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What is CNN

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a specialized type of neural network designed primarily for processing images, utilizing layers such as convolutional, pooling, activation, dropout, and fully connected layers. The convolutional layer applies filters to extract features, while pooling layers reduce spatial dimensions to retain important information. The architecture is structured to allow for efficient learning and classification tasks, with the output layer tailored to the specific application.

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2 views

What is CNN

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a specialized type of neural network designed primarily for processing images, utilizing layers such as convolutional, pooling, activation, dropout, and fully connected layers. The convolutional layer applies filters to extract features, while pooling layers reduce spatial dimensions to retain important information. The architecture is structured to allow for efficient learning and classification tasks, with the output layer tailored to the specific application.

Uploaded by

Divya Elizabeth Mathew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is CNN?

As a sub-category of neural networks, convolutional neural networks have


all of the features of neural networks. On the other hand, it created CNN
mainly to handle pictures as input. As a result, its design is more
straightforward: it comprises only two primary building components.
Because it serves as a feature extractor, the initial block establishes the
uniqueness of this specific sort of neural network. This is done by using
convolution filtering techniques to accomplish template matching. Before
normalization and scaling, “feature maps” are returned from the image’s
initial filtering layer using a variety of convolution kernels.
We may filter the feature maps acquired with fresh kernels, normalize and
resize them, and then repeat the procedure as many times as necessary.
Finally, a vector is constructed by combining the values from all feature
maps together. This vector defines the first block’s output and the
second’s input.
Layers of CNN

When it comes to a convolutional neural network, there are four different


layers of CNN: coevolutionary, pooling, ReLU correction, and finally, the
fully connected level.

Convolutional Layer

 This is the core building block of a CNN. It applies a set of learnable


filters (also known as kernels) to the input data.

 These filters are small grids that slide over the input image to
perform element-wise multiplications and additions.

 Each filter extracts specific features from the input data, such as
edges, textures, or more complex patterns.

 Multiple filters are used to capture different features.

 The output of this layer is called feature maps.

Pooling Layer
 Pooling layers reduce the spatial dimensions of the feature maps
while retaining the most important information.
 This helps in reducing computation and making the model
translation invariant.
 Max-pooling and average-pooling are common pooling techniques.
 Max-pooling, for example, selects the maximum value within a small
region of the feature map, reducing the size and introducing
translational invariance.
 Pooling helps reduce the computational complexity of the network
and makes the model more robust to small shifts in the input data.

Activation Layer

 After each convolutional layer, an activation function is applied


element-wise to the feature maps.
 It introduces non-linearity into the model which is essential for the
network to learn complex patterns.
 The most common activation function used in CNNs is the Rectified
Linear Unit (ReLU).
 ReLU activation function replaces negative values with zero and
leaves positive values unchanged, introducing non-linearity into the
model.

Dropout Layer
 Dropout is a regularization technique used to prevent overfitting.
 During training, a fraction of randomly selected neurons (typically
set as a hyperparameter) is temporarily “dropped out” or ignored.
 It prevents the network from relying too heavily on specific neurons
and features.
Fully Connected Layer (Dense Layer)
 The Fully Connected (FC) layer consists of the weights and biases
along with the neurons
 These layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in
the next layer.
 They are typically used in the final layers of the CNN for
classification or regression tasks.
 This is usually placed before the output layer and reduces human
supervision.
Flatten Layer: Before the fully connected layers, the feature maps are
typically flattened into a one-dimensional vector. This is done to match the
dimensionality between the convolutional/pooling layers and the fully
connected layers.
Input Layer: This layer represents the raw input data, typically images.
Each neuron in this layer corresponds to a pixel in the input image.
Output Layer: The final layer in a CNN produces the output. The number
of neurons in this layer depends on the specific task, e.g., one neuron for
binary classification or several neurons for multi-class classification.
These layers are typically stacked sequentially to form the architecture of
the CNN.

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