and 5 × 8°,i.e., 𝟑𝟐° and 𝟒𝟎°.

(iii) ∠ACB + 44° = 87° (Ext.∠Property of a ∆)

⟹ ∠ACB = 87° - 44°=43°

∴ ∠x = ∠ACB = 43° (corresponding ∠s, AC || ED)

Ex.2. Find the lettered angles in the figure if ∠S=4∠y.

Sol. 𝑥 + 65° = 105° (Ext.∠Property of a ∆)
⇒x=105°-65°=40°
In ∆SPQ, ∠𝑆 + ∠𝑦 + 105° = 180° (Angle sum property of a∆)
or
4∠y+∠y+105°=180° (∠S=4∠y,given)
or
5∠y=180°-105° ⇒ 5∠y=75°
⇒ ∠𝑦 = 15°

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Ex.3. The sides BC, CA and AB of ∆ABC, are
produced in order, forming exterior angles
∠ACD, ∠BAE and ∠CBF. Show that ∠ACD +
∠BAE + ∠CBF = 360°.
Sol. Let the angles be marked as shown,
then
∠x=∠1+∠2
∠y=∠2+∠3} (Ext.∠Property of a ∆)
∠z=∠1+∠3
Adding, ∠x+∠y+∠z=(∠1+∠2)+(∠2+∠3)+(∠1+∠3)=2(∠1+∠2+∠3)
= 2 ×180°=360°.
⟹∠ACD + ∠BAE+∠CBF = 360° Proved.
Ex.4. Find the value of 'x' in each case
[Note. Similar marking show equal sides]

(iii
(i (i
)
) i)

(iv) (v)
(v
i)

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Sol: (i)

X = 50°
Angles opposite equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal.
(ii)

∠C = ∠B = 65° (Isosceles ∆ property)

x=180°-(65°+65°) =180°-130°=50°. (Angle sum of a ∆)
(iii)

∠C = ∠B = x (Isosceles ∆ property. Here, AB = AC)

In ∆ABC,
⇒ 80° + x + x = 180° (Angle sum property of a ∆)
⇒ 80° + 2x = 180°
⇒2x=180°- 80°
⇒2x=100°
⇒2x=50°

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(iv)

∠A = ∠C = x (Isosceles ∆ property. Here, AB = AC)

⇒ x + 90° + x = 180° (Angle sum of a ∆)
⇒ 80° + 2x = 180°
⇒2x +90°=180°
⇒2x=90°
⇒x=45°
(v)

∠B = ∠C (Isosceles ∆ property)
⇒ AC = BC
⇒ AC = x = 6
(vi)

∠ACB =180°-110°=70° (Linear pair)

⇒ ∠B = ∠ACB =70° (Isosceles. ∆ property)

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In ∆ABC,
⇒ 80° + 2x = 180°
⇒x +∠B +∠ACB =180° (Angle sum of a ∆)
⇒x +70°+70°=180°
⇒x=180°-140°=40°.
Ex.5. Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right
triangle having other sides of lengths 6 and 8
units.
Sol: Let the hypotenuse be of length c.
The triangle is right-angled. So by the Pythagoras theorem

c2 = 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100

∴ c = √100 = 10 units.
Ex.6. Calculate the length of the wire
supporting the tree.
Sol. Let the length of the wire be x m. Then it
being a right angle,
We have by Pythagoras theorem,
x2 = 22 + 1.52 = 4 + 2.25 = 6.25
6.25 √6.25 25
∴x =√6.25 =2.5 √6.25=√ = = =2.5
100 √100 10

Therefore, length of the wire is 2.5 m

Ex.7.Calculate y in the adjoining figure

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Sol. Since, the given triangle is right angled, therefore, by Pythagoras
theorem, we have
y2 = 252 – 72 (Hyp2 – Given Side2)
or y2 = 625 – 49 = 576

∴ 𝑦 = √576
=√2×2×2×2×2×2×3×3
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24.
Ex.8. AB = 8m. if the ladder is 10 m long, how
far above B can it reach?
Sol: Let the required height be h m.
Then, h2 = 102 – 82
= 100 – 64 = 36

∴h=√36=6m
∴ The ladder will reach 6 m above B.

