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Java Interview Questions and Answers

If you are looking for Java Interview Questions? We are here to help you, to enhance
your knowledge of Java programming language with the help of 200+ interview
questions and answers. Let's learn what is Java, first.

What is Java?
Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems which was
initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as the core component of Sun
Microsystems' Java platform (Java 1.0 [J2SE]). The latest release of the Java Standard
Edition is Java SE 8. With the advancement of Java and its widespread popularity,
multiple configurations were built to suit various types of platforms. For example, J2EE
for Enterprise Applications, and J2ME for Mobile Applications.

Interview Questions and Answers on Core and Advanced Java

Find the list of 200+ important Java interview questions along with the answers. These
Java interview questions are based-on Core and advanced Java programming
topics such as Core Java Concepts, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), Java
Collections Framework, Multithreading, Java I/O, Exception Handling, Java Memory
Management, Java Annotations, Java Design Patterns, Java Streams API, JDBC, and
many more. These questions for Java interviews are prepared by the subject experts and
can be practiced by the students and developers to practice, learn, and get selected by
the top IT companies.

We have categorized these questions into 3 sections. Let's practice the interview
questions and answers on Java programming language:

Java Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Java Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Advanced Java Interview Questions and Answers

Java Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

1. What do you know about Java?

Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems

and released in 1995. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS,
and the various versions of UNIX.

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2. What are the supported platforms by Java Programming

Language?

Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions
of UNIX/Linux like HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Redhat Linux, Ubuntu, CentOS, etc.

3. List any five features of Java?

Some features include Object Oriented, Platform Independent, Robust, Interpreted,

Multi-threaded

Read also: Java features

4. Why is Java Architectural Neutral?

It's compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the
compiled code to be executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime
system.

5. How Java enabled High Performance?

Java uses Just-In-Time compiler to enable high performance. Just-In-Time compiler is a

program that turns Java bytecode, which is a program that contains instructions that
must be interpreted into instructions that can be sent directly to the processor.

6. Why Java is considered dynamic?

It is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry extensive

amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to
objects on run-time.

7. What is Java Virtual Machine and how it is considered in context

of Java's platform independent feature?

When Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into
platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and
interpreted by Java virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run.

8. List two Java IDE's?

The two important and commonly used Java IDE's are Netbeans and Eclipse.

9. List some Java keywords(unlike C, C++ keywords)?

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Some Java keywords are import, super, finally, etc.

10. What do you mean by Object?

Object is a runtime entity and it's state is stored in fields and behavior is shown via
methods. Methods operate on an object's internal state and serve as the primary
mechanism for object-to-object communication.

11. Define class?

A class is a blue print from which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields
and methods to describe the behavior of an object.

Read also: Java - Classes and Objects

12. What kind of variables a class can consist of?

A class consist of Local variable, instance variables and class variables.

Read also: Java Variable Types

13. What is a Local Variable?

Variables defined inside methods, constructors or blocks are called local variables. The
variable will be declared and initialized within the method and it will be destroyed when
the method has completed.

14. What is a Instance Variable?

Instance variables are variables within a class but outside any method. These variables
are instantiated when the class is loaded.

15. What is a Class Variable?

These are variables declared with in a class, outside any method, with the static
keyword.

16. What is Singleton class?

Singleton class control object creation, limiting the number to one but allowing the
flexibility to create more objects if the situation changes.

17. What do you mean by Constructor?

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Java constructor gets invoked when a new object is created. Every class has a
constructor. If we do not explicitly write a constructor for a class the java compiler builds
a default constructor for that class.

18. List the three steps for creating an Object for a class?

An Object is first declared, then instantiated and then it is initialized.

19. What is the default value of byte datatype in Java?

Default value of byte datatype is 0. Read also: Java Data Types

20. What is the default value of float and double datatype in Java?

In Java, the default value of float is 0.0f and the default value of double is 0.0d.

21. When a byte datatype is used?

The byte data type is used to save space in large arrays, mainly in place of integers,
since a byte is four times smaller than an int.

22. What is a static variable?

Class variables also known as static variables are declared with the static keyword in a
class, but outside a method, constructor or a block.

