KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI IX SCIENCE CH_5_ The Fundamental unit of Life

Q. NO QUESTION
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
1. Which statement best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

A) Synthesizing ATP for energy production

B) Modifying, sorting, and packaging molecules for transport
C) Maintaining cell shape and structural integrity
D) Controlling the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus

2. Which process involves the engulfing of large particles into a cell by the cell membrane,
leading to the formation of vesicles?

A) Exocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Pinocytosis
D) Osmosis

3. If a plant cell is kept in a hypotonic solution, it will

a) Increase in its volume
b) maintain the same volume
c) Decrease in its volume
d) burst
4. Which cellular structure is responsible for assembling ribosomes?
A) Nucleolus
B) Lysosome
C) Centriole
D) Mitochondria
5. 70-80% of volume of a mature plant cell is occupied by
a) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Nucleus
c)Cytoplasm
d)Vacuole
6. You must have observed that a fruit when unripe is green but it becomes beautifully
coloured when ripe. According to you what is the reason behind this colour change?
(a) Chloroplasts change to chromosplasts
(b) Chromosplasts change to chromosomes
(c) Chloroplasts change to chromosomes
(d) Chromosplasts change to chloroplasts
7. Animal cell lacking nuclei would also lack in
(a) Endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Chromosome
(c) Lysosome
(d) Ribosome
8. Double membrane is absent in
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Nucleus
(d) Lysosomes

9. Elephants eat grass and both have cells. Read the following sentences regarding cells, and
 identify correct ones.
(a) Grass cells have cell wall and vacuoles
(b) Grass cells have cilia and chloroplast
(c)Elephant cells are bigger than grass cells
(d) Elephant cells have cell membrane and mitochondria
Select the correct option:
i) (a) and (b)
ii) (b) and (c)
iii) (c) and (d)
iv) (a) and (d)

10. A student can view plasma membrane and other cell organelles of animal cell with the
help of
(a) Light microscope
(b) Compound
(c) Dissecting microscope
(d) Electron microscope

11. The process by which water moves through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of
high concentration to a region of lower concentration, thereby equalizing water
concentration is called:

a. Evaporation
b. Diffusion
c. Osmosis
d. All of the above
12. Which of the following is not a function of the vacuole in plants?

a. They store toxic metabolic wastes

b. They help in the process of cell division
c. They help to maintain turgidity
d. They provide structural support
13. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. Cytoplasm is also known as protoplasm

b. Lysosomes are known as the suicide bags of the cell
c. Mitochondria has its own DNA
d. All of the above are incorrect
14. The barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment in an animal cell is
a. Cell wall
b. Plasma membrane
c. Nuclear membrane
d. Cytoplasm
15. The process which occurs when dry raisins are soaked in water is called _________.
a. Osmosis
b. Endosmosis
c. Endocytosis
d. Diffusion
16. While observing a human cheek cell, under a microscope, what students will not observe
a. Nucleolus
b. Mitochondria
c. Nucleus
d. Chloroplast

17. …………………….. is allows or permits the entry and exit of some material in and out of the
cell
a. Cell envelope
b. Cell cover
c. Cell membrane
d. Cell protector
18. Which of the following controls all biological activities of a cell?
(a) Protoplasm
(b) Cell wall
(c) Nucleus
(d) All of these
19. Plasma membrane is composed of
a. cellulose and lipids
b. lipids and proteins
c. peptidoglycan and lipids
d. cellulose and proteins
20. Which structure in plant cell is responsible for providing the energy required to drive
cellular processes?
a. Chloroplast
b. Mitochondria
c. Nucleus
d. Golgi apparatus

21. Who discovered the nucleus in the cell?

(a) Leeuwenhoke
(b)Robert Brown
(c)Schleiden
(d)Robert Hooke
22. Who has expanded the cell theory?
(a) Schleiden (1838)
(b)Schwann (1839)
(c) Virchow (1855)
(d) Both (a) and (b)

23. Organellels having their own DNA

(a) Mitochondria
(b)Lysosomes
(c)Plastids
(d)Both (a) and (c)
24. Which of the following is not a function of vacuole?
(a) Locomotion
(b)Storage
(c)Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell
(d)Waste excretion
25. Which is the longest cell in human body:
(a) Liver cell
(b) Nephron cell
(c) Cardiac cell
(d)Nerve cell
26. Which of the following can be made into crystal?
(a) A bacterium
(b)An amoeba
(c)A virus
(d)A sperm
27. Chromosome are made up of:
(a) DNA
(b)Protein
(c) RNA
(d) DNA and Protein

