Motion in a Straight Line

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INTRODUCTION  
Here Displacement S == = 5iˆ =
S AD – iˆ 4iˆ m
The branch of physics in which motion and the forces causing \ |displacement| = 4 m
motion are studied is called mechanics.   
Also distance covered, 1 = AB + BC + CD = 2 + 3 + 2 =
As a first step in studying mechanics, we describe the 7m
motion of particles and bodies in terms of space and
time without studying the cause of motion. This part Here |displacement| < Distance
of mechanics is called kinematics. We first define
displacement, velocity and acceleration. Then, using Average Velocity
these concepts, we study the motion of the objects 
The average velocity Vavg is the ratio of the total displacement
moving under different conditions. In the second section 
of mechanics we study the motion of particles with the ∆r and total time (Dt) taken to complete that displacement.

reason behind the motion that is force. That section will It should be noted that Vavg is independent of path as
be known as dynamics
displacement is independent of path.
From everyday experience, we recognize that motion   
represents continuous change in position, so we begin our → ∆r r f − rin ....(2-2)
V avg
= =
study with change in position i.e. with displacement. ∆t ∆t
Unit for Vavg is the meter per second (m/s). The average
BASIC DEFINITIONS

  velocity Vavg always has the same sign as the displacement ∆r
Displacement ( S or ∆r ) :
Change in position vector of any particles or group of particles Average Speed
is called displacement.
Totaldistance travelled l
Its magnitude is minimum distance between final and initial Average speed = =
point, and is directed from initial position to final position. Total timeinterval ∆t
It is a scalar and always has positive sign.
For a particle moving along x axis, motion from one position
x1 to another position x2 is displacement, Dx where,
 KEY NOTE
Dx = x2 – x1
Magnitude of displacement would be equal to distance
If the particle moves from x1 = 4m to x2 = 12 m, then Dx = travelled if there is no change in direction during the whole
(12m) – (4m) = + 8m. The positive result indicates that the motion.
motion is in the positive direction. If the particle then returns
In general, |Displacement| ≤ |Distance|
to x = 4m, the displacement for the full trip is zero. The
|Average Velocity| ≤ |Average speed|
actual number of meters covered for the full trip is irrelevant
displacement involves only the original and final position.
In
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
 general
 if initial position vector
 and
 final
 position
 vector are
rin and r f respectively, then S = r f – rin = ∆r Q. Four persons A,B,C and D initially at the corners of a
square of side length ‘d’. If every person starts moving
Distance with same speed v such that each one faces the other
Length of total path traversed by a body during its motion is person diagonally opposite to him always, the person
called distance. will meet after time
It is dependent on the path chosen, thus for motion between d 2d
two fixed points A and B we can have many different values (a) (b)
v v
of distance traversed. It is a scalar quantity, as length of path
d d
has no indication of direction in it. Its SI unit is metre (m) and (c) (d)
dimensions is (L). 2v 2v
eg. Suppose a particle moves from position A to B as shown
after travelling from A to B to C to D.
y
Sol. (d)

B 3m C
2m 2d
2m
AO = BO = CO = DO =
D x 2
A d
(5,0) m =
(1,0)m 2
 hence Total time taken will be TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
distance Q. A body starts from rest and travels a distance S with
=
velocity uniform acceleration, then moves uniformly a distance
d 2S and finally comes to rest after moving; further 5S
=
2v under uniform retardation. Find the ratio of average
velocity to maximum velocity
Instantaneous Velocity 4 7
Instantaneous Velocity is defined as the value approached by (a) (b)
7 4
the average velocity when the time interval for measurement
3 7
becomes closer and closer to zero, i.e. Dt → 0. Mathematically (c) (d)
7 3
∆x
v(t ) = lim
∆t →0 ∆t
Sol. (a)
Thus instantaneous velocity function is the derivative with
dx(t )
respect to time of the displacement function. ν(t ) =
dt
Instantaneous Speed 1 2S 2S

=S = Vmax t1 or t1 = ; 2 S V=
max t2 or t 2
2 Vmax Vmax
It is the measure of how fast a particle or a body is moving
at a particular instant. It is the magnitude of instantaneous Totaldisplacement
1 10 S
velocity. Thus particle moving with instantaneous velocity = 5S =
Vmax t3 or t 3 ; Vav =
2 Vmax Total time
of + 5m/s and another moving with –5m/s will have same
instantaneous speed of 5 m/s. S + 2 S + 5S Vav 8S 4
Vav = 2 S
2S 10 S ;
= =
Vmax + Vmax + Vmax Vmax 14 S 7
 KEY NOTE
The speedometer in a car measure the instantaneous speed (OR)
not the instantaneous velocity, because it cannot determine Vav Totaldisplacement
the direction. = 
totaldisplacement   Displacement 
→
Vmax 
2 during acceleration  +  During uniform 
 and reatardaton   velocity 
   
Average Acceleration Vav 8S 8 4

\ = = =

  
∆v v − v1 Vmax 2 ( S + 5S ) + 2 S 14 7
a=
av =
∆t ∆t
The direction of average acceleration vector is the direction of  KEY NOTE
the change in velocity vector. For motion on a straight line its algebraic sign represents its
direction on an axis just as for displacement and velocity;
Instantaneous Acceleration that is, acceleration with a positive value is in the positive
The Instantaneous Acceleration (or simply acceleration) is direction of an axis, and acceleration with a negative value
the derivative of the velocity with respect to time. is in the negative direction.

 dv Uniform acceleration: A body is said to have uniform
a=
dt acceleration if magnitude and direction of the acceleration
In words, the acceleration of a particle at any instant is the rate
at which its velocity is changing at that instant. remains constant during particle motion.
Non-uniform acceleration: A body is said to have non-uniform
  
 dv d dr d 2r acceleration, if magnitude or direction or both, change during
a= = ( )= 2
dt dt dt dt motion.
In another words, the acceleration of a particle at any instant is
the second derivative of its position vector with respect to time. TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
Acceleration has both magnitude and direction (it is yet Q. A car starts from rest and travels with uniform acceleration
another vector quantity). a for some time and then with uniform retardation b and
comes to rest. If the total time of travel of the car is ‘t’,
the maximum velocity attained by it is given by
 αβ 1 αβ 2 A perpendicular is drawn from B to OC, a parallel line is
(a) t (b) t drawn from A to D, and another perpendicular is drawn from
(α + β) 2 (α + β)
B to OE (represented by dotted lines).
αβ 1 αβ 2 Following details are obtained from the graph above:
(c) t (d) t
(α − β) 2 (α − β) The initial velocity of the body, u = OA
Sol. (a) maximum velocity v = at1 = bt2 and t = t1 + t2 The final velocity of the body, v = BC
v v
+ =t ⇒ v =
( αβ ) t From the graph, we know that
⇒
α β ( α + β) BC = BD + DC
DERIVATION OF FIRST EQUATION OF Therefore, v = BD + DC
MOTION v = BD + OA (since DC = OA)
For the derivation, let us consider a body moving in a straight
Finally,
line with uniform acceleration. Then, let the initial velocity
be u, acceleration is denoted as a, time period is denoted v = BD + u (since OA = u)  ...1
as t, velocity is denoted as v, and the distance travelled is Now, since the slope of a velocity-time graph is equal to
denoted as s. acceleration a,
Derivation of First Equation of Motion by So,
Algebraic Method a = slope of line AB
We know that the acceleration of the body is defined as the a = BD/AD
rate of change of velocity.
Since AD = AC = t, the above equation becomes:
Mathematically, acceleration is represented as follows:
v−u BD = at  ...2
a=
t Now, combining Equation 1 & 2, the following is obtained:
where v is the final velocity and u is the initial velocity.
v = u + at
Rearranging the above equation, we arrive at the first equation
of motion as follows: Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Calculus Method
v = u + at Since acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, it can be
mathematically written as:
Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Graphical dv
Method a=
dt
The first equation of motion can be derived using a velocity- Rearranging the above equation, we get
time graph for a moving object with an initial velocity of u,
final velocity v, and acceleration a. adt = dv
Integrating both the sides, we get
Derivation of first equation of motion by graphical t v
method ∫0 adt = ∫u dv
B
E at = v − u
Rearranging, we get
v = u + at
v
Derivation of Second Equation of Motion
Velocity (v)

A D For the derivation of the second equation of motion, consider

u the same variables that were used for derivation of the first
equation of motion.
O
Time (t) C

Derivation of Second Equation of Motion by

In the above graph,
Algebraic Method
The velocity of the body changes from A to B in time t at a
uniform rate. Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement. This
is mathematically represented as:
BC is the final velocity and OC is the total time t.
 displacement Since BD = EA, the above equation becomes
velocity =
time 1 
=s  AD × EA  + ( u × t )
Rearranging, we get  2 
As EA = at, the equation becomes
Displacement = Velocity × Time
1
If the velocity is not constant then in the above equation we s= × at × t + ut
2
can use average velocity in the place of velocity and rewrite On further simplification, the equation becomes
the equation as follows:
1
 initial velocity + final velocity  s ut + at 2
=
displacement   × time 2
 2 
Derivation of Second Equation of Motion by
Substituting the above equations with the notations used in the Calculus Method
derivation of the first equation of motion, we get
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
u+v
=s ×t Mathematically, this is expressed as
2
ds
From the first equation of motion, we know that v = u + at. v=
dt
Putting this value of v in the above equation, we get
u + ( u + at ) Rearranging the equation, we get
=s ×t ds = vdt
2
2u + at Substituting the first equation of motion in the above equation,
=s ×t we get
2
ds = (u + at)dt
 2u at 
s=  + × t ds = (u + at)dt = (udt + atdt)
 2 2
On further simplification, the equation becomes:
 1 
s= u + at  × t s t t
 2  ∫ ds
=
0 ∫0 udt + ∫0 atdt
On further simplification, the equation becomes: 1
= ut + at 2
1 2
s ut + at 2
= DERIVATION OF THIRD EQUATION OF
2
MOTION
DERIVATION OF SECOND EQUATION OF
MOTION BY GRAPHICAL METHOD Derivation of Third Equation of Motion by
Derivation of second equation of motion by graphical method Algebraic Method
We know that, displacement is the rate of change of position
B
E of an object. Mathematically, this can be represented as:

 initial velocity + final velocity 

= displacement  × t
 2 
Substituting the standard notations, the above equation
v becomes
u+v
Velocity (v)

A D =s  × t
 2 
u
From the first equation of motion, we know that
O
Time (t) C v = u + at
Rearranging the above formula, we get
From the graph above, we can say that
v−u
Distance travelled (s) = Area of figure OABC = Area of t=
a
rectangle OADC + Area of triangle ABD Substituting the value of t in the displacement formula, we get
1  (v + u) (v − u)
s=  AD × BD  + ( OA × OC )
2  s=
2 a
  v2 − u 2  ds
s =   v=
dt ...............(2)
 2a 
2as = v2 − u2 Cross multiplying (1) and (2), we get
Rearranging, we get ds dv
a =v
v = u + 2as
2 2 dt dt
s v
DERIVATION OF THIRD EQUATION OF ∫0 ads = ∫u vds
MOTION BY GRAPHICAL METHOD
v2 − u 2
as =
B 2
E
v2 = u2 + 2as

RECTILINEAR OR ONE DIMENSIONAL MOTION

To study it we can choose an axis so that it coincides with the
v path of the object.
Velocity (v)

We may divide this topic in the following different situations.