23. What do you mean by Access Modifier?

Java provides access modifiers to set access levels for classes, variables, methods and
constructors. A member has package or default accessibility when no accessibility
modifier is specified.

24. What is protected access modifier?

Variables, methods and constructors which are declared protected in a superclass can be
accessed only by the subclasses in other package or any class within the package of the
protected members' class.

25. What do you mean by synchronized Non Access Modifier?

Java provides these modifiers for providing functionalities other than Access Modifiers,
synchronized used to indicate that a method can be accessed by only one thread at a
time.

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26. According to Java Operator precedence, which operator is

considered to be with highest precedence?

Postfix operators i.e () [] . is at the highest precedence.

27. Variables used in a switch statement can be used with which

datatypes?

Variables used in a switch statement can only be a string, enum, byte, short, int, or char.

28. When parseInt() method can be used?

Java parseInt() method is used to get the primitive data type of a certain String.

29. Why is String class considered immutable?

Java String class is immutable, so that once it is created a String object cannot be
changed. Since String is immutable it can safely be shared between many threads ,which
is considered very important for multithreaded programming.

30. Why is StringBuffer called mutable?

Java String class is considered as immutable, so that once it is created a String object
cannot be changed. If there is a necessity to make alot of modifications to Strings of
characters then StringBuffer should be used.

31. What is the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder

class?

Use StringBuilder whenever possible because it is faster than StringBuffer. But, if thread
safety is necessary then use StringBuffer objects.

32. Which package is used for pattern matching with regular

expressions?

java.util.regex package is used for pattern matching with regular expressions.

33. java.util.regex consists of which classes?

java.util.regex consists of three classes − Pattern class, Matcher class and
PatternSyntaxException class.

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34. What is finalize() method?

It is possible to define a method that will be called just before an object's final
destruction by the garbage collector. This method is called finalize(), and it can be used
to ensure that an object terminates cleanly.

35. What is an Exception?

An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. Exceptions are
caught by handlers positioned along the thread's method invocation stack.

36. What do you mean by Checked Exceptions?

It is an exception that is typically a user error or a problem that cannot be foreseen by

the programmer. For example, if a file is to be opened, but the file cannot be found, an
exception occurs. These exceptions cannot simply be ignored at the time of compilation.

37. Explain Runtime Exceptions?

It is an exception that occurs that probably could have been avoided by the programmer.
As opposed to checked exceptions, runtime exceptions are ignored at the time of
compliation.

38. Which are the two subclasses under Exception class?

The Exception class has two main subclasses : IOException class and RuntimeException
Class.

39. When throws keyword is used?

If a method does not handle a checked exception, the method must declare it using the
throws keyword. The throws keyword appears at the end of a method's signature.

40. When throw keyword is used?

An exception can be thrown, either a newly instantiated one or an exception that you
just caught, by using throw keyword.

41. How finally used under Exception Handling?

The finally keyword is used to create a block of code that follows a try block. A finally
block of code always executes, whether or not an exception has occurred.

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42. What things should be kept in mind while creating your own
exceptions in Java?
While creating your own exception −

All exceptions must be a child of Throwable.

If you want to write a checked exception that is automatically enforced by the

Handle or Declare Rule, you need to extend the Exception class.

You want to write a runtime exception, you need to extend the RuntimeException
class.

43. Define Inheritance?

Inheritance is the process where one object acquires the properties of another. With the
use of inheritance the information is made manageable in a hierarchical order.

44. When super keyword is used?

If the method overrides one of its superclass's methods, overridden method can be
invoked through the use of the keyword super. It can be also used to refer to a hidden
field.

45. What is Polymorphism?

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common use
of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child
class object.

46. What is Abstraction?

Abstraction refers to the ability to make a class abstract in OOP. It helps to reduce the
complexity and also improves the maintainability of the system.

47. What is Abstract class?

These classes cannot be instantiated and are either partially implemented or not at all
implemented. This class contains one or more abstract methods which are simply
method declarations without a body.

48. When Abstract methods are used?

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If you want a class to contain a particular method but you want the actual
implementation of that method to be determined by child classes, you can declare the
method in the parent class as abstract.