28. Digestive enzyme is found in:

(a) Protoplasm
(b) Lysosomes
(c)Golgi bodies
(d)All of the above
29. Reasoning based questions these consists of two statements –Assertion (A) and Reason
(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below
(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c)A is true but R is false
(d)A is false but R is true
Assertion : A plant cell bursts if placed in water.
Reason : High turgor pressure causes bursting of plant cells.
30. Reasoning based questions these consists of two statements –Assertion (A) and Reason
(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below
(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c)A is true but R is false
(d)A is false but R is true
Assertion : Leucoplasts perform photosynthesis.
Reason : Chloroplasts store fats, starch and proteins.
31. The flexibility of the cell membrane also enables the cell to engulf in food and other material from its
external environment. Such processes are known
a) Osmosis
b) Endocytosis
c) Diffusion
d) Digestion

32. A cell will swell up if

 (a) the concentration of water molecules in the cell is higher than the concentration of water
molecules in the surrounding medium.
(b) the concentration of water molecules in the surrounding medium is higher than water molecules
concentration in the cell.
(c) the concentration of water molecules is the same in the cell and in the surrounding medium.
(d) concentration of water molecules does not matter.
33. Which of these options are not a function of
ribosomes?
(i) It helps in the manufacture of protein molecules.
(ii) It helps in the manufacture of enzymes.
(iii) It helps in the manufacture of fats.
(iv) It helps in the manufacture of starch molecules.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (iv) and (i)

34. Which of these is not related to endoplasmic

reticulum?
(a) It behaves as a transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm.
(b) It transports materials between various regions in the cytoplasm.
(c) It can be the site of energy generation.
(d) It can be the site for some biochemical activities of the cell.
35. Following are a few definitions of osmosis: Read carefully and select the correct definition.
(a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
(b) Movement of solvent molecules from its higher concentration to lower concentration.
(c) Movement of solvent molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration of solution
through a permeable membrane.
(d) Movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration of solution
through a semi permeable membrane.
36. Assertion: The endoplasmic reticulum which lacks ribosomes is called smooth endoplasmic
reticulum (SER).
Reason: SER is mainly involved in protein synthesis.
37. Assertion: Plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
Reason: Plasma membrane allows some molecules to pass through it more easily than others
38. Cells are divided into two main classes, initially defined by whether they contain a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) lack a nuclear envelope; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus in which the
genetic material is separated from the cytoplasm. Identify the type following the cell given in the
diagram below.

.
39. The process ………….. takes an important role in a gaseous exchange between the cell and its outer
surrounding
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Condensation
d) Evaporation
40. The barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment in an animal cell is
(a) Cell wall
(b) Plasma membrane
(c) Nuclear membrane
(d) Cytoplasm

41. Prokariotic cells/ bacteria have undefined nuclear region called nucleoid in the centre as these
cells lack
a. Cell membrane
b. Nuclear membrane
c. Cell wall
d. Cytoplasm
42. Process of shrinkage of protoplasm of a plant cell, when it is placed in concentrated salt solution is
known as
a. Electrolysis
b. Endocytosis
c. Plasmolysis
d. Endosmosis
43. Which one of the following animal cell does not possess nucleus?
a. Neuron
b. RBC
c. WBC
d. Liver cells
44. Which cell organelle is responsible for transporting simple sugar into complex sugar?
a. Ribosomes
b. Golgi bodies
c. Centrosomes
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
45. Which one of the following is found only in animal cells and not in plant cells?
a. Centrioles
b. Ribosomes
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
46. A cell will swell up if as compared to the cell, the concentration of water molecules in the
surrounding medium is:
a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Same
d. Changed suddenly
47. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy in the form of ATP from
glucose?
(a) Mitochondria (b) Chloroplast (c) Ribosome (d) Golgi bodies
48. The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
 (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c )A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion (A): Osmosis is a special case of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane.
Reason (R): The passage of water from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower
water concentration through a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis.
49. Assertion (A): All cells arises from the pre-existing cells.
Reason (R): Cells divide to produce cells of their own kind.
50. Assertion (A): Lysosomes are known as the suicide bag of a cell.
Reason (R): Lysosomes are capable of removing the debris having foreign materials as well as dead
and worn out cell organele by digesting them.
51. A poorly developed zone in the centre of a cell that has DNA molecule is called as:
a. Nucleolus of prokaryote
b. Nucleoid of prokaryote
c. Nucleus of prokaryote
d. Nucleus of eukaryote
52. Chemical composition of chromosome is:
a. DNA and lipids
b. DNA and carbohydrates
c. Proteins and lipids
d. DNA and proteins
53. The breakdown of pyruvate to give CO , water and energy takes place in which part of human cell:
2