A D
(i) Motion with constant velocity
u (ii) Motion with variable velocity but constant
O
acceleration
Time (t) C (iii) Motion with variable acceleration.
From the graph, we can say that Motion with constant velocity or uniform motion
The total distance travelled, s is given by the Area of trapezium or zero acceleration
OABC. x t
dx
Hence, v=
dt
⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ vdt
x0 0
S = ½ (Sum of Parallel Sides) × Height
S = (OA + CB) × OC Since velocity is constant, it comes out of the integration

Since, OA = u, CB = v, and OC = t [ x ]xx 0

= v [t ]0
t

The above equation becomes x – x0 = vt i.e., displacement Dx = vt

S = ½ (u + v) × t
Motion with variable velocity but constant
Now, since t = (v – u)/ a acceleration
The above equation can be written as: Basic formula
S = ½ ((u + v) × (v – u))/a dv
(i) a =
Rearranging the equation, we get dt
S = ½ (v + u) × (v – u)/a dv dx dv
(ii) a = ⋅ =v (By chain rule)
S = (v2 – u2)/2a dx dt dx
From formula (i)
Third equation of motion is obtained by solving the above
equation: dv
a= ⇒ dv = a dt;
v = u + 2aS
2 2
v
dt t

DERIVATION OF THIRD EQUATION OF ∫ dv = ∫ a dt

u 0
MOTION BY CALCULUS METHOD Since acceleration is constant so it comes out of the integration
We know that acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and [v ]uv = a ∫ dt
can be represented as:
\ v – u = at
dv
a=
dt ...............(1) ⇒ v = u + at  ... (i)
dx
= u + at
We also know that velocity is the rate of change of displacement dt
and can be represented as:
dx = udt + at dt Displacement in nth second = Displacement in n sec. – Dis-
on further integrating placement in (n–1) sec.
x t t
1 1
∫ dx = u ∫ dt + a ∫ t dt Snth Sn – S=
= n –1th
[u (n) + an 2 ] – [u (n – 1) + a (n – 1) 2 ]
2 2
x0 0 0
2 a
= ut + at
x
[ x] x0
\ Snth= u + (2n – 1) ...(v)
2
2
1 2
x – x0 = ut + at TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
2 Q. A body travels 200cm in the first two seconds and 220cm
1 2 in the next 4 seconds with deceleration. The velocity of
⇒ Dx = ut + at  ...(ii)
2 the body at the end of the 7th second is
From formula (ii)
(a) 20 cm/s (b) 15 cm/s
dv
a=v (c) 10 cm/s (d) 0 cm/s
dx
v x
Sol. (c) Let initial velocity and initial acceleration are ‘u’ and
   ∫ vdv = a ∫ dx
x0
‘a’ respectively
u
According to question,
v2 u 2
  – = a(x – x0) 1
2 2 200 = u × 2 + a × 22
2
    v2 = u2 + 2a(Dx) ...(iii)
⇒ 200 = 2u + 2a ........(i)
Taking a = v − u from equation (i) and putting it in equation 1
(200 + 220) = u × (2+4) + × a × ( 2 + 4 )
2
(ii), we get t
2
1v–u 2 ⇒ 420 = 6u + 18a ........ (ii)
Dx = ut +  t
2 t 
Solving eq. (i) and (ii) we get
v+u u = 115 cm/s
⇒ Dx =  t ...(iv)
 2 
a = – 15 cm/s2
Equation (i), (ii) & (iii) are the three basic equations of
(– ve sign shows deaccelaration)
uniformly accelerated motion.
Now,
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN v = u + at
Q. A person is running at his maximum speed of 4 m/s to catch ⇒ v = 115 + (–15) × 7
a train. When he is 6m from the door of the compartment the = 10 cm/s
train starts to leave the station at a constant acceleration of
1 m/s2. Find how long it takes him to catch up the train  KEY NOTE
(a) 2 sec (b) 3 sec Š If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform
(c) 4 sec (d) None acceleration then distance covered by the body in t sec is
1 2 proportional to t2 (i.e. s ∝ t2).
Sol. (a) 4t = 6 + at
2 • So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1
1 sec, 2 sec and 3 sec is 12 : 22 : 32 or 1 : 4 : 9.
⇒ 4t = 6 + × 1× t 2
2 Š If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform
⇒ t2 – 8t + 12 = 0 acceleration then distance covered by the body in nth sec
⇒ (t – 6) (t – 2) = 0 is proportional to (2n – 1) (i.e. sn ∝ (2n–1)
⇒ t = 2, 6
• So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in I
Hence, after 2 sec man will catchup the train sec, II sec and III sec is 1 : 3 : 5.
Displacement in nth second Š A body moving with a velocity u is stopped by application
Sn of brakes after covering a distance s. If the same body
moves with velocity nu and same braking force is applied
Sn–1 Snth on it then it will come to rest after covering a distance
of n2s.
 αβt
u2 (i) vmax =
• As v2 = u2 – 2as ⇒ 0 = u2 – 2as ⇒, s = , α +β
2a
• s ∝ u2, [since a is constant] αβt 2
(ii) s =
• So we can say that if u becomes n times then s becomes 2(α + β)
n2 times that of previous value. v 
(iii) average velocity =  max 
Š A particle moving with uniform acceleration from A to  2 
B along a straight line has velocities v1 and v2 at A and B ● If a particle starts from rest and moves with uniform
respectively. If C is the mid-point between A and B then accelaration ‘a’ such that it travels distances sm and sn
2 2 s −s
velocity of the particle at C is equal to u = u1 + u2 in the mth and nth seconds then a = m n
2 ( m − n)
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
Motion With Variable Acceleration
Q. The velocity of a particle moving in the positive direction
Relations:
v2 t2 of the X-axis varies as V = K S where K is a positive
dv
(i)
dt
=a ⇒ ∫ dv = ∫ adt constant. Draw V–t graph.
v1 t1
x2
dx
(ii)
dt
=v ⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ vdt
x1 (a) (b)
dv dv dx
(iii) a = = ⋅ (By chain rule)
dt dx dt
dv
\ a=v
dx
v2 x2 (c) (d)
\ ∫ vdv = ∫ adx
v1 x1

● Ratio of displacements in the 1sts, 2nds, 3rds... nths Sol. (a) V = K S

= 1 : 3 : 5:....:(2n–1)
Ratio of displacements in the first 1s, first 2s, first 3s dS S dS t
=K S ∴ ∫ =∫ K dt
.... etc.... is 1 : 4 : 9:.... etc. dt 0 S 0

● Moving with uniform acceleration, a body crosses a 1 22

\ 2 S = Kt and S= K t

point ‘x’ with a velocity ‘u’ and another point ‘y’ with a 4
velocity ‘v’. Then it will cross the mid point of ‘x’ and dS 1 2 1 2
⇒ =
V = 2t
K = K t
dt 4 2
‘y’ with velocity of v2 + u 2 .
2
● If a bullet looses (1/n)th of its velocity while passing
through a plank, then the no. of such planks required
2
to just stop the bullet is n .
2n − 1
\ V∝t
th
● The velocity of a body becomes  1  of its initial \ The V–t graph is a straight line passing through they
 
n origin.
velocity after a displacement of ‘x’ then it will come to
GRAPHS
x
rest after a further displacement of 2 .
n −1 Characteristics of S-t and V-t graphs
● Starting from rest a body travels with an acceleration Slope of displacement-time graph gives velocity
‘a’ for some time and then with deceleration ‘b’ and Slope of velocity-time graph gives acceleration
finally comes to rest. If the total time of journey is ‘t’, Area under velocity-time graph gives displacement
then the maximum velocity , displacement and average
Area under acceleration-time graph gives change in velocity
velocity are respectively
S-t Graphs Uniformly accelerated motion, u = 0 (S = 0) at t = 0
Body at rest V
S

t t
v=0
Uniform motion
S Uniformly accelerated motion, u = u (S = 0) at t = 0
V

u
t
S = vt
t
Uniformly accelerated motion u = 0 and S = 0 at t = 0
S Uniformly retarded motion till velocity becomes zero
V

u
t

Uniformly accelerated with u ≠ 0 and S ≠ 0 at t = 0 t0 t

S
Uniformly retarded then accelerated in opposite direction
V

u
t

Uniformly retarded motion till velocity becomes zero t

S t0

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN

Q. For the velocity-time graphs shown in figure, the total
t distance covered by the particle in the last two seconds of
t0
its motion is what fraction of the total distance covered
Uniformly retarded then accelerated by it in all the seven seconds?
S

t0 t

V-t Graphs
Uniform motion
V (a)
1/8 (b) 1/6
(c)
1/4 (d) 1/2
Sol. (c)
Distance = area under V-t graph
So, The distance covered in past two seconds is
t 1
V = Constant S1 = × 20 × ( 7 − 5 )
2
 = 20 m the same point with a velocity of ‘u’. If both the stone reach
And, The total distance covered is the water simultaneously then S1(t) = S2(t–x)

1 1 2 1 2
S 2 = × 20 × ( 3 − 1) + 20 × ( 5 − 3) + 20 gt = u ( t − x ) + g ( t − x )
2 2 2
= 20 + 40+ 20 TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
= 80 m
Q. A parachutist after bailing out falls 50m without friction.
S1 20 1 When parachute opens, it decelerates at 2m/s2. He
Therefore, required ratio = = =
S 2 80 4 reaches the ground with a speed of 3m/s. At what height,
did he bail out ?
MOTION UNDER GRAVITY
(a) 91 m (b) 182 m
Body projected vertically downwards and a freely (c) 293 m (d) 111 m
falling body: Sol. (c) m = 2 g × 50 (g = 9.8 m/s2)
For a body dropped from height h (initial velocity v2 – u2 = 2as, a = –2 m/s2
= 0) height at which he bails out = (50 + s)
Body Projected Vertically up:

When a body is projected vertically down then a = g; s = h,

and the equation of motion can be written as follow:
1 2 Acceleration (a) = –g and the equation of motion can be
(a) v = u + gt (b) h = ut + gt
2 written as follow:
g 1 2
(c) v2 – u2 = 2gh (d) Sn = u + (2n-1) (a) v = u – gt (b) s = ut – gt
2 2
In the presence of air resistance, the acceleration of a denser g
body is greater. (c) v – u = –2gh
2 2
(d) sn = u – (2n–1)
2
A freely falling body passes through two points A and B in Angle between velocity vector and acceleration vector is 180º
time intervals of t1 and t2 from the start, then the distance until the body reaches the highest point.
g 2 2
between the two points A and B is =
2
(
t2 – t1 ) At maximum height, v = 0 and a = g
A freely falling body passes through two points A and B at u2
H max = ⇒ H max ∝ u 2 (Independent of mass of the body)
distances h1 and h2 from the start, then the time taken by it to 2g
move from A to B is In the absence of air resistance, time of ascent and time of
descent are equal. (ta = td)
2h2 2h1 2
T=
g
–
g
=
g
( h2 – h1 ) ta = td =
u
⇒ T = ta + td =
2u
g g
Two bodies are dropped from heights h1 and h2 simultaneously. In the presence of air resistance, the time of ascent is less than
Then after any time the distance between them is equal to the time of descent.
(h2 – h1).
At any point of the journey, a body possess the same speed
A stone is dropped into a well of depth ‘h’, then the sound of while moving up and while moving down.
splash is heard after a time of ‘t’
Irrespective of velocity of projection, all the bodies pass
2h h g
= t + through a height in the last second of ascent.
g vsound 2
A stone is dropped into a river from the bridge and after ‘x’ The change in velocity over the complete journey is ‘2u’
seconds another stone is projected down into the river from (downwards)
 1
 KEY NOTE (a) Height of P is h = gt1t2
2
If a vertically projected body rises through a height ‘h’ in nth (b) Maximum height reached above the ground
1 2
second, then in (n–1)th second it will rise through a height = H g ( t1 + t2 )
8
(h+g) and in (n+1)ths it will rise through height (h–g). g ( t2 − t1 )
(c) Magnitude of velocity while crossing P is
If velocity of body in nth second is ‘v’ then in (n–1)th second 2
it is (v + g) and that in (n+1)th it is (v – g) while ascending A body is projected vertically up with velocity u1 and after
‘t’ seconds another body is projected vertically up with a
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN velocity u2.
(a) If u2 > u1, the time after which both the bodies will
Q. A person sitting on the top of a tall building is dropping 1
balls at regular intervals of one second. When the 6th ball u2t + gt 2
meet with each other is 2 for the first
is being dropped, the positions of the 3rd, 4th, 5th balls
from the top of the building are respectively ( u2 − u1 ) + gt
(a) 4.9m, 19.6m, 44.1m body.
(b) 4.9m, 14.7m, 24.5m
(b) If u1 = u2 = u, the time after which they meet is
(c) 44.1m, 19.6m, 4.9m
u 1 u 1
(d) 24.5m, 14.7m, 4.9m  +  for the first body and  −  for the
 g 2   g 2
1 2 second body.
Sol. (c) Hint: h = gt
2
Q. A stone projected vertically up from the ground reaches A rocket moves up with a resultant acceleration a. If its fuel
a height y in its path at t1 seconds and after further t2 exhausts completely after time ‘t’ seconds, the maximum height
seconds reaches the ground. The height y is equal to
1 2 a
1 1 2 reached by the rocket above the ground
= is h at 1 + 
(a) g ( t1 + t2 ) (b) g ( t1 + t2 ) 2  g
2 2
1 A body is projected vertically up with a velocity of ‘u’ from
(c) gt1t2 (d) gt1t2
2 ground in the presence of constant air resistance ‘R’. If it
reaches the ground with a velocity ‘V’, then
(a) Height of ascent = Height of descent
Sol. (c) mu
(b) Time of ascent ta =
mg + R
mV
(c) Time of descent td =
Distance Time mg − R
y → t1 (d) ta < td
y + 2x → t2
V mg − R
x →
t2 − t1 (e)
= (V < u )
2 u mg + R
t2 + t1 (f) For a body projected vertically up under air
y + x →
2 resistance, retardation during motion is > g
2
1 t +t  (g) If air resistance is considered, time of ascent
Now, y + x = 0 + g  1 2  ......(i)
2  2  decreases and time of descent increases ⇒ td > ta.
2
x= 0 + 1 g  t2 − t1  ......(ii) An elevator is accelerating upwards with an acceleration a. If
2  2  a person inside the elevator throws a particle vertically up with
From (i) and (ii) 2u
a velocity u relative to the elevator, time of flight is t =
1 g+a
y = g t1t2
2 In the above case if elevator accelerates down, time of flight
A body projected vertically up crosses a point P at a height ‘h’
2u
above the ground at time ‘t1’ seconds and at time ‘t2’ seconds is t =
to same point while coming down. Then total time of its flight g −a
T = t1 + t2
 A body projected vertically down from a tower with a velocity
 KEY NOTE ‘u’ reaches the foot of the tower after a time ‘t1’ with a velocity
The zero velocity of a particle at any instant does not ‘v1’. Another body projected vertically up from the tower with
necessarily imply zero acceleration at that instant. A same velocity reaches the foot of the tower after a time ‘t2’
particle may be momentarily at rest and yet have non-zero with a velocity ‘v2’. A freely dropped body reaches the foot of
acceleration. For example, a particle thrown up has zero the tower after a time ‘t’ with a velocity ‘v’, then
velocity at its uppermost point but the acceleration at that (a) t = t1t2
instant continues to be the acceleration due to gravity.
1
(b) h = gt1t2
2
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN 1
(c)
= u g (t1 − t2 )
Q. Water drops fall from a tap on to the floor 5.0m below at 2
regular intervals of time. The first drop strikes the floor (d) v= u 2 + 2 gh
1 v= 2
when the fifth drop beings to fall. The height at which the
third drop will be from ground, at the instant when the first (e) v = 2 gh
drop strikes the ground is (Take g = 10ms–2) Relative Motion in one dimensional motion
(a) 1.25 m (b) 2.15 m Velocity of one moving body with respect to other moving
(c) 2.75 m (d) 3.75 m body is called Relative velocity.
1 2 Two bodies are moving in a straight line in the same direction
Sol. (d) Hint: h = gt then, v12 = v1 – v2
2
Two bodies are moving in a straight line in the opposite
Body Projected Vertically up from a Tower direction then, v12= v1 + v2
A body projected vertically up from a tower of height ‘h’ with Two bodies moving with same velocity and in same direction
a velocity ‘u’ (or) a body dropped from a rising balloon (or) then, position between them does not vary with time.
a body dropped from an helicopter rising up vertically with Two bodies moving with unequal velocity and in same
constant velocity ‘u’ reaches the ground exactly below the direction then, position between them first decreases to
point of projection after a time ‘t’. Then minimum and then increases.
Two bodies moving with unequal velocity and in opposite
1 2 direction then, position between them first decreases to
(a) Height of the tower is h =−ut +
gt
2 minimum and then increases.
(b) Time taken by the body to reach the ground
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
u + u 2 + 2 gh
t= Q. A boy throws n balls per second at regular time intervals.
g When the first ball reaches the maximum height he
(c) The velocity of the body at the foot of the tower throws the second one vertically up. The maximum
height reached by each ball is
v = u 2 + 2 gh
g g
(a) 2 (b)
(d) Velocity of the body after ‘t’ sec. is v = u – gt 2 ( n − 1) 2n 2
g g
(c) 2 (d)
The height of the balloon by the time the body reaches the n n
u2
1 Sol. (b) Hint: h =
ground is gt 2 . 2g
2