49. What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing
access to the fields via public methods. If a field is declared private, it cannot be
accessed by anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within the class.
Therefore encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding.

50. What is the primary benefit of Encapsulation?

The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to modify our implemented code without
breaking the code of others who use our code. With this Encapsulation gives
maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our code.

Java Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

51. What is an Interface?

Java interface is a collection of abstract methods. A class implements an interface,

thereby inheriting the abstract methods of the interface.

52. Give some features of Interface?

Some of the features of Java interface are:

Interface cannot be instantiated

An interface does not contain any constructors.

All of the methods in an interface are abstract.

53. Define Packages in Java?

Java Package can be defined as a grouping of related types(classes, interfaces,
enumerations and annotations ) providing access protection and name space
management.

54. Why Packages are used?

Packages are used in Java in-order to prevent naming conflicts, to control access, to
make searching/locating and usage of classes, interfaces, enumerations and annotations,

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etc., easier.

55. What do you mean by Multithreaded program?

A multithreaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently. Each part
of such a program is called a thread, and each thread defines a separate path of
execution.

56. What are the two ways in which Thread can be created?
Thread can be created by: implementing Runnable interface, extending the Thread class.

57. What is an applet?

An applet is a Java program that runs in a Web browser. An applet can be a fully
functional Java application because it has the entire Java API at its disposal.

58. An applet extend which class?

An applet extends java.applet.Applet class.

59. Explain garbage collection in Java?

It uses garbage collection to free the memory. By cleaning those objects that is no
longer reference by any of the program.

60. Define immutable object?

An immutable object can't be changed once it is created.

61. Explain the usage of this() with constructors?

It is used with variables or methods and used to call constructer of same class.

62. Explain Set Interface?

Java Set interface is a collection of element which cannot contain duplicate elements.
The Set interface contains only methods inherited from Collection and adds the
restriction that duplicate elements are prohibited.

63. Explain TreeSet?

It is a Set implemented when we want elements in a sorted order.

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64. What is Comparable Interface?

Java Comparable Interface is used to sort collections and arrays of objects using the
collections.sort() and java.utils. The objects of the class implementing the Comparable
interface can be ordered.

65. Difference between throw and throws?

It includes:

Throw is used to trigger an exception where as throws is used in declaration of

exception.

Without throws, Checked exception cannot be handled where as checked

exception can be propagated with throws.

66. Explain the following line used under Java Program −

public static void main (String args[ ])

The following shows the explanation individually −

public − it is the access specifier.

static − it allows main() to be called without instantiating a particular instance of

a class.

void − it affirns the compiler that no value is returned by main().

main() − this method is called at the beginning of a Java program.

String args[ ] − args parameter is an instance array of class String

67. Define JRE i.e. Java Runtime Environment?

Java Runtime Environment is an implementation of the Java Virtual Machine which
executes Java programs. It provides the minimum requirements for executing a Java
application;

68. What is JAR file?

JAR files is Java Archive fles and it aggregates many files into one. It holds Java classes
in a library. JAR files are built on ZIP file format and have .jar file extension.

69. What is a WAR file?

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This is Web Archive File and used to store XML, java classes, and JavaServer pages.
which is used to distribute a collection of JavaServer Pages, Java Servlets, Java classes,
XML files, static Web pages etc.

70. Define JIT compiler?

It improves the runtime performance of computer programs based on bytecode.

71. What is the difference between object oriented programming

language and object based programming language?

Object based programming languages follow all the features of OOPs except Inheritance.
JavaScript is an example of object based programming languages.

72. What is the purpose of default constructor?

The java compiler creates a default constructor only if there is no constructor in the
class.

73. Can a constructor be made final?

No, this is not possible.

74. What is static block?

It is used to initialize the static data member, It is excuted before main method at the
time of classloading.

75. Define composition?

Holding the reference of the other class within some other class is known as composition.

76. What is method overloading?

If a class has multiple functions by same name but different parameters, it is known as
Method Overloading.

77. What is method overriding?

If a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by
its parent class, it is known as Method Overriding.

78. Difference between Overloading and Overriding?

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Method overloading increases the readability of the program. Method overriding provides
the specific implementation of the method that is already provided by its super class
parameter must be different in case of overloading, parameter must be same in case of
overriding.