a. Cytoplasm
b. Mitochondria
c. Chloroplast
d. Nucleus
54. Cells vary in their size. Arrange the following cells in ascending order of their size and select the
correct option among the following:
i.Mycoplama ii. Ostrich egg iii. Human RBC iv. Bacteria
(a) i,iv,iii,ii (b)i,ii,iii,iv (c)ii,i,iii,iv (d)iii,i,ii,iv
55. A plant cell, an animal cell and a bacterial cell share the following features:
a. Cell wall, ER and vacuole
b. Cell wall, Plasma membrane and Mitochondria
c. Cell wall, nucleus and cytoplasm
d. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm and ribosome
56. When a cell is placed in strong salt solution, it shrinks, because:
a. Salt solution enters in cell
b. Cytoplasm of the cell begins to decompose
c. Water comes out of cells to develop equilibrium
d. Water enters inside cell to develop equilibrium
57. Grana and stroma are the parts of which cell organelles?
(a) Mitochondria (b) Chloroplast (c) Ribosome (d) Golgi bodies
58. The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c )A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion (A): Number of cells in a multicellular organism is directly proportional to body size.
Reason (R): All the cells in the biological world are of same size.
59. Assertion (A): The cell wall in plants is non-living and freely permeable.
Reason (R): Cell wall in plants provide mechanical strength.
60. Assertion (A): The outer membrane of mitochondria is folded into cristae
Reason (R): Cristae increases the surface area.
61. Plants cell can withstand much greater pressure changes in the environment compared to animal
cells. Why?
62. State the reason why chloroplast is called kitchen of the cell.
63. Can viruses multiply on their own?
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
VSA 2 MARKS EACH
1. Where will you find more number of ribosomes-in cancer cells or in fat cells?
2. While cooking vegetables when we add salt into the vegetables, vegetables release water.
Why?
3. A solution of 5%Glucose and a solution of 10%Glucose are kept in a trough separated by a
semipermeable membrane. What will you observe after 1or 2 hour?
4. Identify the part X and Y and write their functions also.

5. Why lysosomes are called

a. Natural scavengers of the cell?
b. Suicidal bags of the cells?
6. What will happen if a fully turgid plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution? Name the
phenomenon.
7. What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
8. How does Amoeba obtain its food?
9. With the example of viruses illustrate the significance of membranes.
10. What will happen if you put an animal cell into an isotonic solution of salt and water
11. Describe an activity to demonstrate osmosis.
12. What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breakdown?
13. “Chloroplast and mitochondria are referred as semi- autonomous organelles”. Justify.
14. A solution of 3% glucose and a solution of 8% glucose are kept in a trough separated by a
 semipermeable membrane. What will you observe after 1 hour?
15. Which plastid would you expect to find in the following?
i. Papaya ii. Grass
16. How are the following related to each other:
i.Genes and DNA (ii) Mitochondria and Cristae
ii. Leucoplast and Starch
17. Give location and one function each of chloroplast, cell wall and vacuole?
18. Given below is a diagram of nucleus in animal cell.
i.Label the parts 1,2,3 and 4.
ii.Write the function of part 4.
iii.RBCs present in our blood lack nucleus. Is it true or false.

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. If cells of onion peel and RBC are separately kept in hypotonic solution. What will happen to
each of them? Explain
2. Q. observe the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow :

(i).Which cells of human body undergo this type of division?

(ii).Mention importance of this type of cell division?
(iii).Why the chromosome number has reduced to half in the daughter cells?
3. Which type of cells possess large sized vacuole? Give any three reasons to support your
answer.

4. Two sailors got marooned on the island, both of them were very thirsty and one of
the sailors tried to drink sea water. The other sailor immediately stopped him from
drinking the salty water of sea and suggested to wait for some help, stay calm and
patient.
(a) What would happen if the sailor drinks salty water?
(b) What is osmosis?
(c) Why The other sailor immediately stopped him from drinking the salty water?
5. Identify the following part of cell . Write it’s 2 functions.

6. Ananya was helping her mother in laying the table when they had some guest for
dinner. Ananya was about to sprinkle salt on salad for dressing. Her mother stopped
her from doing so and told that it is too early to sprinkle salt on the salad, she should
do so only when they are seated for having the dinner.
(a) What would happen if salt is sprinkled on the salad?
(b) Which property of cells is seen in adding salt to it?
(c) Why her mother refused to do so?
7. Name the type of cell division involved in formation of gametes.
Diagrammatically show this type of cell division.
8. Identify the role of cell organelle found in plant cell occupying its 50-90% of the cell volume.
9. Differentiate between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.
10. Why does the skin of your fingers shrink when you wear clothes for a long time?
11. How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell? Explain
12.

Which process is being demonstrated with the plant cell in the above diagram? Explain the
phenomenon with an example.