ILLUSTRATIONS

1. The displacement of a particle, starting from rest (a) 2

(at t = 0) is given by s = 6t2 – t3. (b) 4
The time in seconds at which the particle will obtain zero (c) 6
velocity again is: (d) 8
Sol. (b) s = 6t2 – t3 5. A car starts from rest, moves with an acceleration a and
then decelerates at a constant rate b for sometime to
ds come to rest. If the total time taken is t. The maximum
= 12t − 3t 2
dt velocity of car is given by:
v = 12t – 3t2 = 0
abt a2t
(a) (b)
3t(4 – t) = 0, t = 4, 0 ( a + b) a+b
2. The coordinates of a moving particle at any time t are at b2 t
given by x = αt3 and y = βt3. The speed of the particle at (c) (d)
( a + b) a+b
time t is given by:
2 2 2 Sol. (a)
(a) 3t α 2 + β2 (b) 3t α + β

(c) t 2 α 2 + β2 (d) α 2 + β2
3
Sol. (b) x = αt3, y = βt
dx dy
 3t 2 ,  3t 2
dt dx
2 2
 dx   dy 
V       ,V 
 dt   dt 
 3t    3t 
2 2 2 2
a=
V max
r ....(1)
V  3t   
2 2 2
−Vmax
3. From the top of a tower a stone is thrown up and reaches −b =
(t − r) ....(2)
the ground in time t1 = 9s. A second stone is thrown down
with the same speed and reaches the ground in time from (1) and (2)
t2 = 4s. A third stone is released from rest and reaches the
abt
ground in time t3, which is equal to: Vmax 
(a) 6.5 s (b) 6s a  b
(c) 5 (d) 64 s
s 6. A particle of unit mass undergoes one dimensional
36
Sol. (b) t1 = Thrown up with speed u motion such that its velocity varies according to
v(x) = βx–2n where β and n are constants and x is the
t2 = Thrown down with speed u position of the particle. The acceleration of the particle
t3 = Dropped. as a function of x, is given by:
t ⇒ t 3 =t1 t 2
(a) –2nβ2 x–4n – 1 (b) –2β2 x–2n + 1
(c) –2nβ2 e–4n + 1 (d) –2nβ2 x–2n – 1
t  t 3  9  4  6s
vdv
4. When a ball is thrown up vertically with velocity v0, Sol. (a) a =
dx
it released from a height h. If one wishes to triple the
maximum height then the ball should be thrown with  x 2 n  2n  x 2 n1
velocity:  2n2 x 4 n1
(a) 3 vo (b) 3v0
7. The initial velocity of a particle is 10 m/s retardation is
(c) 9v0 (d) 3/2 v0 2 m/s2. The distance covered in the fifth second of the
Sol. (a) Ball is thrown vertically upward. motion will be:
∴ g = –ve, s = +ve, v = +ve (a) 2 m (b) 1 m
(c) 50 m (d) 75 m
2 (–g) h = 02 – v02, V
vo0 = 2 gh
Now h’ = 3h v = +ve g = –ve 1
2(–g) × 3h = 02 – v2 Sol. (b) S 4 = 10 × 4 − × 2 ×16 = 40 − 16 = 24
2
v  6gh 1
S5 = 10×5 − × 2× 25 = 50 − 25 = 25
2
v 6gh
   3v 0  v  v 0 3 ∴ S in 5th second = 25 – 24 = 1 m
v0 2gh
 8. A moving train is stopped by applying brakes. It stops 11. Which one of the following curve do not represent
after traveling 80 m. If the speed of the train is doubled motion in one dimension:
and retardation remains the same. It will cover a distance:
(a) Same as earlier
(a) V (b) V
(b) Double the distance traveled earlier
t t
(c) Four time the distance traveled earlier
(d) Half the distance traveled earlier
V
Sol. (c) 2as = v2 – u2 (c) V (d)

Now v = 0, u = u t t
2(–a) s = 02 – u2 Sol. (b) There cannot be two value of velocity of a particle at
a particular instant of time.
u2 12.
Ss =
2a
s ∝ u2 ( a = constant)
∴ if u will be doubled s will be 4 time
9. A rocket is initialized from the earth surface so that it
has a acceleration of 19.6 m/s2. If its engine is scratched
off after 5 second of its launch, then maximum height
attained by the rocket will be: Find the max acceleration:
(a) 245 m (b) 490 m (a) 18 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2
(c) 980 m (d) 735 m (c) 2 m/s2 (d) 10 m/s2
Sol. (d) Distance travelled by rocket in 5sec 20
Sol. (b) Slope OA
= = 1 m / s2
1 20
u =0, s = × 19.6 × 25 =245 m
2 Slope AB = 0 m/s2
Velocity attained = 19.6 × 5 = 98 m/s 60 − 20
Slope BC = = 4m / s 2 (maximum)
Distance travelled till velocity reached zero 40 − 30
2 × (–9.8)s = 0 – (98)2 −60 6
Slope CD = = − m / s2
98 × 98 10 70 7
=s × = 490 m 13. Two trains of length 50 m are approaching each other on
98 2
parallel rails. Their velocities are 10 m/sec and 15 m/sec.
∴ Height achieved = 490 + 245 = 735 m They will cross each other in:
10. (a) 2 sec (b) 4 sec
(c) 10 sec (d) 6 sec
Sol. (b) Total length to be travelled = 50 + 50 = 100 m
Relative velocity Vr = 15 + 10 = 25 m/s
100
∴ Time to cross= t = 4 second
25
Find the distance traveled by body in 4 seconds: 14. The displacement x of a particle moving in one
dimensional motion is related to time by equation
(a) 70 m = t x + 3 where x is in meters and t in seconds. The
(b) 60 m displacement when velocity is zero is:
(c) 40 m (a) 0 m (b) 1 m
(c) 9 m (d) 4 m
(d) 55 m
( t − 3)
2
Sol. (d) Distance = Area under graph Sol. (a) t = x + 3, x =

dx
1 1 = 2(t − 3) = velocity = 0
= × 1 × 20 + 1 × 20 + (30) × 1 + 10 dt
2 2
t=3
= 10 + 20 + 15 + 10
at t = 3 sec
S = 55 m ∴x = 0 m
 15. A bullet fired into a fixed block of wood loses half its 19. A particle moving along X-axis has acceleration f, at
velocity after penetrating 60 cm before coming to rest it t
time t, given by f 0 1 −  , where f0 and t are constants
penetrates a further distance of:  T
(a) 60 cm (b) 30 cm between t = 0 and the instant when f = 0, the particle’s
(c) 20 cm (d) 10 cm
Sol. (c) S = 60 cm velocity (vx) is:
u (a) f0T (b) f0T2
S = 0.6 m,=V = , uu = uu
2
2 1
u 3 u2 u2 (c) f0T3 (d) f 0T
2 × ( −a ) × 0.6 =   − u 2 , a = × = 2
2 4 1.2 1.6
f 0t
u Sol. (d) f  f 0 
Now, S’ = ?= u' = V 0 T
2
For t = 0 ⇒ f = f0
 u2  u 2 1 2 V= S= 1 f t
 2   S '  S= f0t 0
 1.6  4 2 t 2
1.2 for t = T
=
S ' = 0.2 m = 20 cm 1
6 V = f 0T
2
16. A particle has an initial velocity 3iˆ + 7ˆj on acceleration of
20. At a metro station, a girl walks up a stationary escalator
0.4iˆ + 3jˆ . Its speed after 10s is: in time t1. If she remains stationary on the escalator, then
(a) 10 units (b) 7 2 units the escalator take her up in time t2. The time taken by her
to walk up on the moving escalator will be:
(c) 7 units (d) 8.5 units
(t 1 +t 2 ) t 1t 2
^ ^
 ^ ^
 (a) (b)
Sol. (b) V = u + at = 3 i + 7 j +  0.4 i + 0.3 j  × 10
 
2 (t 2 – t1 )
t1t 2
7iˆ + 7 ˆj , | V |=
V= 7 2 units (c) (d) t1 – t2
(t 2 + t 1 )
17. A particle located at x = 0 at time t = 0, starts moving along
Sol. (c) For walking For standing
the positive x direction with a velocity V that varies as
S = V1 t1 S = V2 t2
VV=∝ x . The displacement of the particle varies with
time as: S S
∴ V1 = V2 =
(a) t1/2 (b) t3 t1 t2
If she would walk on moving escalator.
(c) t2
(d) t
S (V1 + V2 ) T '
=
Sol. (c) V µ x
1 1
dx dx S  +  ST '
=
 x
x 
 dt  t1 t 2 
dt
2 x  t  c 1 1 1
= +
T ' t1 t 2
∴ x ∝ t2
18. The velocity of a body depends on time according to the T’ – time taken by girl to reach on top on moving
equation V = 20 + 0.1 t2. The body is undergoing: escalator while walking on it.
tt
(a) Uniform acceleration T'= 1 2
t1 + t 2
(b) Non-uniform acceleration
(c) Retardation 21. A particle is released from rest from a tower of height
3h. The ratio of the intervals of time to cover three equal
(d) Zero acceleration
heights h is:
Sol. (b) V = 20 + 0.1 t2 (a) t1 : t2 : t3 = 3 : 2 : 1

acc
=
dV
= 2 ( 0.1 ) t = 0.2 t
(b) t1 : t2 : t3 = 1 : ( 3–2 )
dt (c) t1 : t2 : t3 =
Since acc ∝ t 3 : 2 :1

