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Unit 5 GIS in Disaster Management

The document discusses the advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their application in disaster management, particularly in damage assessment following natural and manmade disasters. It highlights the integration of satellite imagery, GPS, and remote sensing technologies to improve the accuracy and efficiency of damage assessments. Additionally, it covers various applications of GIS, including flood inundation mapping and urban fire risk analysis.

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Sudhansu Verma
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17 views47 pages

Unit 5 GIS in Disaster Management

The document discusses the advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their application in disaster management, particularly in damage assessment following natural and manmade disasters. It highlights the integration of satellite imagery, GPS, and remote sensing technologies to improve the accuracy and efficiency of damage assessments. Additionally, it covers various applications of GIS, including flood inundation mapping and urban fire risk analysis.

Uploaded by

Sudhansu Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=P51p977PlAo
Acquisition of GIS and Satellite Data

GIS technology offers a complete perspective of areas


affected by disasters and excels in mapping and spatial
analysis where real-time mapping of disaster zones is made
possible by GIS through the use of high-resolution satellite
imagery, aircraft surveys and ground-based sensors.
The 1990s were designated the International Decade for Natural Disaster
Reduction by the United Nations General Assembly. This push for
decrease of loss of life, property destruction, and social and economic
disruption brought advancements in disaster management, including
damage assessment.

Damage assessment in the wake of natural and manmade disasters is a


useful tool for government agencies, insurance companies, and
researchers. As technologies evolve damage assessment processes
constantly evolve as well.

Alongside the advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote


sensing, and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, as well as the
growing awareness of the needs of a standard operating procedure for
GIS-based damage assessment and a need to make the damage assessment
process as quick and accurate as possible, damage assessment procedures
are becoming easier to execute and the results are becoming more accurate
and robust.
With these technological breakthroughs, multi-disciplinary damage
assessment reconnaissance teams have become more efficient in their
assessment methods through better organization and more robust through
addition of new datasets. Damage assessment personnel are aided by
software tools that offer high-level analysis and increasingly rapid damage
assessment methods.
GIS software has advanced the damage assessment methods of these teams
by combining remotely sensed aerial imagery, GPS, and other technologies
to expand the uses of the data.
GIS allows researchers to use aerial imagery to show field collected data in
the geographic location that it was collected so that information can be
revisited, measurements can be taken, and data can be disseminated to
other researchers and the public.
The GIS-based data available to the reconnaissance team includes
photographs of damage, worksheets, calculations, voice messages collected
while studying the affected area, and many other datasets which are based
on the type of disaster and the research field. Along with visually mapping
the data, geometric calculations can be conducted on the data to give the
viewer more information about the damage.
This damage contour was created in GIS based on the Enhanced Fujita (EF)
damage scale, and gives the viewer an easily understood picture of the
extent and distribution of the tornado. This thesis aims to describe a
foundational groundwork for activities that are performed in the GIS-based
damage assessment procedure and provide uses for the damage assessment
as well as research being conducted on how to use the data collected from
these assessments.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362181024_Flash_Flood_in_Himal
ayan_Region_of_Uttrakhand_A_Case_Study_of_Kedarnath_Flood_2013_and
_Rishi_Ganga_Flash_Flood_Reini_Village_2021#fullTextFileContent
Disaster Shelter Sites
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267633987_Site_Selection_Criteria
_for_Sheltering_after_Earthquake_A_Systematic_Review
Flood Inundation Mapping

Flood inundation mapping is used to define the zones


which are more susceptible to flood along the river when
the release of a stream surpasses the bank-full stage along
the river. Using the past data on river banks and the
release of earlier floods besides topographic data, maps
were made to illustrate areas predictable to be covered
with the flood for different releases.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227621001381
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227621001381
Urban Fire Risk Mapping

Urban fire risk According to The urban fire risk was


analyzed by determining factors which influence urban fire
rate, i.e. combustible or non-combustible building material,
building density, whether the area was crossed by arterial
or collector road, and the distance from potential water
source.
http://103.195.142.203/storage/dokumen/artikel-1618936844-
33%20A%20GIS-based.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349668448_URBAN_FIRE_RISK_MAP
PING_USING_GIS_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_YUSHAN_TOWN_IN_KUNSHAN_CITY_CHI
NA#fullTextFileContent

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