Group-A: Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. In which memory is a String stored when we create a string using the new operator?

- Heap memory.

2. ______ is an abstract machine. It is a specification that provides a runtime

environment in which Java bytecode can be executed.

- Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

3. Which of the following keywords are used to control access to a class Member?

- B) abstract.

4. An abstract class, which is declared with the "abstract" keyword, cannot be

instantiated. True or False?

- True.

5. Out of the following, which one is not correctly matched?

- B) FORTRAN - Object Oriented Language.

6. "A package is a collection of classes, interfaces, and sub-packages." The above

statement is true or false?

- True.

7. Which of the following statements is a valid array declaration?

- B) float average[].
8. Java virtual machine is ______.

- B) Independent.

9. Which method is used to set the graphics' current color to the specified color in the

graphics class?

- setColor(Color c).

10. Java is robust because ______.

- It is object-oriented, supports garbage collection, and has exception handling.

11. Consider the following 2 statements (S1 and S2):

- S1: C++ uses compiler only.

- S2: Java uses compiler and interpreter both.

Above statements are true or false?

- True.

12. What is the length of the application box made by the following Java program?

```java

import java.awt.*;

import java.applet.*;

public class myApplet extends Applet {

public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.drawString("A Simple Applet", 20, 20);

```

- C) 100.
Group-B: Short Answer Type Questions

2. What is qualified association? Describe with an example.

- Qualified association refers to a relationship between two classes where one class

qualifies the association by providing additional information, typically through an

attribute.

Example:

In a library system, the relationship between a "Library" and "Book" classes can be

qualified by the "ISBN number."

3. What is an object? Why is Java called an object-oriented language? Write the

difference between procedural-oriented programming and object-oriented

programming.

- Object: An object is an instance of a class containing attributes (data) and methods

(functions).

- Why Java is object-oriented: Java is called object-oriented because it follows OOP

principles like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

- Difference:

- Procedural: Focuses on procedures (functions).

- Object-Oriented: Focuses on objects (data + methods).

4. Explain the static keyword with suitable Java code.

- The `static` keyword is used to create class-level variables and methods that belong

to the class rather than any object.

Example:

```java
 class Example {

static int count = 0; // static variable

static void display() { // static method

System.out.println("Count: " + count);

```

5. What is dynamic method dispatch in Java? Explain with an example.

- Dynamic method dispatch allows a superclass reference to call methods in a

subclass object during runtime (polymorphism).

Example:

```java

class Parent {

void display() { System.out.println("Parent"); }

class Child extends Parent {

void display() { System.out.println("Child"); }

Parent obj = new Child();

obj.display(); // Outputs "Child"

```

6. What is AWT? What is Event Listener?

- AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit): A Java package used to create GUI components like

buttons and windows.

- Event Listener: An interface in Java used to handle events like clicks or keypresses.
Example: `ActionListener`.

Group-C: Long Answer Type Questions

7. Discuss the differences between the following:

- throw vs throws clause:

- `throw`: Used to explicitly throw an exception.

- `throws`: Declares exceptions in a method signature.

- final vs finally:

- `final`: Keyword to make variables/constants or prevent inheritance.

- `finally`: Block executed after try-catch, regardless of exception.

- Abstract classes vs Interfaces:

- Abstract classes can have both abstract and concrete methods.

- Interfaces contain only abstract methods (before Java 8).

8. Write short notes on the following:

- Link and Association: A relationship between objects in two classes.

- Thread Life-Cycle: New → Runnable → Running → Blocked → Terminated.

- Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only functionality.

9. Write short notes on the following:

- Dynamic Method Dispatch: Polymorphism mechanism (explained earlier).

- Dynamic Binding: Method resolution at runtime.

- Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods in a single unit (class).

10. Create a package and write Java files for basic arithmetic operations.

- Solution Outline: Create a package with methods for addition, subtraction,

11. (a) What are exceptions? Explain user-defined and system-defined exceptions with

examples.

- Exceptions are events that disrupt the normal program flow.

- System-defined: Handled by Java (e.g., `ArithmeticException`).

- User-defined: Custom exceptions created using `extends Exception`.

Example:

```java

class MyException extends Exception {

MyException(String msg) { super(msg); }

```

(b) Difference between `==` operator and `equals` method in String:

- `==` compares references (memory locations).

- `equals` compares the content.