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS

1. The cell is considered the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are composed of
cells, which vary in size, shape, and function. Cells are classified into two main types:
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a true nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists,
have a defined nucleus and various organelles that perform specific functions. The plasma
membrane surrounds the cell, controlling the entry and exit of substances.
i)What is the fundamental unit of life?
a) Molecule
b) Atom
c) Cell
d) Organ
ii) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
a) Lack of nucleus
b) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
c) Simple structure
d) Found in bacteria

iii) What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

a) Energy production
b) Photosynthesis
c) Control of substance entry and exit
d) Protein synthesis
iv Which organisms have eukaryotic cells?
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) Cyanobacteria
d) both b) and c)
2. Cell division is a fundamental process that enables organisms to grow, develop, and repair
tissues. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a process
by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number
of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, involves the division of
germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of
chromosomes. While mitosis is essential for growth and repair, meiosis ensures genetic
diversity during sexual reproduction.
I) What is the primary purpose of cell division?
a) To produce gametes
b) To repair damaged cells
c) To generate energy
d) To synthesize proteins
II) Which type of cell division produces identical daughter cells?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
III)Meiosis is responsible for producing:
a) Identical offspring
b) Gametes with half the number of chromosomes
 c) Somatic cells
d) Plant cells
IV What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
a) It ensures genetic diversity
b) It produces diploid cells
c) It speeds up cell growth
d) It prevents cell division

3. a. Identify the following process.

b. Identify the following organism.
c. write the function of following process.
d. write the name of finger like projection made by following organism to engulf food.

4. Label the figure and answer the questions:

(i) A – It is the packaging organelle
(ii) B – Provides energy
(iii) C – helps in the transport of material
(iv) D – Carries the information.

5. Plasma membrane or Cell membrane is the outermost covering of the cell that separates
the contents of the cell from its external environment. The plasma membrane is flexible and
is made up of organic molecules called lipids and proteins. The flexibility of the cell
membrane also enables the cell to engulf in food and other material from its external
environment. The plasma membrane allows or permits the entry and exit of some materials
in and out of the cell. It also prevents movement of some other materials. The cell
membrane, therefore, is called a selectively permeable membrane.

Some substances like carbon dioxide or oxygen can move across the cell membrane by a
process called diffusion. There is spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of
high concentration to a region where its concentration is low. Similar thing happens in cells
 – some substance like CO2 (carbon dioxide is cellular waste and requires to be excreted
out by the cell) accumulates in high concentrations inside the cell. In the cell’s external
environment, the concentration of CO2 is low as compared to that inside the cell. As soon
as there is a difference of concentration of CO2 inside and outside a cell, CO2 moves out of
the cell, from a region of high concentration, to a region of low concentration outside the cell
by the process of diffusion.

Water obeys the law of diffusion. The movement of water molecules through such a
selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. The movement of water across the
plasma membrane is also affected by the amount of substance dissolved in water. Thus,
osmosis is the net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward a
higher solute concentration.

(I) The plasma membrane is made up of _____

(a) Proteins
(b) Lipids
(c) Proteins and Lipids (Lipoproteins)
(d) none of above

(II) Which of the following substance is known as cellular waste?

(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
(d) None of above

(III) Write 2 difference between osmosis and diffusion.

OR
Why cell membrane is known as selectively permeable membrane?
6. Observe the given diagram of a cell and answer the following questions.

(I) Identify Y and Z

(a) Y- Lysosome , Z- Chromosome
(b) Y- Cytoplasm, Z- Chloroplast
(c) Y-Cytoplasm, Z- Nucleus
(d) None of these

(II) What is the role of organelle U

 (a) provide water
(b) provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell
(c) give protection
(d) None of these

(III) Identify the organelle which is called the power-house of the cell and what is the name
of this organelle? Why it is called power house of the cell?
OR
The diagram is of plant cell or animal cell? Justify your answer
7. Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow :

i) Identify this Cell organelles? Where is ATP generated? Name the process
ii)Why is it called strange organelles? Why is inner membrane deeply folded?

8. Answer question numbers 17.1–17.4 on the basis of your understanding of the following paragraph
and the related studied concepts.
Mohan had a biology practical exam. The biology laboratory in his school had lots of microscopes
of different precision. When he reached the laboratory, he found that many microscopes were already
mounted with a slide. Just for fun, he went and looked at a slide through the microscope and found
the above image. He wasn’t able to identify the organism or type of organism, so he called his friend
Shyam to look at the slide. Shyam found out immediately what kind of organism this was.

17.1 What is this organism? [1]

17.2 How did Shyam find out the kind of organism? [1]
17.3 Give two examples of such kinds of organisms. [1]
17.4 What should a person ensure before looking at a slide through a microscope? [1]

9. Answer question numbers 18.1–18.4 on the basis of your understanding of the following paragraph
and the related studied concepts.