∴ Non-uniform acceleration (d) t1 : t2 : t3 = 1 : ( )(

2 –1 : 3– 2  )
Sol. (d) t1 – Cover h1 distance
2h
t2 – Cover h2 distance
=
g
( 3 − 2 +1−1 )
t3 – Cover h3 distance
2h
h1 = h =t3
g
( 3− 2 )
3h h2 = h t1 : t 2 : t 3 =1: ( 2 −1 :)( 3− 2 )
22. From a building two balls A and B are thrown such that A
h3 = h is thrown upwards and B downwards with same velocity.
Now, for S = 2h, g = g, u = 0 ...(i) VA & VB are the velocities on reaching the ground than:
(a) VB > VA
2h
t1 = (b) VA = VB
g
(c) VA > VB
1 (d) Velocity depends upon mass
∴ 2h =(t 2′ ) 2
2 Sol. (b) VA = VB. Since, the motion is uniform. The velocity at
each point is same so this velocity of A after coming
h back is also VA, just the defection is reversed. Thus,
t 2′ = 2
g VA = VB.
23. Which one of the following represents the x-t graph of
∴ t2 = t2′ − t1 two object A and B moving with zero relative speed:

h 2h 2h
= 2
g
−
g
=
g
( 2 −1 ) (a) (b)

2h
=t2
g
( 2 −1 ) ...(ii)

For S = 3h, u = 0, g = g
(c) (d)
6 h , t = t' – t – t
t3' ' = 3 3 2 1
g
Sol. (b) VRel = 0 as lines are parallel.
 Topicwise Questions
DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT 8. If the car goes from O to P and returns back to O, the
displacement and path length of the journey are:
1. A man goes 20 m towards north, then 30 m towards east (a) 0, 720 m (b) 720 m, 720 m
then his displacement is: (c) 0, 0 (d) 720 m, 0
(a) 37 m (b) 36 m
9. The displacement of a particle is given by x = (t – 2)2
(c) 40 m (d) 38 m
where x is in metre and t in second. The distance covered
2. An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south and then by the particle in first 4 seconds is:
flies 1200 m upwards, then net displacement is: (a) 4 m (b) 8 m
(a) 1200 m (b) 1300 m (c) 12 m (d) 16 m
(c) 1400 m (d) 1500 m
3. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of SPEED, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION
radius R in 80 sec. What will be his displacement at 10. A truck travels a distance A to B at a speed of 40 km/h
the end of 4 min 60 second?
and returns to A at a speed of 50 km/h, then what is the
(a) 2πR (b) 3πR average velocity of the whole journey?
(c) 2 R (d) Zero
(a) 34.5 km/h (b) Zero
4. An aeroplane flies from (–4m, –5m, + 8m) to (7m, –2m, –3m) (c) 35 km/hr (d) 40 km/hr
in the xyz coordinates. The aeroplanes displacement in
co-ordinate form is given by: 11. Which of the following changes when a particle is
(a) (3m, -4m, 5m) (b) (4m, –5m, 11m) moving with uniform velocity?
(c) (11m, 3m, –11m) (d) (11m, –6m, 7m) (a) Velocity (b) Speed
5. Let x1 and x2 be the positions of an object at time t1 and (c) Position (d) Acceleration
t2. Then, its displacement, denoted by A, in time ∆t = B, 12. An athlete participates in a race now he is moving on a
is given by the difference between the C and D position. circular track of radius 80 m completes half a revolution
Here A, B, C and D refer to in 20s. Its average velocity is:
(a) A → ∆x, B → t1 – t2, C → final, D → initial (a) 8 m/s (b) 16 m/s
(b) A → ∆x, B → t2 – t1, C → final, D → initial (c) 10 m/s (d) 12 m/s
(c) A → x, B → t2 – t1, C → initial, D → final
13. The motion of a particle is described by the equation x =
(d) A → ∆x, B → t2 – t1, C → initial, D → final a + bt2, where a = 10 cm , b = 15 cms–2. Its instantaneous
velocity at t = 3 second will be?
Directions: (Q. No. 6 to 8) Answer the following questions
(a) 10 cms–1 (b) 20 cms–1
based on given figure.
(c) 60 cms –1
(d) 90 cms–1
14. One car moving on a straight road covers one third of
distance with a speed of 20 m/s, other one third with
speed of 40 m/s and next one third with speed 60 m/s,
then the average speed of the car is:
6. The displacement of car in moving from O to P and its
displacement in moving from P to Q are (a) 32.7 m/s (b) 40 m/s
(a) + 360 m and –120 m (b) – 120 m and + 360 m (c) 31 m/s (d) 33 m/s
(c) + 360 m and +120 m (d) + 360 m and – 600 m 15. A car travel half the distance with constant velocity of
7. Which of the following statements is/are false? 40 kmph and the remaining half with a constant velocity
I. For motion of the car from O to P, the magnitude of of 80 kmph. The average velocity of the car in kmph is:
displacement is equal to the path length. (a) 32 km/hr (b) 53.3 km/hr
II. For motion of car from O to P and back to Q, (c) 43.2 km/hr (d) 42 km/hr
magnitude of displacement is equal to + 240 m. 16. An α-particle in a cyclotron changes its velocity from
III. For motion of car from O to P and back to Q, magnitude 30 km/s south to 40 km/s west in 10 second what is the
of displacement is not equal to the path length. magnitude of average acceleration during this time:
(a) Only I (b) Only II (a) 5 Km/s2 (b) 7 Km/s2
(c) Only III (d) None of these (c) 9 Km/s2 (d) 11 Km/s2
17. A particle is moving eastward with a velocity of 5 m/s. In 23. On turning a corner, a motorist rushing at 40 m/s, finds a
10 seconds, the velocity changes to 5 m/s northward. The child on the road 108 m ahead. He instantly stops the
average acceleration in this time is: engine and applies the brakes so as to stop it within 1 m of
(a) Zero the child, what time is required to stop it?
1 (a) 5.4 second (b) 6.4 second
(b) m/ s 2 (towards north − east)
2 (c) 3.9 second (d) 2 second
1
(c) m/ s 2 (towards north − east)
2 24. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 40
ms–1 from the top of a multistory building of 25 m high.
1
(d) ms −2 (towards north − west) How high will the ball rise from building?
2
(a) 20 m (b) 80 m
18. In one dimensional motion, instantaneous speed v satisfies
(c) 40 m (d) 10 m
0 ≤ v < v0.
(a) The displacement in time T must always take non- 25. A body starting from rest moves with constant
negative values acceleration. The ratio of distance covered by the
(b) The displacement x in time T satisfies – v0 T < x < v0T body during 8th second to that covered in 8 second is:
(c) The acceleration is always a non-negative number 15 15
(a) (b)
(d) The motion has no turning points 60 64
19. A vehicle travels half the distance with speed v1 and the 12
(c) (d) 1
other half with speed v2, then its average speed is: 15
ν1 + ν 2 26. A car moving with a velocity of 10 m/s can be stopped
(a) by the application of a constant force F in a distance of
2
20 m. If the velocity of the car is 30 m/s it can be stopped
2ν1 + ν 2
(b) by this force in:
ν1 + ν 2
(a) 100 m (b) 90 m
(c) 2ν1ν 2 (c) 180 m (d) 160 m
ν1 + ν 2
27. A particle moves for 50 seconds if first accelerates
(d)
( ν1 + ν 2 ) from rest and then retard or deaccelerates to rest. If the
ν1ν 2 retardation be 5 times the acceleration then the time for
retardation is:
MOTION WITH UNIFORM ACCELERATION (a) 25/3 second (b) 50/3 second
IN STRAIGHT LINE PATH, MOTION UNDER (c) 25 second (d) 100/3 second
GRAVITY 28. A truck travelling with uniform acceleration crosses
20. A bullet emerges from a barrel of length 1.2 m with a two points A & B with velocities 60 m/s and 40 m/s
speed of 640 ms–1. Assuming constant acceleration the respectively. The speed of the body at the mid point of A
approximate time that it spends in the barrel after the and B is nearest to:
bullet fired is: (a) 17 m/s (b) 20 m/s
(a) 40 ms (b) 4 ms (c) 19.49 m/s (d) 50.9 m/s
(c) 4 second (d) 0.4 second 29. An object of mass 10 Kg moves at a constant speed of 20
21. A particle having initial velocity 10 m/s moves with a m/s. A constant force, that acts for 5 second on the object
constant acceleration 5ms–2, for a time 15 second along gives it a speed 2 m/s in opposite direction. The force
a straight line, what is the displacement of the particle in acting on the object is:
the last 2 second? (a) 44 N (b) –44 N
(a) 160 m (b) 200 m
(c) –20 N (d) 20 N
(c) 210 m (d) 230 m
22. A ball thrown vertically upward with a speed of 19.6 m/s 30. A body thrown vertically upwards with a speed of
from the top of a tower returns to the earth in 6 second. 19.6 ms –1 from the top of a tower returns to the earth

What is the height of the tower? in 10 seconds. What will be the height of tower?
(a) 40 m (b) 58.8 m (a) 304 m (b) 308 m
(c) 50 m (d) 70 m (c) 310 m (d) 312 m
31. A splash is heard after 3 second after the stone is Paragraph for Q. 39 to 42
dropped into a well of depth 20 m. The velocity of Given questions are based on following passage. Choose
sound is: the correct option from those given below.
(a) 18 m/s (b) 28 m/s The position of an object moving along X-axis is given
(c) 20 m/s (d) 19 m/s by x = a + bt2, where a = 8.5 m, b = 2.5 ms–2 and t is measured
32. From a balloon rising vertically upward at 6m/s a stone in seconds.
is thrown up at 16 m/s relative to the balloon. Its velocity
39. The velocity at t = 0 s is:
with respect to the ground after 2 second is:
(a) 10 m/s (b) 4 m/s (a) 0 m s–1 (b) 10 m s–1
(c) 6 m/s (d) 2 m/s (c) 8.5 m s–1 (d) 2.5 m s–1
33. Water drops falls at regular intervals from a tap which is 40. The velocity at t = 2.0 s is:
8 m above the ground. The third drop is leaving the tap
(a) 10 m s–1 (b) 0 m s–1
at the instant the first drop touches the ground the second
drop at that instant, is at height: (c) 5 m s–1 (d) 2.5 m s–1
(a) 2 m (b) 6 m 41. The average velocity between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s is:
(c) 4 m (d) 6.05 m
(a) 30
34. Two balls A & B, mass of A is ‘m’ and that of B is ‘5m’
are dropped from the towers of height 36 m and 64 m (b) 15 m s–1
respectively. The ratio of the time taken by them to reach (c) 10 m s–1
the ground is:
(d) None of these
(a) 0.75 (b) 3/4
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) 5/2 42. The position of an object moving along X-axis is given by
35. A man throws a ball vertically upward and it rises x = a – bt2, where a = 8.5 m, b = 2.5 ms–2 and t is measured
through 40 m and returns to his hands, what was the in seconds. For the given situation, match the terms in
ascent initial velocity of the ball and for how much time Column I with the values of Column II and choose the
(T) it remained in the air?
correct option from the codes given below:
(a) T = 5 sec, u = 20 3 m/s
(b) T = 5.64 sec, u = 10 2 m/s Column I Column II
(c) T = 5.64 sec, u = 20 2 m/s A. Velocity of object at t = 2.0 s 1. – 15 ms–1
(d) None of these B. Velocity of object at t = 0s 2. – 10 ms–1
36. A lift is coming from 8th floor and is just about to reach C. Instantaneous speed of object at 3. 0 ms–1
4th floor. Taking ground floor as origin and positive t = 2.0 s
direction upwards for all quantities, which one of the D. Average velocity between t = 2.0 4. 10 ms–1
following is correct? s and t = 4.0 s
(a) x < 0, v < 0, a > 0 (b) x > 0, v < 0, a < 0 Codes:
(c) x > 0, v < 0, a > 0 (d) x > 0, v > 0, a < 0 (a) A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4
MOTION WITH NON-UNIFORM ACCELE- (b) A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1
RATION, APPLICATION OF CALCULUS (c) A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
37. The velocity of the particle at any time t is given by (d) A-3 B-2 C-1 D-4
V = 2t(3 – t) ms–1. At what time is its velocity maximum?
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MOTION
(a) 2 second (b) 1.5 seconds
(c) 1 second (d) 5 second 43. The slope of the tangent to the v - t curve gives the
value of:
38. The acceleration a of the body starting from rest varies
with time following the equation a = 8t + 5. The velocity (a) Instantaneous acceleration
of the body at time t = 2 sec will be: (b) Instantaneous velocity
(a) 22 m/s (b) 26 m/s (c) Average acceleration
(c) 28 m/s (d) 30 m/s (d) Centripetal acceleration
44.
(a) (b)

(c) (d) 
With reference to the above graph there are three
statements given below. Which of the statement(s)
is/are correct?
47. The velocity-time graph for motion with constant
I. The acceleration is non-uniform over, the period 0 s to
acceleration for an object moving in positive direction
10 s
with a negative acceleration is:
II. The acceleration is zero between 10 s to 18 s
III. The acceleration is constant with value –12 ms–2
between 18 s to 20 s (a) (b)

Choose the correct option from those given below.

(a) Only I (b) I and II
(c) II and III (d) I, II and III (c) (d)
45. Match the terms in Column I with items (position-time
graph) in Column II and choose the correct option from
the codes given below:
48. An object is moving in negative direction with a negative
Column I Column II acceleration. The velocity-time graph with constant
acceleration which represents the above situation is:
A. Positive acceleration 1.