79. What is final class?

Final classes are created so the methods implemented by that class cannot be
overridden. It can't be inherited.

80. What is NullPointerException?

A NullPointerException is thrown when calling the instance method of a null object,
accessing or modifying the field of a null object etc.

81. What are the ways in which a thread can enter the waiting
state?
A thread can enter the waiting state by invoking its sleep() method, by blocking on IO,
by unsuccessfully attempting to acquire an object's lock, or by invoking an object's
wait() method. It can also enter the waiting state by invoking its (deprecated) suspend()
method.

82. How does multi-threading take place on a computer with a

single CPU?
The operating system's task scheduler allocates execution time to multiple tasks. By
quickly switching between executing tasks, it creates the impression that tasks execute
sequentially.

83. What invokes a thread's run() method?

After a thread is started, via its start() method of the Thread class, the JVM invokes the
thread's run() method when the thread is initially executed.

84. Does it matter in what order catch statements for

FileNotFoundException and IOException are written?
Yes, it does. The FileNoFoundException is inherited from the IOException. Exception's
subclasses have to be caught first.

85. What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?

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When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task
invokes its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state.

86. Why Vector class is used?

The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects. Vector
proves to be very useful if you don't know the size of the array in advance, or you just
need one that can change sizes over the lifetime of a program.

87. How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16,
and UTF-8 characters?
Unicode requires 16 bits and ASCII require 7 bits. Although the ASCII character set uses
only 7 bits, it is usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16,
and 18 bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.

88. What are Wrapper classes?

These are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects. Example: Integer,
Character, Double, Boolean etc.

89. What is the difference between a Window and a Frame?

The Frame class extends Window to define a main application window that can have a
menu bar.

90. Which package has light weight components?

javax.Swing package. All components in Swing, except JApplet, JDialog, JFrame and
JWindow are lightweight components.

91. What is the difference between the paint() and repaint()

methods?
The paint() method supports painting via a Graphics object. The repaint() method is
used to cause paint() to be invoked by the AWT painting thread.

92. What is the purpose of File class?

It is used to create objects that provide access to the files and directories of a local file
system.

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93. What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class

hierarchy and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?

The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented, and the

InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy is byte-oriented.

94. Which class should you use to obtain design information about
an object?

The Class class is used to obtain information about an object's design and
java.lang.Class class instance represent classes, interfaces in a running Java application.

95. What is the difference between static and non-static variables?

A static variable is associated with the class as a whole rather than with specific
instances of a class. Non-static variables take on unique values with each object
instance.

96. What is Serialization and deserialization?

Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream.

Deserialization is the process of restoring these objects.

97. What are use cases?

It is part of the analysis of a program and describes a situation that a program might
encounter and what behavior the program should exhibit in that circumstance.

98. Explain the use of sublass in a Java program?

Sub class inherits all the public and protected methods and the implementation. It also
inherits all the default modifier methods and their implementation.

99. How to add menushortcut to menu item?

If there is a button instance called b1, you may add menu short cut by calling
b1.setMnemonic('F'), so the user may be able to use Alt+F to click the button.

100. Can you write a Java class that could be used both as an
applet as well as an application?
Yes, just add a main() method to the applet.

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Advanced Java Interview Questions and Answers

101. What is the difference between Swing and AWT components?

AWT components are heavy-weight, whereas Swing components are lightweight. Heavy
weight components depend on the local windowing toolkit. For example, java.awt.Button
is a heavy weight component, when it is running on the Java platform for Unix platform,
it maps to a real Motif button.

102. What's the difference between constructors and other

methods?
Constructors must have the same name as the class and can not return a value. They
are only called once while regular methods could be called many times.

103. Is there any limitation of using Inheritance?

Yes, since inheritance inherits everything from the super class and interface, it may
make the subclass too clustering and sometimes error-prone when dynamic overriding or
dynamic overloading in some situation.

104. When is the ArrayStoreException thrown?

When copying elements between different arrays, if the source or destination arguments
are not arrays or their types are not compatible, an ArrayStoreException will be thrown.