Ravi was traveling to his school to give his final exams. Today it was the science exam and he was
nervous. The teacher had told that there will be a surprise element in the exam that he didn’t know of.
When he reached the school, he found out that there will be a viva-voce exam for each of the
students. When his turn came, he was given a very small task. First he was shown the above two
images.
 18.1Help Ravi to correlate between these two images. [1]
18.2 What is the reason behind that correlation? [1]
18.3 Name the cell organelle other than mitochondria and nucleus which has its own genetic
material. (1)
18.4 In what form energy is produced in mitochondria? (1)
10. CASE BASED QUESTION:
Each cell has an outermost covering called cell membrane, which separates the contents of
cell from its external environment. It is selectively permeable membrane. Plant cells have
another rigid outer covering outside the plasma membrane called cell wall, which is made up
of cellulose and provides structural strength to plants.
(a) Cell wall is not found in the cell of
i. Bacteria ii.Fungi iii.Small plants iv.Worms
(b) Plasma membrane is made up of
i. Lipids ii. Proteins iii.Cellulose iv.Both (i) and (ii)
(c) What is the significance of cell wall in plant cell?
(d) Why is plasma membrane called selectively permeable membrane?
11. PASSAGE BASED QUESTION:
Plant cell nd animal cell have similar basic structures but they differ in some manners. Plant cells
have an additional outer covering called cell wall, which is made up of cellulose. Plant cells also
contain cell organelles like plastids, which are absent in animal cells. The two cells also differ in the
size and the location of vacuoles and nucleus. The plant cells have large vacuoles whereas vacuoles
in animal cells are small sized.
a. Which of the following is found only in animal cells and not in plant cells?
i.Lysosome ii. Ribosome iii. Centriole iv. Plastids
b. Which is called the storage sac of the cell?
i.Vacuole ii. Nucleus iii. Golgi body iv. Plastids
c. Why do plant cells have large vacuoles?
d. Name two organelles in plant cell that contain their own genetic material and ribosome.
12. CASE BASED QUESTION:
An experimental setup was prepared which consisted of two beakers. One beaker had water to which
some raisins have been added. In the second beaker saturated sugar solution was put in which some
raisins have been added. The setup was kept overnight.
i.What will the difference in the physical states of raisins be as observed in the two beakers? (1 mark)
ii.Which property of the cell membrane has resulted in the observations? (1 mark)
iii.What is isotonic solution? Name the type of solution in each beaker with respect to the raisins. (2
marks)
13. PASSAGE BASED QUESTION:
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life. Though the cells show diversity in cell
shape, size, number and function but all the eukaryotic cells have similar basic structure. A
eukaryotic cell has three functional regions: Plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. Cytoplasm of
the cell has a number of cytoplasmic structures: cell inclusions and cell organelles. Following
diagram is that of cell organelle which has special adaptations to perform the specific function.
 Observe the diagram and answer the questions listed below the diagram:

i. Identify the cell organelle and give its common name:

(a) Chloroplast; kitchen of the cell
(b) Mitochondria; powerhouse of the cell
(c) Lysosome; suicidal bags
(d) Ribosome; protein factory
ii. Identify the components labelled as X,Y and Z in the diagram:
(a) Crista, mitochondrial matrix and DNA
(c) DNA, mitochondrial matrix and crista
(d) Mitochondrial matrix, crista and DNA
iii. Select the function of the component labelled as X:
(a) Cellular secretion
(b) Protein synthesis
(c) Duplication of organelle
(d) Increases surface area of respiration
iv. Which of these labelled components is the site of Kreb’s cycle (breakage of pyruvate to CO ,
2

water and energy)?

(a) X (b) Y (c) Z (d) None of these
14. List in tabular form the main function(s) of each of the following cell organelles: (1+1+1+2)
Cell Organelles Function(s)
(a) Vacuoles
(b) Chromosomes
(c) Lysosomes
(d) ER {Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER) }
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
LA ( 5MARKS)
1. Name the cell organelle for the following:
(a) Present only in plant cell, provides strength and rigidity to the cell.
(b) It is the site for lipids synthesis and helps in detoxification of drugs.
(c) The inner membrane is folded to form cristae, it has its own DNA and proteins.
(d) It helps in the formation of lysosomes.
(e) It imparts colour to the fruit and flowers.
2. A group of students are performing activity to judge function of plasma membrane using
plant cell and de-shelled egg. They kept both the cell in distilled water and salty water
 separately in two beakers
(I) What they observe in cells placed in distilled water?
(II) What they observe in cells placed in salty water?
(III) They observe different observation in case of plant cell & de-shelled egg. What may be
the reason behind it?
(IV) What is plasmolysis? When can a living plant cell undergo plasmolysis ?