Ex.9.A ship leaves a port to travel 12km due

east. Then, it turns and travels 9 km due
north. How far does the ship travel from the
port?

Sol. As the diagram shows, the problem involved a right ∆.

x2 = 92 + 122 = 81 + 144 = 225
x=√225=√3×3×5×5=15
∴ The ship is 15 km from the port.
Ex.10. Arvind wishes to check whether the walls are at right angles
or not. He measures AB, BC and CA and checks whether (longest
side)2 = sum of the squares of the remaining sides.

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Sol. Shorter side:
AB2 = 2402= 240 × 240 = 57600
BC2 = 702= 70 × 70 = 4900
AB2 + BC2 = 57600 + 4900 = 62500
Longest side: AC2 = 2502 = 250 × 250 = 62500
Since, AB2 + BC2= AC2.
So ∠B = 90°, by the converse of Pythagoras theorem.

Ex.11. Sudhir wishes to check

that the lamp-post is at right
angles to the pavement. The
measures as shown and
applies converse of
Pythagoras theorem.
Sol. Shorter side: LM2 = 22 = 4
MN2= 2.62= 2.6 × 2.6 = 6.76
LM2 + MN2 = 4 + 6.76 = 10.76
Longest side: LN2 = 3.22 = 3.2 × 3.2 = 10.24
Since LN2 ≠ LM2 + MN2, so ∠M is not equal to 90°.
Ex.12. Can 6, 8, 11 be lengths of the sides of a right triangle?
Sol. Longest side: 112 = 121,
sum of squares of shorter sides: 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100.
Since, 121 ≠ 100, so 6, 8, 11 cannot be the lengths of the sides of a
right triangle.

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1 Marks Question
1. Fill in the blanks:
(i) If the three angles of a triangle are equal, then each of them
is equal to………
(ii) If the exterior angle at vertex C of ∆ABC is 110° and ∠A=50°,
then ∠B =……….
(iii) In a right triangle the …… is the longest side.
(iv) The line segment joining the vertex of a triangle to the mid-point
of the opposite side is known as …….
(v) In a triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two sides can never
be …… or ….. the length of the third side.
2. Answer True(T) or False(F).
(i) A triangle with angles 50°,58° and 62° can be constructed.
(ii) The triangle with side lengths 5,12 and 13 forms a right-angled
triangle.
(iii) There can be only two acute angles in a triangle.
(iv) The sum of the two acute angles in a right-angled triangle is
90°.
(v) If AB = 7 cm, BC = 24 cm and AC = 25 cm, then the triangle is
right angled at A.
3. This figure consists of an equilateral
triangle and an isosceles triangle. Find ∠𝑥.
(a) 60° x
(b) 120°
(c) 45°

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(d) 30°
4. The base angle of an isosceles triangle is 55°. The size of the
vertical angle is
(a)55° (b)35° (c)70° (d)125°
5. The perimeter of the hexagonal garden as shown below is
(a)44m
(b) 50m
(c)52 m
(d) 72 m
6. AB and CD are straight lines and CA ||
BD. ∠y equals
(a)52° (b)49°
(c)29 (d)59°

2 Marks
7. If two sides of a triangle are of lengths 7 cm and 3 cm, then the
third side must be
(a)>10cm (b) =10cm
(c)<10cm (d)≤10cm
8. BA || CF || DE. ∠CDE = 61°.BCE is a straight
line, and ∠DCE is a right angle.∠BCF
equals
(a)150° (b)115°
(c)151° (d)105°
9. Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose one side measures 20
m and the diagonal is 29 m.
(a) 98cm (b)80cm
(c)82cm (d)100cm

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10. A 26 m ladder is placed against the wall in such a way that the
foot of the ladder is 10 cm away from the wall. How up on the wall
is the upper end of the ladder?
(a)20m (b)18m
(c) 24m (d)25m
11. The vertical angle of an isosceles triangle measures (5t - 18)° and
one of the base angles measures 3t°. The value of t is
(a)15 (b)18 (c)24 (d) 12

12. In the given triangle, the value of x is

(a)55° (b)110°
(c)70° (d)27.5°

13. ∠ABC, as shown in the diagram below, equals

(a)60° (b)120°

(c)150° (d)90°
3 Marks
14. Find x.