105. Can you call one constructor from another if a class has
multiple constructors?
Yes, use this() syntax.

106. What's the difference between the methods sleep() and

wait()?
The code sleep(2000); puts thread aside for exactly two seconds. The code wait(2000),
causes a wait of up to two second. A thread could stop waiting earlier if it receives the
notify() or notifyAll() call. The method wait() is defined in the class Object and the
method sleep() is defined in the class Thread.

107. When ArithmeticException is thrown?

The ArithmeticException is thrown when integer is divided by zero or taking the
remainder of a number by zero. It is never thrown in floating-point operations.

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108. What is a transient variable?

A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized during Serialization and
which is initialized by its default value during de-serialization,

109. What is synchronization?

Synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared
resources. synchronized keyword in java provides locking which ensures mutual
exclusive access of shared resource and prevent data race.

110. What is the Collections API?

The Collections API is a set of classes and interfaces that support operations on
collections of objects.

111. Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not

run out of memory?
Garbage collection does not guarantee that a program will not run out of memory. It is
possible for programs to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage
collected. It is also possible for programs to create objects that are not subject to
garbage collection.

112. The immediate superclass of the Applet class?

Panel is the immediate superclass. A panel provides space in which an application can
attach any other component, including other panels.

113. Which Java operator is right associative?

The = operator is right associative.

114. What is the difference between a break statement and a

continue statement?
A break statement results in the termination of the statement to which it applies (switch,
for, do, or while). A continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and
return control to the loop statement.

115. If a variable is declared as private, where may the variable

be accessed?

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A private variable may only be accessed within the class in which it is declared.

116. What is the purpose of the System class?

The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.

117. List primitive Java types?

The eight primitive types are byte, char, short, int, long, float, double, and boolean.

118. What is the relationship between clipping and repainting

under AWT?
When a window is repainted by the AWT painting thread, it sets the clipping regions to
the area of the window that requires repainting.

119. Which class is the immediate superclass of the Container

class?
Component class is the immediate super class.

120. What class of exceptions are generated by the Java run-time

system?
The Java runtime system generates RuntimeException and Error exceptions.

121. Under what conditions is an object's finalize() method

invoked by the garbage collector?
The garbage collector invokes an object's finalize() method when it detects that the
object has become unreachable.

122. How can a dead thread be restarted?

A dead thread cannot be restarted.

123. Which arithmetic operations can result in the throwing of an

ArithmeticException?
Integer / and % can result in the throwing of an ArithmeticException.

124. Variable of the boolean type is automatically initialized as?

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The default value of the boolean type is false.

125. Can try statements be nested?

Yes

126. What are ClassLoaders?

A class loader is an object that is responsible for loading classes. The class ClassLoader
is an abstract class.

127. What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract

class?

An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An
Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement
default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public
members and no implementation.

128. What will happen if static modifier is removed from the

signature of the main method?
Program throws "NoSuchMethodError" error at runtime.

129. What is the default value of an object reference declared as

an instance variable?

Null, unless it is defined explicitly.

130. Can a top level class be private or protected?

No, a top level class can not be private or protected. It can have either "public" or no
modifier.

131. Why do we need wrapper classes?

We can pass them around as method parameters where a method expects an object. The
wrapper class also provides utility methods.

132. What is the difference between error and an exception?

An error is an irrecoverable condition occurring at runtime. Such as OutOfMemory error.
Exceptions are conditions that occur because of bad input etc. e.g.

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FileNotFoundException will be thrown if the specified file does not exist.

133. Is it necessary that each try block must be followed by a

catch block?
It is not necessary that each try block must be followed by a catch block. It should be
followed by either a catch block or a finally block.

134. When a thread is created and started, what is its initial state?
A thread is in the ready state as initial state after it has been created and started.

135. What is the Locale class?

The Locale class is used to tailor program output to the conventions of a particular
geographic, political, or cultural region.

136. What are synchronized methods and synchronized

statements?
Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A
synchronized statement can only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the
object or class referenced in the synchronized statement.

137. What is runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch?

Runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch is a process in which a call to an
overridden method is resolved at runtime rather than at compile-time. In this process,
an overridden method is called through the reference variable of a superclass.