3. Read the following and answer the questions.

The type of plastids which help in photosynthesis is called chloroplasts. The plastid which helps in
photosynthesis is called chloroplasts. It is one of the most known of the plastids found in leaves of
plants. Chloroplasts are responsible for the photosynthesis process and they are mainly filled with
thylakoids. Thylakoids are the place of photosynthesis. So, we can say that they are the place for the
pigments to be stored and synthesized in the plant.
19.1Write the name of different plant parts in which leucoplast is present.
19.2 Which plastid helps in photosynthesis?
19.3 Write the name of the place of photosynthesis in chloroplast.
19.4 Is chloroplast present in animal cells?
19.5 How many membranes are present in plastid?

ANSWERS FOR MCQs

1. Modifying, sorting, and packaging molecules for transport

2. Phagocytosis
3. a) Increase in its volume
4. A) Nucleolus
5. d)Vacuole
6. (a) Chloroplasts change to chromosplasts
7. (b) Chromosome
8. (d) Lysosomes

9. Ans : iv) (a) and (d)

10. (d) Electron microscope

11. c. osmosis
12. b. they help in the process of cell division
13. a.Cytoplasm is also known as protoplasm
14. b. Plasma membrane
15. b. Endosmosis
16. d. Chloroplast
17. c.Cell membrane
18. c. Nucleus
19. b. lipids and proteins
20. b.Mitochondria
21. (b)Robert Brown
22. (c) Virchow (1855)
23. (d)Both (a) and (c)
24. (a) Locomotion
25. (d)Nerve cell
26. (c)A virus
27. (d) DNA and Protein
28. (b) Lysosomes
29. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
REASON: Plant cells have cell wall to counteract turgor pressure by exerting exactly equal
and opposite wall pressure. Wall pressure stops entry of water into plant cells beyond a
certain limit thus prevents their bursting.
30. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
REASON: Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis while leucoplasts are storage plastids.
31. b) Endocytosis.
32. Answer: (b) the concentration of water molecules in the surrounding medium is higher than water
molecules concentration in the cell.
33.
(c) (iii) and (iv)

34. (C)
35. (a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
36. c)
37. a)
38. Prokaryotic cell
39. b) diffusion
40. b
41. (b) Nuclear membrane
42. (c) Plasmolysis
43. (b) RBC
44. (b) Golgi bodies
45. (a) Centrioles
46. (a)Higher
47. (a) Mitochondria
48. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
49. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
50. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
51. (b) Nucleoid of prokaryote
52. (d) DNA and proteins
53. (b)Mitochondria
54. (a) i,iv,iii,ii
55. (d) Plasma membrane, cytoplasm and ribosome
56. (c) Water comes out of cells to develop equilibrium
57. (b) Chloroplast
58. (c)A is true but R is false
59. (b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
60. (d)A is false but R is true.
61. Plant cells have cell wall which helps to withstand much greater pressure changes taking place in
their environment.
62. Chloroplasts contain green pigment called chlorophyll which traps the solar energy and use it in
manufacturing of food by photosynthesis.
63. Viruses do not multiply on their own, they multiply only after they enter a living(host) cell. They use
the cellular machinery of host cell to multiply.
64.
65.
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1. Cancer cells as they need more amount of proteins for the formation of new cells.
2. The concentration of salt molecules is more outside the vegetables than inside. Hence due
 to osmosis water from the vegetables comes out
3. After 1 or two hours the solutions on both the sides of the semipermeable membrane will
become isotonic because of the process of osmosis.
4. X- Cell wall
Y- Vacuole
5. a. Lysosome helps in cleaning up the cell by digesting damaged materials of the cell.
Hence, they are called cellular scavengers.
b.Lysosomes are also called suicidal bags as enzymes contained in them can digest the
cell’s own material when damaged or dead.
6. If a plant cell is kept in a solution more concentrated than the cell sap i.e. in a hypertonic
solution, water moves out to the outside solution. Loss of water causes the vacuole to
shrink and pull the plasma membrane with the cell contents away from the cell wall. This
phenomenon is known as plasmolysis.
7. Golgi apparatus has the function of storage, modification and packaging of the products in
vesicles. If there were no Golgi bodies, packaging and dispatching of materials synthesised
by the cell will be stocked.
8. Amoeba take its food by the cell membrane which forms the food vacuole.