(a) (b)

B. Negative acceleration 2.

(c) (d) 

C. Zero acceleration 3.
49. The v-t curve shown above is a straight line parallel to
time-axis. The displacement in the time interval t = 0 and
t = T is equal to

Codes:

(a) A-1 B-2 C-3

(b) A-1 B-3 C-2
(c) A-2 B-1 C-3
(d) A-3 B-2 C-1 (a) μT
(b) Area of the rectangle of height μ and base T
46. An object is moving in a positive direction with a positive
acceleration. The velocity-time graph with constant (c) Both (a) and (b)
acceleration which represents the above situation is: (d) Slope of the curve
50. The displacement time graph for two particles A & B are 53. An elevator car whose floor to ceiling distance is equal
straight line inclined at the angles of 30° & 45° with the to 3.8m, starts ascending with constant acceleration of
time axis. The ratio of velocities of VA : VB is:
2.2 m/s2, 4 second after the start a bolt begins falling from
(a) 1 (b) 2 3 the ceiling of the car. The free fall time of the bolt is:
3
(a) 0.132 second
2
(c) (d) 3 (b) 0.931 second
3
(c) 1 second
51. Among the four graph shown in the figure there is only
one graph for which average velocity over the time (d) 0.795 second
interval (0, T) can vanish for a suitably chosen T. Which 54. Two trains one 60 m long and other is 80 m long are
one is it?
travelling in opposite direction with velocity 10 m/s and
x 25 m/s. The time of crossing is:
(a) (b) (a) 4 second (b) 5 second
(c) 6 second (d) 3 second
t
55. Two trains are moving with equal speed in opposite
x x directions along two parallel railway tracks. If the wind is
(c) (d)  blowing with speed u along the track so that the relative
velocities of the trains with respect to the wind are in the
t t ratio 1 : 2, then the speed of each train must be:
RELATIVE MOTION IN 1 D (a) 3u (b) 2u
(c) 5u (d) 4u
52. A bus begins to move with an acceleration of 1 ms–2. A
56. Two balls are dropped from same height at 1 second
man who is 48 m behind the bus starts running at 10 ms–1
interval of time. The separation between the two balls
to catch the bus. The man will be able to catch the bus
after 4 second of the drop of the 1st ball is:
after:
(a) 30 m (b) 35 m
(a) 6 s (b) 12 s
(c) 3 s (d) 8 s (c) 40 m (d) 48 m

Learning Plus
1. The numerical ratio of distance to displacement is: 4. A particle is moving with a constant speed V in a
(a) Always equal to one circle. What is the magnitude of average velocity after
(b) Always less than one one-fourth rotation?
(c) Always greater than one
(d) Equal to or more than one (a) πV (b) 2V
2 π
2. A wheel of radius 3 m rolls forward half a revolution on a
horizontal ground.The magnitude of the displacement of the πR
(c) 2 2V (d)
point of the wheel initially in contact with the ground is: π 2V
(a) 2π m (b) 2π m 5. A bullet fired into a fixed target loses half of its velocity
after penetrating 4 cm. How much further it will penetrate
(c) π2 + 4 m (d) 3 π2 + 4 
before coming to rest assuming that it faces constant
3. The displacement of a body along x-axis depends on resistance to motion?
time as x = 3t + 5 . Then the velocity of body:
(a) 0.2 cm (b) 5 cm
(a) Increase with time (b) Independent of time
(c) 3 cm (d) 1.33 cm
(c) Decrease with time (d) None of these
 6. A juggler maintains four balls in motion making each 14. The x-t graph for motion of a car is given below. With
of them to rise of height of 40m from his hand, what reference to the graph which of the given statement (s)
time interval should be maintain for the proper distance is/are correct?
between them?
(a) 1.71 seconds (b) 2.14 seconds
(c) 1.41 seconds (d) 4 seconds
7. A particle start from rest with a velocity of 10 m/s and
moves with a constant acceleration till the velocity
increases to 100 m/s. At an instant the acceleration is
simultaneously reversed, what will be the velocity of the
A. The instantaneous speed during the interval t = 5 s
particle when it comes back to the starting point?
to t = 10 s is negative at all time instants during the
(a) 10 m/s (b) 20 m/s
interval.
(c) 30 m/s (d) 40 m/s B. The velocity and the average velocity for the interval
8. Two balls of different masses ma & mb are dropped t = 0 s to t = 5 is equal and positive.
from two different heights a and b. The ratio of the C. The car changes its direction of motion at t = 5 s
time taken by balls to cover these distances are: D. The instantaneous speed and the instantaneous velocity
(a) 1 (b) a / b is positive at all time instants during the interval t = 0 s to
(c) b : a (d) a : b t=5s
9. A stone is dropped from a bridge at a height of 180 m over Choose the correct option:
a river. After 3 second, a second ball is thrown straight (a) A, B and C (b) B and C
downwards. What should be the initial velocity of the (c) B, C and D (d) A, B, C and D
second ball so that both hit the water simultaneously?
15. An object is moving in positive direction till time t and
(a) 45 m/s (b) 46 m/s then turns back with the same negative acceleration.
(c) 50 m/s (d) 55 m/s The velocity time graph which best describes the
situation is:
10. When a ball is thrown up vertically with velocity V0, it
reaches a maximum height of h. If one wishes to triple
the maximum height then the ball should be thrown with (a) (b)
velocity:
(a) 3V0 (b) 3 V0
(c) 9 V0 (d) 3/2 V0
11. A body thrown upwards with some velocity reaches (c) (d) 
the maximum height of 50 m. Another body with
double the mass thrown up with four times the initial
16. A particle starts from rest at t = 0 and moves in a straight
velocity will reach a maximum height of: line with an acceleration shown below. The velocity of
(a) 600 m (b) 200 m the particle at t = 3 s is:
(c) 800 m (d) 100 m
12. A ball is projected vertically upwards, the time
corresponding to height h while ascending and while
descending are t1 and t2 respectively. Then the velocity of
projection is:
(a) g(t1 + t 2 ) (b) t1 + t2
2
(c) 2g(t1 + t2) (d) 3 g(t1 + t 2 ) (a) 5 m/s (b) 6 m/s
2
(c) 10 m/s (d) 15 m/s
13. If the velocity of a car is given by v = (150 – 10x)1/2 m/s.
If car retards their motion by applying brakes then what 17. A train of 200 m long travelling at 50 m/s overtakes
will be the acceleration? another train 130 m long travelling at 30 m/s. The time
taken by the first train to pass the second train is:
(a) 1 m/s2 (b) 2 m/s2
(a) 15 second (b) 17 second
(c) 5 m/s 2
(d) –5 m/s2
(c) 16.5 second (d) 18 second
18. The distance between two trucks moving towards each 22. On a long horizontally moving belt, a child runs to and fro
other is decreasing at the rate of 10 m/s. If these trucks with a speed 9 km h–1 (with respect to the belt) between his
travel with same speeds in same direction the separation father and mother located 50 m apart on the moving belt.
increases at the rate of 5 m/s. The velocity of the trucks are: The belt moves with a speed of 4 km h–1. For an observer on
(a) V1 = 8.5 m/s , V2 = 1.5 m/s a stationary platform, the speed of the child running in the
direction of motion of the belt is:
(b) V1 = 7.5 m/s , V2 = 2.5 m/s
(a) 4 km h–1 (b) 5 km h–1
(c) V1 = 5 m/s , V2 = 5 m/s
(c) 9 km h–1 (d) 13 km h–1
(d) None of these
23. From a building two balls A and B are thrown such that A is
19. A bus is moving with a speed of 10 m/s on the straight road.
thrown upwards and B downwards with same velocity.
A scooterist wishes to overtake the bus in 50 seconds. If
VA & VB are the velocities on reaching the ground then:
the bus is at a distance of 1 km from the scooterist, with
(a) VB > VA
what speed should the scooterist chase the bus?
(b) VA = VB
(a) 50 m/s (b) 60 m/s
(c) VA > VB
(c) 80 m/s (d) 30 m/s
(d) Velocity depends upon mass
20. A rocket travelling at a speed of 200 m/s ejects its 24. An object falling through a fluid is observed to have
products of combustion at the speed of 1200 m/s relative acceleration given by a = g – bv where g = gravitational
to the rocket, then the speed of escaping vapours with acceleration and b is constant. After a long time of release,
respect to the person on the ground is: it is observed to fall with constant speed. The value of
constant speed is
(a) 1000 ms–1 (b) 1200 m/s g b
(a) (b)
(c) 1400 m/s (d) 200 m/s b g
(c) bg (d) b
21. Two sphere of same size, one of mass 2kg and another of
mass 4 kg, are dropped simultaneously from the top of 25. The velocity υ and displacement r of a body are related as
Qutab Minar (height = 72 m). When they are 1 m above υ2 = kr, where k is a constant. What will be the velocity after
the ground, the two spheres have the same: 1 second? (Given that the displacement is zero at t = 0).
3/2
(a) kr (b) kr 
(a) Momentum (b) Kinetic energy
(c) k r 0 (d) Data is not sufficient
(c) Potential energy (d) Acceleration 2

Multiconcept MCQs
1. A ball is dropped on the floor from a height of 10 m. It (a) 111 m
rebounds to a height of 2.5 m. If the ball is in contact with (b) 170 m
the floor for 0.01 second, the average acceleration during (c) 153 m
contact is: (d) 120 m
(a) 2121 m/s2 downward (b) 2121 m/s2 upward 3. A balloon is rising vertically up with a velocity of 30
m/s. A stone is dropped from it reaches the ground in 8
(c) 1400 m/s2 (d) 700 m/s2 seconds. The height of the balloon when the stone was
2. A shuttle cork hitted upward from badminton racket with dropped from it is:
a velocity of 50 m/s and it reaches 3 m from the hitting (a) 80 m
point in last seconds of its upward journey. If the same (b) 100 m
shuttle cork is hitted upward with a velocity of 200 m/s,
(c) 85 m
then what will be the distance travelled in last second of
its upward journey? (d) 95 m
4. A bird is tossing (flying to and fro) between two cars 9. A body is at rest at x = 0. At t = 0, it starts moving
moving towards each other on a straight road. One car in the positive x-direction with a constant acceleration.
has speed of 27 km h–1 while the other has the speed of At the same instant another body passes through x = 0
18 km h–1. The bird starts moving from first car towards moving in the positive x-direction with a constant speed.
the other and is moving with the speed of 36 km h–1 when The position of the first body is given by x1 (t) after
the two cars were separated by 36 km. The total distance
‘t’ and that of the second body by x2 (t) after the same
covered by the bird is:
time interval. Which of the following graphs correctly
(a) 28.8 km (b) 38.8 km describes (x1 –x2) as a function of time ‘t’ ?
(c) 48.8 km (d) 58.8 km
5. A stone is dropped from the top of tall cliff and n seconds
later another stone is thrown vertically downwards with
a velocity u. Then the second stone overtakes the first, (a) (b)
below the top of the cliff at a distance given by:
2 2
  gn    u 
nu −  n − gn  
 g   2
(a) g   2  (b)  
2  ( u − gn )  2  ( u − gn ) 
   
2 2
 u   
n − gn  
g   2  g  ( u − gn )  (c) (d)
(c)  (d)  
2  u   5  u 
  2 − gn     2 − gn  

6. A ball is released from the top of a tower of height h. It 10. Aparticle starts moving rectilinearly at time t = 0 such that its
taken T seconds to reach the ground. What is the position velocity ‘v’ changes with time ‘t’ according to the equation
of the ball at T/3 seconds?
v = t2 – t where t is in seconds and v is in m/s. The time
(a) h/9 from ground (b) 7h/9 form ground interval for which the particle retards is: 
(c) 8h/9 from ground (d) 17h/18 from ground (a) t < 1/2
7. A particle traveling along a straight line traverse one third (b) 1/2 < t < 1
of the total distance with a velocity V0. The remaining
(c) t > 1
part of the distance was covered with a velocity V1 for
half the time and velocity V2 for the other half of the (d) t < 1/2 and t > 1
time. Find the mean velocity of the point averaged over 11. A particle moving with uniform acceleration has average
the whole motion of time: velocities V1, V2 and V3 over the successive intervals of
3V0 (V1 + V2 ) V0 (V1 + V2 ) (V - V )
(a) (b) time t1 , t2 and t3 respectively. The value of 1 2 will
V1 + V2 + 12V0 V1 + V2 + 12V0 V2 - V3
be:
V0 V1 + V2 + V0
(c) (d)
V1 + V2 + V0 V0 t1 − t 2
 (a) (b) t1 − t 2
t 2 − t3 t 2 + t3
8. Two bikes A and B are moving in the same direction with
velocities uA and uB (uA > uB). When the bike A is at a (c) t1 + t 2 (d) t1 + t 2 
distance s behind the bike B, the driver of the bike A t 2 − t3 t 2 + t3
applies breaks producing a uniform retardation α. There
12. The relation between time and displacement is t = αx2 +
collision in the two bikes is avoided only when:
βx, where α, β are constants. The retardation is:
(uA − uB )
2

(a) s < (a) 2 α v3 (b) 2 β v3

2α (c) 2 α β v3
(d) 2 β2 v3
(u − uB )
2

(b) s= A only 13. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower of height
2α h. After 1 second another stone is dropped from the
(uA − uB ) balcony 20 m below the top, both reach the bottom
2

(c) s ≥ simultaneously. What is the value of h?