15. Find b.

16. Find x and m

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17. Find x and y.

18. Find x :

19. Find the lettered angle

20. In the following questions, the measures of two angles are given.
Find the measure of the third angle in each case:
(a)30°,80° (b)40°,40°

(c)20°,70° (d)35°,116°

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21. One of the acute angles of a right triangle is 63°. Find the other
acute angle.
[Hint. Since it is a right triangle, one angle = 90°. So, other acute
angle + 63° = 90°].

22. The three angles are equal to one another.

23. One of the angles is 140°, and the other two angles are equal.
24. One angle is two times the smallest angle, and another angle is
three times the smallest angle.
[Hint. Let x be the measure of the smallest angle in degrees. Then
measures of the other two angles are 2x and 3x].
25. If one angle of a triangle is 80° and the other two angles are in the
ratio 3: 7.
26. The angles are in the ratio 2 : 3: 4.
27. Find:
(a)∠DBC (b)∠BDC
(c)∠DBA (d)∠A
28. Find:
(a) ∠B
(b) ∠EDC
(c) ∠ADE
(d) ∠AED
(e) ∠DEC
(f) ∠DCE
(g) ∠ACB

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TRIANGLES AND ITS PROPERTIES
29. Find:
(a) ∠PTQ
(b) ∠QTU
(c) ∠SUT
(d) ∠RUQ
(e) ∠RQU
(f) ∠UQT
30. Find x in the given diagram.

1. In which of the following cases, the angles are not possibly the
angles of a triangle.
(a)90°,55°,35° (b)70°,50°,60°
(c)37°,49°,84° (d)29°,41°,110°
2. If both acute angles of a right triangle are equal, then each acute
angle is equal to
(a)30° (b)45° (c)60° (d)90°

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 CHAPTER 6
TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES
3. The values of 'x' and 'y' in the diagram
given are respectively
(a)90°,55° (b)55°,125°

(c) 35°,145° (d)90°,90°

4. In the given figure, x + y equals

(a)235° (b)215°

(c)195° (d)225°

5. Is it possible to have a triangle in which:

(a) two of the angles are right angles?
(b) two of the angles are acute?
(c) two of the angles are obtuse?
(d) each angle is less than 60°?
(e) each angle is greater than 45°?
(f) each angle is equal to 60°?
(g) each angle is greater than 60°?

6. Find

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 CHAPTER 6
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7. In the figure, ∆ABC is right-angled at A. Q, and R are points on

BC extended and BC respectively. There exists a point P such
that QP || AB and RP || AC. Find ∠P.
[Hint. Draw a line through R cutting AC parallel to BA]

8. In ∆ABC, ∠B = 60°, ∠C = 40°, AL ⊥

BC and AD bisects ∠A such that L
and D lie on side BC. Find ∠LAD.
[Hint. ∠BAL = 30°, ∠CAL = 50°. Then,
∠BAD = ∠DAC or 30° + ∠LAD = 50°
- ∠LAD (∴ AD bisects ∠BAC)]
9. (i)If each angle of a triangle is smaller than the sum of the other
two, show that the triangle is acute-angled.
[Hint. Let ∠A< ∠B + ∠C then 2∠A< ∠A+ ∠B+ ∠C⇒2∠A < 180° ⇒ ∠A <
90°. Similarly, ∠B <90° and ∠C< 900]
(ii)In a triangle, one angle is larger than the sum of the other two.
What can you say about the measure of this angle? What type
of a triangle is this?
10. In ∆ABC, if 3∠A = 4∠B = 6∠C, find the angles.
x x x
[Hint: Let 3∠A = 4∠B = 6∠C = x. Then, ∠A = ,∠B = , ∠C = ]
3 4 6