9. The significance of membranes can be illustrated with the example of viruses. Viruses lack
any membranes and hence do not show characteristics of life until they enter a living body
and use its cell machinery to multiply.
10. If an animal cell is put into an isotonic solution of salt and water, there will be no net movement of
water across the plasma membrane. In this situation, the cell will maintain the same size.
11. When dried raisins or apricots are put in plain water for some time, both of them gain water and
swell due to endosmosis.
When such swollen raisins or apricots are placed in concentrated salt/sugar solution, each of them
loses water and consequently shrinks again due to exosmosis.
12. If the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down then the cell will not be able to exchange materials
from surrounding by osmosis or diffusion, because plasma membrane regulates the movement of
substances in and out of the cell. Thereafter contents of the cell may leak out and the cell will die.
13. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are called semi- autonomous cell organelles as they have their own
DNA and ribosomes. Therefore, they can synthesize some of their proteins. For other proteins, they
are dependent on the nucleus.
14. After 1 hour the solutions on both the sides of the semipermeable membrane will become isotonic
because of the process of osmosis.
15. (i) Papaya- Chromoplast (ii) Grass- Chloroplast
16. i.Functional segment of DNA is called gene.
ii.Cristae are deep folds of inner membrane of mitochondria.
iii.Leucoplast are colourless plastid which store starch, e.g. potato tuber.
17. Chloroplasts: These are green plastids present in plant cells which help in photosynthesis.
Cell wall: It is a rigid, non - living wall present in plant cell which provides strength and shape to the
cell.
Vacuole: It is a fluid filled sac present in both plant and animal cell. As the size of vacuole is large in
plant cell thus its main function is to provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell.
18. i.1.Nuclear membrane; 2.Nuclear pore; 3.Chromatin; 4.Nucleolus
ii.Nucleolus is responsible for ribosome synthesis.
iii.True
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)
1. The onion cell will become turgid because the water will enter the cell due to osmosis. But
the cell wall provides its rigidity and does not let any harm to occur.
In RBC the movement of water inside the cell due to osmosis will lead to bursting of
the cell due to absence of cell wall in RBC.
2. i)Germ cells
ii)It forms sex cells or gametes that are responsible for sexual reproduction
It maintains constant number of chromosomes.
iii)Meosis creates cells that are destined to become gametes without the reduction in
chromosome number, the union of two gametes during fertilization would result in offspring
with twice the normal number of chromosomes.
3. Plant cells possess large sized vacuole
Reasons:
i)It contains cell sap which maintains turgidity in a cell
ii)For dumping of cellular wastes
iii)For storage
4. (a) On drinking sally water, exosmosis in the intestine will cause dehydration and vomiting.
(b) The movement of water molecules through a permeable membrane is called osmosis.
(c)To prevent exosmosis in the intestine .
5. Nucleus
Functions : controls all metabolic functions, central role in cellular reproduction, protein
synthesis etc.
6. (a)On sprinkling of some salt on the salad, the salad will release water.
(b) The salt outside the salad acts as hypertonic solution as it has less water concentration
and therefore the cell loses water by osmosis.
(c) To prevent loss of water from salad.
7. MEIOSIS is involved in formation of gametes

meiosis
8. Vacuole of plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell volume.
(Write any two roles of VACUOLES)
(i)In plant cells vacuoles are full of cell sap and provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell.
(ii)Many substances of importance in the life of the plant cell are stored in vacuoles. These
include amino acids, sugars, various organic acids and some proteins.
(iii)In single-celled organisms like Amoeba, the food vacuole contains the food items that
the Amoeba has consumed.
9. S.No. Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
1 Nuclear region is poorly defined due Nuclear region well defined
to the absence of a nuclear and surrounded by a
 membrane and known as nucleoid. nuclear membrane.
2 Chromosome single More than one
chromosome
3 Membrane bound cell organelle Membrane bound cell
absent organelle present
10. Clothes are mainly washed with soap or de-tergent solution. This solution is hypertonic as compared
to osmotic concentration of our skin cells. The washing solution, there- fore, results in exosmosis in
the skin cells that come in contact with it for some time. Due to this reason, the skin over the fingers
shrinks while washing clothes for a long time.
11. Substances move in and out of the cell by diffusion. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of
particles in order to attain equilibrium in concentration. While the movement of water through a
semipermeable membrane is called osmosis. It is important to note that plasma membrane is a semi-
permeable membrane. Water always moves from high water concentration to low water
concentration.

The substances like CO2 and water move in and out of a cell by diffusion from the region of high
concentration to low concentration. When the concentration of CO2 and water is higher in external
environment than that inside the cell, CO2 and water moves inside the cell.
12. Plasmolysis.
Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution.
Plasmolysis is the process of shrinking of plasma membrane from the cell wall when the cell is
placed in a hypertonic solution. This happens due to exosmosis as water moves out of cell into the
solution.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)
1. i) c) Cell
ii) b) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
iii) c) Control of substance entry and exit
iv) b) Fungi
2. i) b) To repair damaged cells
ii) a) Mitosis
iii) b) Gametes with half the number of chromosomes
iv) a) It ensures genetic diversity

3. a. endocytosis
b. Amoeba
c. taking food
d. pseudopodia
4. (i) A – Golgi body
(ii) B – Mitochondria
(iii) C – Endoplasmic reticulum
(iv) D – Nucleus
5. (I) (c) Proteins and Lipids (Lipoproteins)
(II) (b) Carbon dioxide
(III)
S.No. OSMOSIS DIFFUSION
1 Osmosis can only Diffusion can occur in all
function in a liquid three mediums (solid, liquid
 medium and gas).
2 Osmosis requires a Diffusion does not require a
semi-permeable semi-permeable membrane
membrane
OR
Cell membrane allows or permits the entry and exit of some materials in and out of the cell.
It also prevents movement of some other materials. Hence it is called as selectively
permeable membrane.