2α
(u − uB )
2
(a) 31.25 m (b) 100 m
(d) s≤ A (c) 120 m (d) 130 m
2α
 14. A crazy ball is dropped on to the floor from the hand of the 15. A particle moves along a straight line OX. At a time t (in
children from the height of 2 m. It rebounds to the height seconds) the distance x (in metres) of the particle from O
of 1.5 m. If the ball was in contact with the floor for 0.02 is given by x = 20 + 14t – t3. How long would the particle
second, what was the average acceleration during contact? travel before coming to rest:
1 1
(a) 544.5 ms–2 (b) 600 ms–2 (a) (3) 2 (b) (5) 2
1
(c) 589.5 ms–2 (d) 400 ms–2 (c) (8)
1
2
(d) (18) 2

NEET Past 10 Years Questions

1. A toy car with charge q moves on a frictionless horizontal 5. If the velocity of a particle is v = At + Bt2, where A and
plane surface under the influence of a uniform electric B are constants, then the distance travelled by it between
 
field E . Due to the force qE , its velocity increases from 1 s and 2 s is: (2016 - I)
0 to 6 m/s in one second duration. At that instant the
direction of the field is reversed. The car continues to (a) 3 A + 4B (b) 3A + 7B
move for two more seconds under the influence of this 2
field. The average velocity and the average speed of the A B
toy car between 0 to 3 second are respectively (c) 3 A + 7 B (d) +
2 3 2 3
 (2018)
6. A particle of unit mass undergoes one dimensional motion
(a) 1 m/s, 3.5 m/s (b) 1 m/s, 3 m/s
such that its velocity varies according to v(x) = βx–2n where
(c) 2 m/s, 4 m/s (d) 1·5 m/s, 3 m/s
β and n are constants and x is the position of the particle. The
2. Preeti reached the metro station and found that the escalator acceleration of the particle as a function of x, is given by:
was not working. She walked up the stationary escalator  (2015)
in time t1. On other days, if she remains stationary on the
moving escalator, then the escalator takes her up in time t2. (a) –2nβ2 x–4n – 1 (b) –2β2 x–2n + 1
The time taken by her to walk up on the moving escalator
(c) –2nβ2 e–4n + 1 (d) –2nβ2 x–2n – 1
will be: (2017-Delhi)
t1t 2 t1t 2
7. A stone falls freely under gravity. It covers distances h1, h2
(a) (b)
t 2 − t1 t 2 + t1 and h3 in the first 5 seconds, the next 5 seconds and the next
5 seconds respectively. The relation between h1, h2 and h3 is:
(c) t2 – t1 (d) t1 + t 2 
2  (2013)
3. The ‘x’ and ‘y’ coordinates of the particle at any time are
‘x’ = 5t – 2t2 and ‘y’ = 10t, respectively, where ‘x’ and ‘y’ (a) h1 = h2 = h3
are in metres and ‘t’ in seconds. The acceleration of the (b) h1 = 2h2 = 3h3
particle at t = 2 s is:  (2017-Delhi)
h 2 h3
(a) 5 m/s 2
(b) –4 m/s 2 (c) h=
1 =
3 5
(c) –8 m/s 2
(d) 0
(d) h2 = 3h1 and h3 = 3h2
4. Two cars P and Q start from a point at the same time
in a straight line and their positions are represented by 8. The motion of a particle along a straight line is described
XP(t) = at + bt2 and XQ(t) = ft – t2. At what time do the by equation : x = 8 + 12t – t3 where x is in metre and t
cars have the same velocity? (2016 - II) in second. The retardation of the particle when its velocity
a+f f −a becomes zero, is:
(a) (b)
2 (1 + b ) 2 (1 + b )  (2012 Pre)

a −f a+f (a) 24 ms–2 (b) Zero

(c) (d) 
1+ b 2 ( b − 1) (c) 6 ms –2
(d) 12 ms–2
 ANSWER KEY

Topicwise Questions
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (a)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (a)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49. (c) 50. (a)
51. (c) 52. (d) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (a) 56. (b)

Learning Plus
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c)

Multiconcept MCQs
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b)

NEET Past 10 Years Questions

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (d)
 Motion in a Straight Line

Topicwise Questions
 4. (c) Displacement = (7m, –2m, –3m) – (–4m, –5m, +8m)
1. (b) Position of the man = r 30i + 20j ; initial position
 = (11m, 3m, –11m)
r0= 0i + 0j
  5. (b) Displacement is denoted by ∆x, in time ∆t = t2 – t1
Displacement = change in position =r − r0 =20i + 30j
is given by the difference between final position (t2)
( 20 ) + ( 30 )
2 2
=
Magnitude of displacement is and initial position (t1).
=r 400 + 900 = 1300 36.05 m
= 6. (a) Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1
2. (a) An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south so let For journey, displacement of car moving from O to P,
aeroplane starts there journey from point O x2 = +360 m x1 = 0 m
⇒ ∆x = x2 – x1 = 360 – 0 = + 360 m
N
For journey, displacement in moving from P to Q
300m
400m x2 = + 240 m x1 = + 360 m
W E
⇒ ∆x = x2 – x1 = 240 – 360 = – 120 m
Here, –ve sign implies that the displacement is in –ve
100m S
O direction i.e., towards left.
7. (d) For motion of the car from O to P
Net displacement of the plane is 100 m, after it flies
1200 m upward; so the displacement or position is- Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1 = + 360 m – 0 m = + 360 m

=r 100i + 1200j Path length = Distance OP = 360

=
Magnitude of displacement =r (100 )
2
+ (1200 )
2 So, displacement and path length are same.

For motion of the car from O to P and back to Q

r = 10000 + 1440000 =1204 m
Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1 = + 240 m – 0 m = + 240 m
= 1204 m  1200
Path length = OP + PQ = + 360 m + (+ 120 m)
= + 480 m = 480 m
3. (c) So, displacement and path length are not equal.
8. (a) Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1 = 0 – 0 = 0 m
Path length of the journey
∴ Displacement is line segment AB = OP + PO = + 360 m + (+ 360)m = 720 m
AB = R2 + R2 = 2R
 9. (b) Given, x = (t – 2)2 Total distance / displacement
15. (b) Average velocity =
dx d Total time
= ( t − 2 ) = 2 ( t − 2 ) m/s
2
Velocity, v =
dt dt Total time = t1 + t2
dν d x x
Acceleration, =a =  2 ( t − 2 )  = 2[1 – 0] = =
Now, t1 = , t2
2 m/s2 dt dt  2 × 40 2 × 80
x
When, ∴ Average velocity =
x x
+
t = 0, v = – 4 m/s 2 × 40 2 × 80
t = 2s; v = 0 m/s x 1
= =
t = 4s; v = 4 m/s x 1 1  1  1
v – t graph is shown in  +  1 + 
2  40 80  80  2 
adjacent diagram.
Distance traveled 80 160
= = = 53.3 km / hr
= area of the 3/ 2 3
graph = area OAB
Short Trick:
+ area CBD
⇒ 4 + 4 = 8m 2 × V1 × V2 2 × 40 × 80 6400
av. velocity = = =
10. (b) Displacement is zero V1 + V2 40 + 80 120
= 53.3 km / hr
11. (c) When particle is moving with uniform velocity then
acceleration is always zero. Under uniform motion
speed also remains constant.
12. (a) Displacement = 2R R 16. (a) ∆v =−40iˆ + 30ˆj
Time = 20 sec.
2R 2 × 80 R
Average velocity
= = = 8m / s
20 20
|∆v| Magnitude of change in velocity
13. (d) x = a + bt2
( 30 ) + ( 40 ) = 900 + 1600
2 2
Differentiating both side =
dx d ( a + bt )
2
50
= ⇒ V =0 + 2bt ∆v
= 2500
= 50 km / s a = km/s 2 = 5 km/s2
dt dt 10
V = 0 + 2 × 15 × 3 ⇒ V = 90 cms–1 17. (d) vi = 5 m/s vf = 5 m/s N
Total distance
14. (a) Average speed = ∴∆v = vf – (vi)
Total time W E
Total time is t1 + t2 + t3 = vf + (–vi)
x x x
=t1 = , t2 = , t3
3 × 20 3 × 40 3 × 60 S
x vi = 5 m/s
∴ Average speed =
x x x
+ +
3 × 20 3 × 40 3 × 60

vf  5 m / s
x

= 3 3 × 180 v
x 1 1= 1  =
9 + 4.5 + 3 16.5
 + + 
3  20 40 60  180
( vf ) + ( vi )
2 2
Average speed = 32.7 m/s ∆v
= ∆v =5 2m/s
3 × 20 × 40 × 60
Short trick: Av.speed = ∆t = 10 seconds
20 × 40 + 40 × 60 + 60 × 20
144000 144000 5 2 1
= = = 32.7 m/s av. acceleration
= = m/s 2 (towards north-west)
800 + 2400 + 1200 4400 10 2
 18. (b) For maximum and minimum displacement we have 24. (b) In vertically upward motion V = 0
to keep in mind the magnitude and direction of v2 – u2 = 2as 0 – (40)2 = 2 × –10 × s
maximum velocity.
As maximum velocity in positive direction is v0. –1600 = –20 × s ⇒ +80 m = s
Maximum velocity in opposite direction is also v0. 25. (b) Distance covered in 8th second
Maximum displacement in one direction = v0T a a
S8th = u + ( 2n − 1) = 0 + ( 2 × 8 − 1)
Maximum displacement in opposite directions = – v0T 2 2
a
Hence, – v0T < x < v0T. S8th = (15 )
l /2 l 2
19. (c) Time taken to travel first half distance t1 = =
v1 2v1 Distance covered in 8 second-
l 1 1 a
Time taken to travel second half distance t2 = S = ut + at 2 ⇒ 0 + a × 64 = 64  
2v2 2 2 2
a
l 1 l 1 1  S8th (15)
Total time = t1 + t2 = + =  +  Ratio,
= 2= 15
2v1 2v2 2  v1 v2  S8 a
We know that, ( 64 ) 64
2
total distance 26. (c) v2 – u2 = 2as
=Vav Average
= speed
total time After applying the brakes car will come to rest v = 0
l 2v1v2 u2 ∝ s
= =
l  1 1  v1 + v2 s u2 u 
2

 +  ∴ 1 = 1 2 ⇒ s 2 =  2  × s1
2  v1 v2  s2 u 2  u1 
2
20. (b) Length of the barrel = 1.2 m  30 
s 2 =  × 20 =9 × 20 =180 m
Speed of the bullet = 640 ms–1  10 
According to the third equation of motion
27. (a) Let particle accelerates with acceleration α for time
v2 = u2 + 2as v2 = 0 + 2as t1, and retard with retardation –β for t2.
320 × 640 t1 + t2 = 50
640 × 640 = 2 × a × 1.2 =a
1.2
CASE -1 CASE -2
640 × 320 1.2 × 640
640 = 0+ ×t ⇒ t= v = u + αt1 v = u – βt2
1.2 640 × 320
v = 0 + αt1 0 = u – βt2
t = 0.0037 = t = 3.7 × 10–3 ⇒ t ≈ 4ms
v = αt1 u = βt2
21. (a) Displacement in last 2 seconds is
Initial velocity is equal to the final velocity of Case I.
1
= S15 – S13 = a (15 − 13) + a (15 − 13 )
2 2

