MODUL g-CAKNA 2023 962/1

ANSWER SET 1

SECTION A [15 marks]

QN. ANS EXPLANATIONS

NU
1 The size of an atom is not controlled by the nucleon number.
C
We cannot predict whether an atom is radioactive or not from the proton number or
nucleon number.
The average of 28 and 30 is 29 if the composition of the isotopes is 1:1. Since
the actual atomic mass is 28.1, which is less than 29, there should be more
28
Si atoms than 30Si atoms. 30Si has 2 more neutrons than 28Si.
2 C The difference between the two masses is 19. They cannot be isotopes. The
difference in mass between isotopes is usually a few mass units only. If peak X is
due to a dispositive ion, then its intensity should be very low. This is because it is
more difficult to produce a dispositive ion as more energy is needed. The peak at
m/e= 19 is caused by 19M+ and the peak at 38 is caused by the molecular ion 19M2+.
The relative atomic mass of the element is 19. 38 is the relative molecular mass of
the element.
3 C The Lyman series is in the ultra violet region. The convergent limit has the shortest
wavelength (highest frequency).
Lyman series is formed via the electronic transition from higher levels to n=1.
4 A Z+N=A
Z, Proton Number, is 8
Number of Proton same with number of electron in neutral atom that is 8
N, Neutron number is 10. So Species X has two electrons less than the number of
neutron means 10 deducted 2 so balance is 8, so it is mean this species is neutral
atom, so charge is 0.

5 D Because the more lone pair available the smallest M-A-M bond angle will present.

6 B If the overlapping of unhybridized orbital present in one molecule so π-bond will

form.
7 D CO2 because produce 2 sigma C-O bonding pair and 2 π C-O bonding pair

8 A Diamond and silicon (IV) oxide are giant molecular while iodine is simple molecular
structure
9 B The triple point of water is below 1 atm. The solid/liquid line has a negative slope.

10 C Density ice = mass / volume

Mass ice = density x volume

= 1.00 g dm-3 x 0.001 dm3
= 0.001 g

Mol ice = mass / M

= 0.001 / 18
= 5.55 x 10-5 mol

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Mole of steam = mole of ice

= 5.55 x 10-5 mol

PV = nRT
(1) V = (5.55 x 10-5 mol) (0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1) (596 K)
V = 2.72 x 10-3 dm3

11 D The rate of equation is:

Rate = k [reactant]
6.9 x 10-4 = k (0.30)
k = 2.3 x 10-3 s-1

By using the expression; t 1/2 = ln 2 / k

= 0.693 / 2.3 x 10-3
= 3.01 x 102 s

The rate-determining step of the reaction involves one species. (first order
reaction)
The rate equation does not provide information about the activation energy.
12 C It is a zero order reaction.
The acid is involved in the reaction.
13 D The reaction is endothermic.
Catalyst does not alter the equilibrium constant.
The equilibrium constant increases as temperature increases.
Decreasing pressure , the equilibrium shift to right ( more moles is favoured ) .So
.the production of nitrogen increases.
14 C [H+] acid = antilog (-3.5)
=3.16 x 10-4 M

Concentration of acid is using MaVa = MaVb a=b=1

So , Ma = Mb Vb
Va

= 0.10 x 27.5
25.0

= 0.11 mol dm-3

2
By using [H+]2 = Ka x c

Ka = ( 3.16 x 10-4 ) 2
0.11
= 9.08 x 10-7 mol dm-3
15 D A mixture containing 40% of Y lies to the left of the azeotropic mixture. Hence,
fractional distillation will produce pure Y followed by the azeotropic mixture.
The boiling point shows a maximum; therefore the vapor pressure will show a
minimum. The mixture shows negative deviation.
A mixture of ethanol and methanol shows ideal behaviour.
Liquid X boils at higher temperature. Thus, it is less volatile than liquid Y.