6. (I) (c) Y-C

(II) ytoplasm, Z- Nucleus
(II) (b) provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell
(III) Organelle-T is power house of cell; Name of this organelle- MITOCHONDRIA
OR
Plant cell; A large vacuole is only found in plant cell so it is a plant cell / Cell wall is present
in only plant cell.
7. i)Mitochondria
ATP is generated in inner mitochondrial membrane by a process called oxidative
phosphorylation

ii)Mitochondria possess their own DNA, replicate independently within cells, and play a vital
role in energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, so they are called strange
organelles.
The inner membrane of mitochondria is deeply folded to
increase its surface area, which in turn enhances the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation
and ATP production. These folds, known as cristae, provide more space for the proteins
and complexes involved in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis to be embedded.
This structural adaptation allows mitochondria to generate more ATP, the cell's primary
source of energy, by maximizing the available space for crucial biochemical reactions to
take place.
8. 17.1
Ans : It is a prokaryotic cell.
17.2 Ans : Shyam saw a poorly defined nuclear region due to the absence of a nuclear membrane. It
is the characteristic of a prokaryotic cell.
17.3 Ans: E. Coli., and Bacteria.
17.4
Ans: A sample of a cell on the slide should always be dried before being observed through a
microscope.
9. 18.1
Ans: Mitochondria inside the plant cells are called the powerhouse of a cell.
18.2 Ans: Mitochondria are tiny organelles inside cells that are involved in releasing energy from
food, that’s why they are known as powerhouse of the cell.
18.3 Ans: plastid
18.4 Ans:
Mitochondria produce and store energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) by cellular
respiration.
10. a. iv. Worms.
b. iv. Both (i) and (ii).
c. It provides support and strength, and gives a definite shape to the cell.
d. Plasma membrane allows the passage of only some selected molecules through it and
prevents the movement of other molecules. That is why it is called selectively permeable membrane.
11. a. iii. Centriole
b. i. Vacuole
 c. Because they serve as reservoirs of important substances like minerals, salts , sugars etc. and
contain cell sap that gives turgidity to the cells.
d. Mitochondria and plastids.
12. i. In the first beaker the raisins will become soft and mushy whereas in the second beaker the raisins
will shrink in size.
ii. Selectively permeable nature.
iii. The solution in which the concentration of water in medium is exactly the same as in the cell is
known as isotonic solution. In the first beaker the solution is hypotonic and in the second beaker it is
hypertonic.
13. i. (b) Mitochondria, Powerhouse of the cell
ii. (a) Crista, mitochondrial matrix and DNA
iii. (d) Increases surface area of respiration
iv. (b) Y
14. Vacuoles • To store important substances such as amino acids, sugars, organic
acids, some protiens and provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell.
Chromosomes • To provide information for inheritance of characters from parents to the
next generations.
Lysosomes • To act as a waste disposal system of the cell by digesting any foreign
materials as well as worn - out cell organelles.
ER {Rough • Site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic • Pathway for intracellular transport of materials
Reticulum • Site of lipid synthesis
(RER) • SER of liver cells plays role indetoxification of drugs.
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(SER) }
15.
16.
17.
18.
KEY 5 MARKS
1. . (a) Cell wall
(b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi apparatus
(e) Chromoplast
2. (I) Both the cells will gain water due to osmosis because the surrounding medium
concentration of water is more than inside the cells. The size of de shelled egg will increase
slightly.
• (II) When plant cells are kept in a concentrated salt solution, water will flow out from plant cells and
de-shelled egg due to the process of exosmosis, and thus, de-shelled egg will shrink
(III) Both in exosmosis and endosmosis the de shelled change its size but in plant cell the
content inside plasma membrane may absorb or loose water but since the plant cell contain
CELL WALL from outside their is no change in cell size.
Plant cell won’t shrink though there is loss of water due to cell wall.
(IV) When plant cells are kept in a hypertonic solution (i.e., a solution more concentrated
than the plant cell sap) they lose water due to the process of exosmosis. This causes
plasmolysis, a process in which protoplasm leaves cell wall and lies shrunk inside the cell.
3. 19.1 Root of the plant
19.2 Chloroplast
19.3 Thylakoids
19.4 No
 19.5 Ans 2 membrane
4.
5.