2 αt1 = βt2 αt1 = 5αt2

1 αt1 = 5αt2 ⇒ 5t2 + t2 = 50 6t2 = 50 ⇒ t2 = 25/3 sec.
= 10 × 2 + × 5 × ( 225 − 169 )= 20 + 140 = 160 m
2
22. (b) u = – 19.6 ms–1 a = 9.8 ms–2 t = 6s VA 2 + VB 2
28. (d) As we know the relation Vmid =
2
1 1
= ut + at 2
S S =−19.6 × 6 + × 9.8 × 62
( 60 ) + ( 40 )
2 2
2 2 3600 + 1600
=−19.6 × 6 + 4.9 × 36 =Vmid =
2 2
S = 58.8 m
5200
v 2 − u 2 0 − ( 40 )
2
−1600 Vmid
= = 2600 50.9 m/s
=
23. (a) 2as = v2 – u2 =a = = 2
2s 2 × 108 216
29. (b) As we know that,
a = –7.4 m/s2 v = u + at , v = –2 m/s , u = 20 m/s
And, (–ve sign) = opposite direction
v = u + at v – u = at v−u −2 − 20 −22
=a = a⇒ = a
v − u 0 − ( 40 ) −40 t 5 5
∴
= t = = = 5.4 s −22
a −7.4 −7.4 Force = ma = 10 × = −44N
5
30. (a) Body covers equal distance in ascending or 35. (c) Velocity of descent or ascent always equal.
descending
u= 2× g × h = 2 × 10 × 40 = 800 = 20 2 m / s
1
h= ut + gt 2 (u = –ve)
2 Time of ascent and descent always equal.
(g = +ve because after passing highest position T = time of ascent + time of descent
T = t1 + t2
motion is under gravity)
Let t1 is the time of ascent and t2 be that of descent
1 v = u – gt
h =−19.6 × 10 + × 10 × 100 (g = +ve)
2 0 = u – gt1 v = u + gt2
= –196 + 5 × 100 = 500 – 196 h = 304 m u = gt1 u = 0 + gt2
31. (c) Stone is dropped, u = 0 u u
t1 = = t2
Let t is the time taken by the stone to cover depth of 20 m. g g
1 1 t=2 u u 2u 2 × 800
20 = ut + gt 2 ⇒ 20 = × 10 × t 2 T = t1 + t2 T= + = =
2 2 g g g 10
Splash heard after 3 second but time taken by stone T= 4 × 2 sec T = 4 × 1.41 = 5.64 seconds
is 2 second
36. (a) As the lift is coming in downward direction,
∴∆t = 3 – 2 = 1 second
displacement will be negative. We have to see
or velocity of sound = 20/1 = 20 m/s whether the motion is accelerating or retarding.
32. (d) Initial velocity of the balloon w.r.t the ground We know that due to downward motion displacement
u = 6 + 16 = 22 m/s will be negative. When the lift reaches 4th floor is
about to stop hence, motion is retarding in nature.
because thrown velocity of stone and balloon is
Hence, x < 0; a > 0.
opposite in direction w.r.t the ground
As displacement is in negative direction, velocity will
Velocity after 2 second ⇒ v = u – gt
also be negative i.e., v < 0.
v = 22 – 10 × 2 v = 22 – 20 = 2 m/s
37. (b) At the time of maximum velocity, acceleration is zero.
2h V = 2t (3 – t) V = 6t – 2t2
33. (b) Time taken by first drop to reach the ground t =
g Differentiating both side
dV d ( 6t − 2t )
2

S2 = 0 = 6 – 4t t = 1.5
dt dt
dv
0 38. (b) a = 8t + 5 ⇒ = 8t + 5 ⇒ dv = ( 8t + 5 ) dt
dt
v t
x 8t 2
0 ∫0 dv = ∫0 (8t + 5) dt ⇒ v = 2 + 5t
2×8
=t = 1.6 ⇒=t 1.26 sec. v = 4t2 + 5t = 4 × 4 + 10 = 16 + 10 = 26 m/s
10
As the water drops falls at regular intervals of time. 39. (a) Given, x (t) = a + bt2; (a = 8.5 m and b = 2.5 ms–2)
Let it be approx second drop is halfway between third In notation of differential calculus, the velocity is
and first drop, so time difference between any two dx d
drops = t/2 sec = 1.26/2 = 0.63 sec. v = = ( a + bt 2 ) =2bt
dt dt
1
Distance of 2nd drop S2 = gt 2 (u = 0) At t = 0, v = 2 b × 0 = 0 ms–1
2
From the tap 40. (a) Since, v = 2bt
1 ⇒ At t = 2, velocity = 2 × 2.5 × 2 = 10 ms–1
S2 = × 10 × ( 0.63)
2
=2m
2
x ( t 2 ) − x ( t1 ) x ( 4.0 ) − x ( 2.0 )
Distance of drop from ground (x) = 8 – 2 = 6 m 41. (b) Average velocity = =
t 2 − t1 4.0 − 2.0
34. (c) Time period is independent of mass of body.
=
(=
a + 16b ) − ( a + 4b )
6.0 b
2h t 3 Given, (t) = a + bt2
t= ∴ A = 2.0
g tB 4 = 6.0 × 2.5 = 15 ms–1
42. (b) Given, x(t) = a –bt2, a = 8.5m and b = 2.5m/s2 46. (a) The velocity-time graph formation with uniform
= 8.5 –2.5t2 acceleration (constant acceleration) is a straight
line inclined to time axis. The above graph is for
dx
Velocity of object = = −2bt motion in positive direction as velocity is positive
dt
throughout the time interval and is also increasing, so
dx the acceleration is positive. For positive acceleration,
(A) velocity at t = 2.0 s = = −4b the slope of the graph must be positive.
dt t =2

= –4 × 2.5 = – 10 ms–1

dx
(B) velocity at t= 0= = 0 ms −1
dt t =0

(C) Instantaneous speed = Magnitude of velocity 47. (b) For object moving in positive direction, the velocity
must be positive.
= | – 10 ms–1| = 10 ms–1 For negative acceleration,the velocity must be
x ( t 2 ) − x ( t1 ) decreasing with time or the slope of the straight line
(D) Average velocity = must be negative.
t 2 − t1
48. (d) For negative direction, the velocity must be negative
x ( 4) − x ( 2)
= throughout the journey.
4−2

a − b ( 4 )2  − a − b ( 2 )2 
=   
2
4b − 16b 12b
= = − = −6b
2 2
For negative acceleration,the velocity must be
= – 6 × 2.5 ms–1 = – 15 ms–1 decreasing and hence the slope of the straight line
43. (a) The acceleration at an instant is the slope of the tangent representing the motion must be negative.
to the v - t curve at that instant.
49. (c) For the graph shown, area under the v-t curve represents
44. (d) In graph, non-uniform acceleration during 0s to 10s area of the rectangle of height μ and base T.
and acceleration is zero between 10s to 18s and it
becomes constant between 18s to 20s. ⸪ Area under the v-t curve
= Displacement during t = 0 and t = T
45. (b) In position-time curve, upward direction for positive
acceleration and downward for negative acceleration = μ × T = μT
and it is straight line for zero acceleration as shown in
figure. VA tan θ1
50. (a) As we know that, =
VB tan θ2

V tan 300 1 1
∴ A= = =
VB tan 450 3 ×1 3
51. (c) In graph (c) for one value of displacement there are
two different points of time. Hence, for one time, the
average velocity is positive and for other time it is
equally negative.
As there are opposite velocities in the interval 0 to T.
Hence average velocity can vanish.
52. (d) We are considering that the man will catch the bus after 55. (a) Let the speed of each train be x
time t sec. Then, according to the second equation of Relative velocities of trains are
motion
Train 1, Vr = x – u (wind is along the direction of track)
1
10t= 48 + × 1 × t 2 Train 2, Vr = x + u (Wind is in opposite direction)
2
According to the question
t2 = 20t + 90 = 0 t2 – 20t – 90 = 0
⇒ (t – 12) (t – 8) = 0 x−u 1
= ⇒ 2x − 2u = x + u ⇒ x = 3u
x+u 2
t = 8 sec. and t = 12 sec.
Minimum time will be considered. 56. (b) Motion of first ball u = 0 , a = g , t = 4 sec.

53. (a) Effective acceleration is g + a = 9.8 + 2.2 = 12 m/s2 We are consider that the s1 is the distance covered by
1 the first ball in 4 seconds.
As we know, = s ut + a eff t 2 , at the time of free fall
2 1
s=
1 ut + gt 2
2
2s 2 × 3.8 3.8 1
u = 0, then
= t = = = 0.633 0 + × 10 × ( 4 ) =
2
80 m
g+a 12 6 2
t = 0.132 sec
Let s2 be the distance covered by the second ball in
54. (a) Total length of distance that has to be crosses = 60 + 80 = 140 m 2 seconds. t = 3 sec.
Relative speed = 10 + 25 = 35 m/s 1
s 2 = 0 + × 10 × ( 3) = 45 m
2

2
140 20  Displacement 
Time
= = = 4 seconds  Time
=  Separation between the two balls
35 5  Velocity 
S1 – S2 = 80 m – 45 m = 35 m

Learning Plus
Distance 4. (c) Let R be the radius of the circle
1. (d) Displacement ≥ 1
Displacement of particle = r
2. (d) Horizontal distance covered by the wheel in half
revolution = πR = 3π

O R A

R r
Net displacement of the point which was initially in
contact with ground. B
Displacement =AA' = ( πR ) + ( 2R )
2 2
displacement
Average velocity =
= ( 3π )
2
+ ( 2 × 3) =
2 2
9π + 36 = 3 π +42 time
πR
3. (a) x= 3t + 5 Time
= = ( V velocity )
2V
Squaring both side
( )
2
x = ( 3t + 5 )
2
x = 9t2 + 25 + 30t r= R2 + R2 = 2R

Differentiate both side 2R 2 2V

Average velocity
= =
dx d ( 9t + 30t + 25 ) πR
2
π
= V = 18t + 30 2V
dt dt
Velocity will increase with time.
5. (d) Case I: Let the initial velocity of the bullet = u 1
u 8. (b) According to the relation h= ut + gt 2
After penetrating its final velocity = 2
2 1 2
u
2 = h = gt ( u 0 )
2 2
From v2 – u2 = 2as   − u = 2×a × 4 t a
2 h ∝ t2 ∴ t ∝ h Hence, a =
u2 tb b
− u2 = 2 × a × 4
4 1 2 1
9. (a) When stone is dropped S = gt 180 = × 10 × t 2
−3u 2
−3u 2 2 2
= 8× a ⇒ a = t = 6 seconds
4 32
Bullet will further penetrate after penetrate 4 cm. Second ball is taking 3 second to reach the river

Case II: 1
180 = u × 3 + × 10 × 9 ⇒ 180 = u × 3 + 5 × 9
u 2
Initial velocity = Final velocity = 0
2 180 − 45
2 =u = 45 m/s
u −3u 2 3
From v2 – u2 = 2as 02 −   =
2× ×s
2 32
10. (a) As we know that v2 = u2 – 2gs (for upward motion g = –g)
−u 2 −3u 2 4
= ×s ⇒ s = = 1.33 cm V = 0 at maximum height
4 16 3
–u2 = –2gs u2 ∝ s
6. (c) If t is the total time of flight of ball in going up and
coming back, then total displacement in time t is zero V0 2 h
2
= ⇒ V= 3V0
because ball comes back in hand of juggler. V 3h
When ball is going at the highest point then v = 0 11. (c) v2 = u2 – 2gs ⇒ 0 = u2 – 2gs
v2 – u2 = 2as 0 – u2 = 2 × –g × 40 –u2 = –80 × 10 u2 = 2gs ⇒ u2 ∝ S
u = 800 u= 2 2 × 10= 20 2 Motion under gravity is independent of mass
Displacement of the ball is zero. u2 50
= h = 16 × 50 ⇒ h = 800 m
1 16u 2 h
So, S = ut + ( −g ) t 2 12. (a) Case I: Ascending
2
(g is negative because acts in opposite direction) u = u, V = 0, g = –g, t = t1

1 V = u + gt 0 = u –gt1 u = gt1
0 20 2t − × 10t 2
= 20 2t = 5t 2
2 u
t1 =
g
20 2 4 2=t
=t Case II: Descending
5
Similarly
∴ Time interval of each ball
v = u , u = 0 , g = g , t = t2
4 2 u
= 2 1.414 sec.
= V = u + gt u = 0 + gt2 t2 =
4 g
Total time of journey
7. (a) According to relation = v2 – u2 = 2as u u 2u g ( t1 + t 2 )
t1 + t 2 = + t1 + t 2 = ⇒ u=
(100)2 – (10)2 = 2as g g g 2
10000 – 100 = 2as 9900 = 2as
d (150 − 10x )
1/2