138. What is Dynamic Binding(late binding)?

Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to
the call. Dynamic binding means that the code associated with a given procedure call is
not known until the time of the call at run-time.

139. Can constructor be inherited?

No, constructor cannot be inherited.

140. What are the advantages of ArrayList over arrays?

ArrayList can grow dynamically and provides more powerful insertion and search
mechanisms than arrays.

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141. Why deletion in LinkedList is fast than ArrayList?

Deletion in linked list is fast because it involves only updating the next pointer in the
node before the deleted node and updating the previous pointer in the node after the
deleted node.

142. How do you decide when to use ArrayList and LinkedList?

If you need to frequently add and remove elements from the middle of the list and only
access the list elements sequentially, then LinkedList should be used. If you need to
support random access, without inserting or removing elements from any place other
than the end, then ArrayList should be used.

143. What is a Values Collection View ?

It is a collection returned by the values() method of the Map Interface, It contains all the
objects present as values in the map.

144. What is dot operator?

The dot operator(.) is used to access the instance variables and methods of class
objects.It is also used to access classes and sub-packages from a package.

145. Where and how can you use a private constructor?

Private constructor is used if you do not want other classes to instantiate the object and
to prevent subclassing.T

146. What is type casting?

Type casting means treating a variable of one type as though it is another type.

147. Describe life cycle of thread?

A thread is a execution in a program. The life cycle of a thread include −

Newborn state

Runnable state

Running state

Blocked state

Dead state

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148. What is the difference between the >> and >>> operators?

The >> operator carries the sign bit when shifting right. The >>> zero-fills bits that
have been shifted out.

149. Which method of the Component class is used to set the

position and size of a component?

setBounds() method is used for this purpose.

150. What is the range of the short type?

The range of the short type is -(2^15) to 2^15 - 1.

151. What is the immediate superclass of Menu?

MenuItem class

152. Does Java allow Default Arguments?

No, Java does not allow Default Arguments.

153. Which number is denoted by leading zero in java?

Octal Numbers are denoted by leading zero in java, example: 06

154. Which number is denoted by leading 0x or 0X in java?

Hexadecimal Numbers are denoted by leading 0x or 0X in java, example − 0XF

155. Break statement can be used as labels in Java?

Yes, an example can be break one;

156. Where import statement is used in a Java program?

Import statement is allowed at the beginning of the program file after package
statement.

157. Explain suspend() method under Thread class?

It is used to pause or temporarily stop the execution of the thread.

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158. Explain isAlive() method under Thread class?

It is used to find out whether a thread is still running or not.

159. What is currentThread()?

It is a public static method used to obtain a reference to the current thread.

160. Explain main thread under Thread class execution?

The main thread is created automatically and it begins to execute immediately when a
program starts. It ia thread from which all other child threads originate.

161. Life cycle of an applet includes which steps?

Life cycle involves the following steps −

Initialization

Starting

Stopping

Destroying

Painting

162. Why is the role of init() method under applets?

It initializes the applet and is the first method to be called.

163. Which method is called by Applet class to load an image?

getImage(URL object, filename) is used for this purpose.

164. Define code as an attribute of Applet?

It is used to specify the name of the applet class.

165. Define canvas?

It is a simple drawing surface which are used for painting images or to perform other
graphical operations.

166. Define Network Programming?

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It refers to writing programs that execute across multiple devices (computers), in which
the devices are all connected to each other using a network.

167. What is a Socket?

Sockets provide the communication mechanism between two computers using TCP. A
client program creates a socket on its end of the communication and attempts to connect
that socket to a server.

168. Advantages of Java Sockets?

Sockets are flexible and sufficient. Efficient socket based programming can be easily
implemented for general communications. It cause low network traffic.

169. Disadvantages of Java Sockets?

Socket based communications allows only to send packets of raw data between
applications. Both the client-side and server-side have to provide mechanisms to make
the data useful in any way.

170. Which class is used by server applications to obtain a port

and listen for client requests?

java.net.ServerSocket class is used by server applications to obtain a port and listen for
client requests

171. Which class represents the socket that both the client and
server use to communicate with each other?

java.net.Socket class represents the socket that both the client and server use to
communicate with each other.