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SECTION B [15 marks]

QU. EXPLANATIONS MARK

NU
16 a) i) Lewis dot diagram
.. ..
H:O:F: 1
.. ..

ii) molecular shape : Bent @ V-shaped

1
bond angle : < 109.5o 1

hybridisation : sp3 1

iii) H-O and O-F bonds are polar bonds

or
1
F and O are more electronegative than H

The resultant dipole moment do not cancel each other 1

HOF molecule is polar 1

iv) Hydrogen bond // dipole-dipole force 1

Total marks 8m

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QUE EXPLANATIONS MARK

17 a) (i) P1 V1 = P2 V2
T1 T2
or 1

V1 = ( 1.0 ) (1.80 x 103 ) ( 480 +273)

(12.8 ) (27+273 )

= 3.53 x 102 L 1

(ii) PV = nRT

PV =m RT
Mr

m = PVMr ( using R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1)

RT 1

= (1.0 ) (3.53 x 102 ) (16.0 ) 1

(0.0821 ) ( 300 )

= 2.30 x 102 g 1

Or (by using R = 8.31 m3 Pa K-1 mol-1)

= (101 x 103 ) (3.53 x 102 x 10-3 ) (16.0)

(8.31 ) (300 )

= 2.30 x 102 g

(iii) There are attraction and repulsion force between CH4 1

molecules.

CH4 molecules has volumes // The volume of the CH4 gas is not 1
negligible .

Total marks 7m

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SECTION C [30 marks]

QU. EXPLANATIONS MARK

NU
18 a)
The electron in its ground state absorbs energy and
1
electron becomes excited 1
The electron emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation/ light/ photon
1
when transits to a lower energy level
1
Line are formed because the energy of electron are quantized
Electron transition occurs from energy levels of n › 1 to n = 1 1

The energy difference between 2 energy levels is given by ∆E and corresponds to 1

the wavelength/ frequency
The lines in the spectrum becomes convergent because the difference in energy 1
levels becomes smaller

b)
Aufbau Principle: orbitals with the lowest energy will fill up first 1
Hund’s Rule: The 2p orbitals of same energy / degenerate orbital, electrons are
1
filled singly with parallel spin before pairing occurs.
Pauli Exclusion Principle: An orbital contain maximum of two electron of
1
opposite spin.
Orbital diagram of F atom

Electronic configuration of F atom is 1s2 2s2 2p5 1

c) i. Cu+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10

or
1
Cu2+. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9

ii. Cu+ is more stable. 1

10
completely filled (3d ) orbitals has greater stability 1

Total marks 15 m

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QU. EXPLANATIONS MARK

NU
19 (a) (i) rate = k[CCI3COOH] 1

(ii) There are 12/3 = 4 half life in 12 hours 1

1→1/2 → ¼ →1/8 →1/16

or
Therefore, the fraction of the trichloroethanoic acid remaining
after 12 hours is 1/16 1

(b) (i) second reaction, rate = k[A]2

or
1.7x 10-4 = k(0.25)2
1
-4 2
k = 1.7x10 /(0.25)
= 2.72 x 10-3 M-1 s-1
1
When [A] = 0.75,
rate = k(0.75)2 1
= 2.72 x10-3 x (0.75)2
= 1.53 x10-3 mol dm-3s-1 1

c) (i) – Iron provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy 1

-More colliding hydrogen and nitrogen molecules will have

energy equals or more than lowered activation energy 1

- The frequency of effective collision increase 1

- The rate of reaction increase 1

(ii) – The hydrogen and nitrogen molecules are adsorbed (loosely 1

bonded) to the surface of iron

-This adsorption process weakens the H-H and N-N bonds making
it easier to break 1

- The new bonds are then formed between adjacent hydrogen and 1
nitrogen molecules to form ammonia.

- The products are then desorbs from the surface of the solid catalyst 1

Total marks 15m

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QU. EXPLANATIONS MARK

NU
20 a) Le Chatelier’s principle states that when a system in equilibrium is 1
disturbed, the position of equilibrium will shift to cancel // reduce//
eliminate// minimise the effect of the change in order to bring the 1
system back to equilibrium.

b) i) The equilibrium shift to the left. 1

ii) The equilibrium remain unchanged. 1

iii) The equilibrium will shift to the left. 1

More number of moles of gas is favoured. 1
Halving the volume means increasing the pressure. 1

c) (i)

Volume of NaOH/cm3

(use graph paper)

 Labelled correct axis (pH vs volume of NaOH (cm3) ) 1
 Shape 1
 All points transferred correctly 1

Equivalent point = 16.00 ± 0.30 cm3

(2dp) (unit insist) 1

By using ,

MaVa =1
MbVb

Ma = 0.050 x 16.00 1
10.0

Ma = 0.080 mol dm-3 1

pKa is at pH of ½ of the volume required to achieve equivalent point = 3.9 1

Ka = antilog (-3.9) = 1.3 x 10-4 mol dm-3 1

Total marks 15m