13. (d) v = (150 – 10x)1/2 ⇒ dv dx

Now acceleration just reversed = a = –a = ×
dt dt dx
Particle comes back to original position v = ?
dv d (150 − 10x ) d (150 − 10x )
1/2 1/2
dx
v2 – u2 = 2as (v)2 – (100)2 = 2 (–a) s = =
× ⇒a v
dt dx dt dx
v2 = 10000 – 2as v2 = 10000 – 2as
1
a =× (150 − 10x ) ( −10 ) × (150 − 10x )
−1/2 1/2
Put 2as = 9900 =
v2 = 100 ⇒ v 100 10 m/s
= 2
⇒ a = –5 m/s2
14. (b) I. The instantaneous speed is always positive as it is 19. (d) Let the velocity of the scooter is VS
the magnitude of the velocity at an instant. Distance between the bus and scooter is 1 km
II. For t = 0s to t = 5s, the motion is uniform. So, the Velocity of bus = 10 m/s
average velocity and the instantaneous velocity are
Relative velocity of scooter w.r.t the bus = VS – 10
equal.
III. During t = 0s to t = 5s. The slope of the graph is 1000
Time taken to overtake, t =
positive, hence the average velocity and the velocity VS − 10
both are positive. During t = 5s to t = 10s. The slope of 1000
50 =
the graph is negative, hence the velocity is negative. VS − 10
Since, there is change in sign of velocity at t = 5s the
50 VS – 500 = 1000
car changes its direction at that instant.
IV. In figure, instantaneous speed during t = 5s to t = 10s
50VS 1500
= ⇒ Vs = 30 m/s
is negative at all time instants during the interval.
15. (c) Here, we observe that the object is 20. (a) Relative velocity of combustion product of rocket
moving in positive direction till w.r.t
 the motion of rocket

time t = 0 to t = t1 and at t = t1 we Vc = +1200 m / s Vr = −200 m / s
find that the velocity become
Velocity of vapours is VV
negative i.e., the object changes its direction at   
t = t1 and continues in negative direction hence forth. V=c VV − Vr ( )
For acceleration we can observe that throughout the
 
journey the slope of the v-t curve is negative and 1200= Vv − ( −200 ) Vv = 1000 m / s
hence, acceleration is negative. Thus, the area under 1
the v-t curve gives displacement. 21. (d) P = mV, K = mV 2
2
16. (a) Velocity = area under acceleration time graph F = Mgh, All are mass dependent. So they would be
Velocity = (5 × 1) – (5 × 1) + (5 × 1) different. But g = 9.8 m/s2, which is constant on earth
Velocity = 5 – 5 + 5 = 5 m/s surface.
17. (c) Relative velocity of 1st­train w.r.t 2nd = 50 – 30 = 20 m/s 22. (d) Speed of child w.r.t. belt = 9 km/hr
Total distance = 130 + 200 = 330 Speed of belt = 4 km/hr
330 From ground frame
Time taken
= = 16.5seconds
20 Speed = ( 9 + 4) = 13 km/hr
18. (b) According to the given equation 23. (b) VA = VB. Since, the motion is uniform. The velocity at
First case: Separation between the trucks decreases at each point is same so this velocity of A after coming
the rate of 10 m/s. Due to the opposite relative motion of back is also VA, just the direction is reversed. Thus
trucks towards each other-
VA = VB.
V1 + V2 = 10 (condition given)......(1)
24. (a) Here, a = g – bv
Second case: Separation between the trucks increases
due to the opposite relative motion of trucks away from When an object falls with constant speed vc, its
each other- acceleration becomes zero.
V1 – V2 = 5......(2) (condition given) g
∴ g −= bv c 0 or= vc
From equation (1) and (2), we get b

V1 + V2 = 10 25.=
(c) v 2 kr
= or v kr
V1 – V2 = 5 dv 1 dr 1 −1/2
= k r −1/2
= k r .v
dt 2 dt 2
2V1 = 15
1 k 0
= k r −1/2 . kr1/2
= r
V1 = 7.5 m/s 2 2
By putting the value of V1 in equation (1) k 0 k
Velocity after 1 sec = 0 + r ×1 = r0
7.5 + V2 = 10 V2 = 2.5 m/s 2 2
 Multiconcept MCQs
1. (b) Velocity when ball strikes the ground V1 = 2gh1 2
g  1/ 2 gn 2 
= n + 
V1 = 2 × 10 × 10 = 200 2 u − gn 
2
Velocity of ball after rebound V2 = 2gh 2  gn 2 
nu − gn 2 +
g 2 
V2 = 2 × 10 × 2.5 = 50 =  
2 4 − gn 
Change in velocity / time  

( )
2 2
50 − − 200  gn 
2
  n 
7.07 + 14.114  nu −   nu − g  
= = = 2121.2 m / s 2 g 2  g  2
0.01 0.01 = S =   
2  ( u − gn )  2  ( u − gn ) 
a 10    
2. (c) S =u − ( 2n − 1) 3= 50 − ( 2n − 1)
2 2
6. (c) Distance traveled in T/3 seconds
 20n 
3= 50 −  − 5 ⇒ 3 = 50 – 10n + 5 2
 2  1 T  T2
S= × g ×  , S = g
⇒ 10n = 52 ⇒ n = 5.2 2 3 9× 2
10
S = 200 − ( 2 × 5.2 − 1) ⇒ 200 – 47 = 153 2h 1 2h h
2 Now T = S= × ×g =
3. (a) u = –30 m/s, t = 8 seconds g 18 g 9
1 1 h 8h
h= ut + gt 2 h =−30 × 8 + × 10 × 64 Distance from ground = h − =
2 2 9 9
= –240 + 64 × 5 ⇒ h = 80 m 7. (a) Let the time taken for one third distance be t1, then
4. (a) Total time taken by bird
d
D 36 36 t1 = , where d is the total length of the journey.
t
⇒ = = = hr 3V0
V ( 27 + 18) 45 Let the time taken for next 2d/3 distance be t2,
Distance travelled by bird
36 1296 2d V1t2 V2t2 (V1 + V2 ) t2
S =36 × = = 28.8 km = + =
S=Vt 3 2 2 2
45 45
4d
5. (a) Distance traveled by stone in n time t2 = . Thus, the total time taken for the
3 (V1 + V2 )
1 1
u = 0, t = n ∴ S = gn 2 = ut + gt 2
2 2 d 4d d (V1 + V2 + 12V0 )
Equating the distance traveled by both stones when journey is + =
3V0 3 (V1 + V2 ) 3V0 (V1 + V2 )
one stone is overtaking the other.
1 1 Total distance
ut + gt 2 = g (n + t ) 2 Thus the average velocity =
2 2 Total time
1 2 1 / 2 gn 2
d 3V0 (V1 + V2 )
t ( u − gn ) = gn t= ... ( i ) = V =
2 u − gn d (1 2
V + V + 12 V 0) ( 1 + V2 + 12V0 )
V
t – time at which second stone is thrown down 3V0 (V1 + V2 )
2
∴ Distance traveled S = ut + ½ gt by second stone 8. (c) Just to avoid collision, the speed of bike A should be
 1  equal or lesser than B, i.e., uA ≤ uB.
= S t u + t 
 g  Now initial relative velocity of bike A with respect to
1 2 B = uA –uB
S= gn + gnt + 1/2gt 2
2
g 2 g And final relative velocity of A with respect to
[n + t ]
2
=  n + 2nt + t 2  =
2 2 B ≤ zero. Also the relative acceleration of A
 w.r.t. B = – a – 0 =–a 12. (a) Given relation is t = αx2 + βx
Then, using u2 + 2as = v2 (uA – uB)2 – 2α s ≤ 0 Differentiating w.r.t x
dt d ( αx + βx )
2

(u − uB )
2
=
or (uA – uB)2 ≤ 2α s or s ≥ A dx dx
2α
9. (b) At t = 0 the first body starts moving with constant 1 1
= 2α x + β ⇒ v =
acceleration while the second body is already moving v 2αx + β
with certain constant speed. So the distance covered dv
Acceleration is a = (multiplying and divide by dx)
by the first body x1 is smaller that covered by the dt
second body x2 i.e., x1 < x2 or x1 – x2 = negative dv dx dv dx
a= × ⇒ .
till the first body attains the speed equal to that of dt dx dx dt
second body. At that instant x1 = x2 or x1 – x2 = 0 and dv − v.2α
a =v. ⇒a= =−2α.v.v 2
after that x1 > x2 i.e. x1 – x2 = positive and goes on dx ( 2αx + β )
2

increasing with increasing t. ⇒ a = –2αv3

 
10. (b) a . v < 0 (condition of retardation) 13. (a) According to the equation
a = 2t – 1; v= t2 –t 1
h= ut + gt 2
av < 0 2
(2t – 1) (t2–t) <0 – + – + 1 2
h = gt ......(1)
(2t – 1) t (t–1) <0
0 1 1 2
1 2 1
( h − 20 ) =+ g ( t − 1)
2
< t <1 0
2 2
1
11. (d) Let u be initial velocity and a be the uniform acceleration ( h − 20 ) = g(t − 1)2 .......(2)
2
Average velocities in the intervals from-
0 to t1 , t1 to t2 , t2 to t3 are u = 0 in both case because stone s dropped from rest.
From the equation (1) and (2) we get
u + u + at1 at
V1= = u + 1 ......(1) 1 1
( h − 20 )= g ( t − 1)
2
2 2 h = gt 2
2 2
u + at1 + u + a ( t1 + t 2 ) a
V2 = =u + at1 + t 2 ......(2) 1 2 1
h − ( h − 20=
) gt − g ( t − 1)
2
2 2
2 2
u + a ( t1 + t 2 + t 3 ) + u + a ( t1 + t 2 )
V3 = 1 2 1 2 1
2 h − h + 20
= gt − gt − g + gt
2 2 2
a
V3 =u + at1 + at 2 + t 3 .....(3) g
2 ⇒ 20= gt −
2
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get
⇒ gt = 25 (⸪ g = 10 m/s2)
a  a 
V2 − V1 =u + at1 + t 2 −  u + t1 
2  2  ⇒ t = 2.5 second
a a 1
= u + at1 + t 2 − u − t1 h = × 10 × (2.5) 2
2 2 2
a a a = 31.25 m
V2 − V1 = t1 + t 2 ⇒ ( t1 + t 2 ) ......(4)
2 2 2  
ν 2 − ν1 Change in velocity
Similarly (2) from (3), we get 14. (c) Average Acceleration
= =
∆t Change in time
a a a
( V3 − V2 ) = t 2 + t 3 ⇒ ( t 2 + t 3 ) ......(5) When ball falls from height h1 we get,
2 2 2
2
Divide (4) by (5) we get v=
1 u12 + 2gh1
a
V2 − V1 2 ( 1 2 ) ( t1 + t 2 )
t +t ......(1) (u = 0 under free fall)
v1 = 2gh1
= =
( 2 3 ) ( t 2 + t3 )
V3 − V2 a t + t
Similarly, when ball falls from height h2 after striking
2 the floor
 But g = –g because after striking ball goes upward
against the gravity. 40 + 30 6.32 + 5.47
Average acceleration
= =
0.020 0.020
v 22 = u 22 + 2(−g)h 2
11.79 × 100 1179
(After contact v2 = 0 at rest highest point, u2 = v2) Average acceleration
= =
2 2

0 v 22 − 2gh 2
= aav = 589.5 m/s2

15. (b) Given condition is x = 20 + 14t – t3

v 22 = 2gh ⇒ v 2 = 2gh 2 .....(2)
Differentiating both side
v − v1
Average acceleration = 2
dx d ( 20 + 14t − t )
3
∆t
=
v + v1 dt dt
= 2 (v1 = –ve)
∆t V = 0 + 14 – 3t2 ⇒ 0 = 0 + 14 – 3t2 (body comes to rest)
2gh 2 + 2gh1 –14 = –3t2
Average acceleration =
∆t 1/2
 14 
= t ⇒ t = ( 4.66 ) ≈ ( 5)
1/2 1/2

2 × 10 × 2 + 2 × 10 × 1.5  
=  3
0.020

NEET Past 10 Years Questions

1. (b) Between t = 0 to t = 1 s 3. (b) x = 5t – 2t2 y = 10t
v = u + at ⇒ 6 = 0 + a × 1
dx dy
a = 6 m/s2 v= 5 − 4t
= v= 10
=
dt dt
Total distance
Average speed = dv
Total time ax = = −4 ms −2 ay = 0
dt
3X
= = X m/s
3 a = –4m/s2
1 4. (b) Xp(t) = at + bt2 XQ(t) = ft – t2
where X = 0 + × 6 × (1) = 3m
2

2
Vp = a + 2bt VQ = f – 2t
∴ Average speed = 3m/s
as Vp = VQ
Total displacement
Average velocity =
Total time a + 2bt = f – 2t
X 3
= = = 1 m/s f −a
3 3 ⇒t=
2 (1 + b )
2. (b) V1 = Preeti’s velocity
5. (c) v = At + Bt2
V2 = Escalator’s velocity
dx
= At + Bt 2
distance  dt
=t = ⇒t
speed V1 + V2 x 2

∫ dx ∫ ( At + Bt )dt
2
=
 t1t 2
= = 0 1
  t 2 + t1 A 2 2 B 3 3 3A 7B
+
t1 t 2
x=
2
(2 −1 ) + 3 (2 −1 ) = 2 + 3
6. (a) v = βx −2 n h 2 h3
⇒ h1 = =
dv 3 5
So , = −2nβx −2 n −1
dx
dv
Now a =v =( βx −2 n )( −2nβx −2 n −1 )
dx
⇒a= −2nβ2 x −4 n −1

1 2
7. (c) AB = h1 = g (5) ⇒ h1 = 125 m (⸪ µ = 0)
2
1 dx
h 2 = BC = g [102 - 52 ] ⇒ h2 = 375 m 8. (d) v = =0 + 12 − 3t 2 =0
2 dt
1 é 2
h 3 = CD = g ëê15 -102 ùûú ⇒t=2s
2
h3 = 625 m At t = 2 s
Retardation
h1 : h2 : h3
dv
125 : 375 : 625 = 1 : 3 : 5 =− =− ( −6t ) =12 ms −2
dt