172. Why Generics are used in Java?

Generics provide compile-time type safety that allows programmers to catch invalid
types at compile time. Java Generic methods and generic classes enable programmers to
specify, with a single method declaration, a set of related methods or, with a single class
declaration, a set of related types.

173. What environment variables do I need to set on my machine

in order to be able to run Java programs?
CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables.

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174. Is there any need to import java.lang package?

No, there is no need to import this package. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM.

175. What is Nested top-level class?

If a class is declared within a class and specify the static modifier, the compiler treats the
class just like any other top-level class. Nested top-level class is an Inner class.

176. What is Externalizable interface?

Externalizable is an interface which contains two methods readExternal and

writeExternal. These methods give you a control over the serialization mechanism.

177. If System.exit (0); is written at the end of the try block, will
the finally block still execute?

No in this case the finally block will not execute because when you say System.exit (0);
the control immediately goes out of the program, and thus finally never executes.

178. What is daemon thread?

Daemon thread is a low priority thread, which runs intermittently in the back ground
doing the garbage collection operation for the java runtime system.

179. Which method is used to create the daemon thread?

setDaemon method is used to create a daemon thread.

180. Which method must be implemented by all threads?

All tasks must implement the run() method

181. What is the GregorianCalendar class?

The GregorianCalendar provides support for traditional Western calendars

182. What is the SimpleTimeZone class?

The SimpleTimeZone class provides support for a Gregorian calendar .

183. What is the difference between the size and capacity of a

Vector?

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The size is the number of elements actually stored in the vector, while capacity is the
maximum number of elements it can store at a given instance of time.

184. Can a vector contain heterogenous objects?

Yes a Vector can contain heterogenous objects. Because a Vector stores everything in
terms of Object.

185. What is an enumeration?

An enumeration is an interface containing methods for accessing the underlying data

structure from which the enumeration is obtained. It allows sequential access to all the
elements stored in the collection.

186. What is difference between Path and Classpath?

Path and Classpath are operating system level environment variales. Path is defines
where the system can find the executables(.exe) files and classpath is used to specify
the location of .class files.

187. Can a class declared as private be accessed outside it's

package?

No, it's not possible to accessed outside it's package.

188. What are the restriction imposed on a static method or a

static block of code?

A static method should not refer to instance variables without creating an instance and
cannot use "this" operator to refer the instance.

189. Can an Interface extend another Interface?

Yes an Interface can inherit another Interface, for that matter an Interface can extend
more than one Interface.

190. Which object oriented Concept is achieved by using

overloading and overriding?

Polymorphism

191. What is an object's lock and which object's have locks?

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An object's lock is a mechanism that is used by multiple threads to obtain synchronized

access to the object. A thread may execute a synchronized method of an object only
after it has acquired the object's lock.

192. What is Downcasting?

It is the casting from a general to a more specific type, i.e. casting down the hierarchy.

193. What are order of precedence and associativity and how are
they used?

Order of precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated in

expressions. Associatity determines whether an expression is evaluated left-to-right or
right-to-left.

194. If a method is declared as protected, where may the method

be accessed?

A protected method may only be accessed by classes or interfaces of the same package
or by subclasses of the class in which it is declared.

195. What is the difference between inner class and nested class?

When a class is defined within a scope of another class, then it becomes inner class. If
the access modifier of the inner class is static, then it becomes nested class.

196. What restrictions are placed on method overriding?

Overridden methods must have the same name, argument list, and return type. The
overriding method may not limit the access of the method it overrides.

197. What is constructor chaining and how is it achieved in Java?

A child object constructor always first needs to construct its parent. In Java it is done via
an implicit call to the no-args constructor as the first statement.

198. Can a double value be cast to a byte?

Yes, a double value can be cast to a byte.

199. How does a try statement determine which catch clause

should be used to handle an exception?

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When an exception is thrown within the body of a try statement, the catch clauses of the
try statement are examined in the order in which they appear. The first catch clause that
is capable of handling the exception is executed. The remaining catch clauses are
ignored.

200. What will be the default values of all the elements of an array
defined as an instance variable?

If the array is an array of primitive types, then all the elements of the array will be
initialized to the default value corresponding to that primitive type.

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