11. (i) In Fig (1), ∆ABC is right-angled at

A, and AD ⊥ BC. Also, ∠B = 55°. Find
(a)∠BAD (b)∠CAD
(c)∠ACB

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 CHAPTER 6
TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES
(ii)Find the lettered angles in Fig. (ii)
[Hint. In ∆ABC,90°+55°+∠ACB =180° ⇒
∠ACB =35°.(∠BAC= 90°, given) Now, in
∆DAC, find ∠CAD.Again, ∠BAD +∠CAD =
90°.find ∠BAD
12. Find the lettered angle in each case:

13. Find the lettered angle in each case:

14. Find the value of 'x' in each case:

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 CHAPTER 6
TRIANGLES AND ITS PROPERTIES

[Hint. Find ∠TSQ first]

15. In a ∆ABC, ∠A = 60°, ∠B = 80° and the bisectors of ∠B and ∠C meet
at O. Find:
(i) ∠C (ii) ∠BOC

16. By how much is ∠a bigger than ∠b in the

given figure.

17. O is a point in the exterior of ∆ABC. What symbol ‘>’, ‘<’ or ‘=’ will
you use to complete the statement:
OA + OB ... AB? Write two other
similar statements and show that
1
OA + OB + OC > (AB + BC + CA).
2

18. In each of the following, there are three positive numbers. State
if these numbers could possibly represent the measure of the
lengths of the sides of a triangle.
(i)2,3,4 (ii)4,5,3 (iii) 2.5,1.5,4

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TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES
19. Find x and y

20. Calculate x.

Solutions

Answers
Checkpoint 1:
1.Isosceles 2.Scalene 3.Equilateral
Checkpoint 2:
1.Equilateral 2.Right 3.Obtuse
Checkpoint 3:
1. 3 2.No 3.Yes
Checkpoint 4:
1. 3 2.No 3.Yes

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Checkpoint 5:
1.∠C = 50° 2.∠B = 70° 3.∠B = 90°
Checkpoint 6:
(i) ∠40° (ii)∠85° (iii) 75° (iv)30°
Checkpoint 7:
(1)100 (ii) 81 (iii) 5.49 (iv) 1229
(2) (i) 17 (ii) 13 (iii) 20 (iv) 12
Checkpoint 8:
1.(ii) , (iii) , (iv) , (vi)
3. (i) < (ii) < (iii) <

Novice level

1 Marks Question
Fill in the blanks
(i)60 (ii)60 (iii) hypotenuse (iv)median
(v)less than
2.True|False
(i) F (ii)T (iii)F (iv) T (v) F
3.d 4.70 5.c 6.49
2 Marks
7.b 8.c 9.b 10.b
11.c 12.d 13.a
3 Marks Question
14.80 15.140 16. m = 50, x = 80
17. x = 62, y = 30 18.63
19.(i) 60 (ii) 50 (iii) 60 (iv) 120
20 (i) 70 (ii) 100 (iii) 90 (iv) 76 (v) 29

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TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES
21. 27 22. 60 23. 20 24. 30, 60, 90
25. 30, 70 26. 40, 60, 80 27. (i) 65. (ii) 65 (iii) 65 (iv) 50
28. (i) 55. (ii) 25 (iii) 55 (iv) 70 (v) 110 (vi) 45 (vii)70
29. (i) 70 (ii) 65 (iii) 45 (iv) 25 (v) 45
30. 95

Advanced level

1. C
2. 45
3. 90,90
4. B
5. (i) F (ii) T (iii) F (iv) F (v) T (vi)T (vii)F
6. (i) 90 (ii) 60 (iii) 40
7. 90
8. 30
10.80 , 60 , 40
11. (i) a ) 35. B) 55. C) 70
(ii) x = 30, y = 50
12. (i) x = 40 (ii) a = 85 (iii) 75. (iv) 30
13. (i) x = 100, y = 60
(ii) x = 25, y = 80, z = 30
(iii) x = 70, y = 40, z = 70
(iv) x = 40
14. )(i) x = 25 (ii) x = 25 (iii) x = 20. (iv) 72 15. (i) 40 (ii) 120
16.16 18. (ii) 19. x = 75, y = 127
20. (i) x = 10 (ii) x = 18 (iii) BC = 17

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