subneting
subneting
• For example, if one MSB (Most Significant Bit) is borrowed from host bits of
second octet and added to Network address, it creates two Subnets (21=2) with
(223-2) 8388606 Hosts per Subnet.
➢ Sales 100
➢ Purchase 50
➢ Accounts 25
➢ Management 5
IPv4 - VLSM
Variable Length Subnet Mask
Step - 3
• Allocate the highest range of IPs to the highest requirement, so let's assign
192.168.1.0 /25 (255.255.255.128) to the Sales department.
• This IP subnet with Network number 192.168.1.0 has 126 valid Host IP
addresses which satisfy the requirement of the Sales department.
• The subnet mask used for this subnet has 10000000 as the last octet.
IPv4 - VLSM
Variable Length Subnet Mask
Step - 4
• Allocate the next highest range, so let's assign 192.168.1.128 /26
(255.255.255.192) to the Purchase department.
• This IP subnet with Network number 192.168.1.128 has 62 valid Host IP
Addresses which can be easily assigned to all the PCs of the Purchase
department.
• The subnet mask used has 11000000 in the last octet.
IPv4 - VLSM
Variable Length Subnet Mask
Step - 5
• Allocate the next highest range, i.e. Accounts.
• The requirement of 25 IPs can be fulfilled with 192.168.1.192 /27
(255.255.255.224) IP subnet, which contains 30 valid host IPs.
• The network number of Accounts department will be 192.168.1.192.
• The last octet of subnet mask is 11100000.
IPv4 - VLSM
Variable Length Subnet Mask
Step - 6
• Allocate the next highest range to Management.
• The Management department contains only 5 computers. The subnet
192.168.1.224 /29 with the Mask 255.255.255.248 has exactly 6 valid host IP
addresses.
• So this can be assigned to Management. The last octet of the subnet mask will
contain 11111000.
• By using VLSM, the administrator can subnet the IP subnet in such a way that
least number of IP addresses are wasted. Even after assigning IPs to every
department, the administrator, in this example, is still left with plenty of IP
addresses which was not possible if he has used CIDR.
IPv4 - Subneting
Subnetting Exercises
• You have been allocated a class A network address of 29.0.0.0. You need to
create at least 20 networks and each network will support a maximum of 160
hosts.
create 4 subnets each with around 200 hosts what is the easiest mask to use to
• Easiest is to sub net on a byte boundary which would mean a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0 This would allocate 8 bits for the subnet and 8 bits for the host.
• We need to accommodate around 200 hosts which requires 8 bits which we have.
• We need 4 subnets which require 4 bits and we have 8 bits. So we have more than
enough.