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This document is an assignment for the Bachelor of Statistics and Data Science program at Strathmore Institute, focusing on probability theory. It includes various tasks such as drawing Venn diagrams, analyzing gender combinations in a family, and calculating probabilities related to events and distributions. The assignment requires group collaboration, clear workings, and submission by a specified deadline.

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9 views

Assignment(1)

This document is an assignment for the Bachelor of Statistics and Data Science program at Strathmore Institute, focusing on probability theory. It includes various tasks such as drawing Venn diagrams, analyzing gender combinations in a family, and calculating probabilities related to events and distributions. The assignment requires group collaboration, clear workings, and submission by a specified deadline.

Uploaded by

shedrinshedz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strathmore Institute of Mathematical Sciences

Bachelor of Statistics and Data Science

STA 1101: Introduction to Probability Theory


Assignment
th
Deadline: 10:00 Am on Friday, 19 July, 2024 Submission at: Jasiri Staf f room

Instructions:
(i) Answer All the Questions.

(ii) Show all your workings clearly.

(iii) Do it in groups of 3. Class representative to share with me the groups


and the respective group members.

(iv) Clearly indicate the admission numbers of all the group members on the
first page of your work.

1. Draw Venn diagrams to verify Demorgan’s laws. That is , for any two sets A and B,

(A ∪ B)c = Ac ∩ B c , and (A ∩ B)c = Ac ∪ B c

2. Suppose a family contains two children of different ages, and we are interested in the
gender of these children. Let F denote that a child is female and M that the child is male
and let a pair such as FM denote that the older child is female and the younger child is
male. There are four points in the set S of possible observations

S = {F F, F M, M F, M M }

Let A denote the subset of possibilities containing no males; B, the subset containing two
males; and C, the subset containing at least one male. List the elements of A, B, C, A∩B,
A ∪ B, A ∪ C, A ∩ C, B ∩ C, B ∪ C, and C ∩ B c .
3. Consider the following events in the toss of a fair die:
A: Observe an odd number.
B : Observe an even number.
C : Observe 1 or 2.
(a) Are A and B independent events?

1
(b) Are A and C independent events?

4. During an eight-hour shift, the proportion of time X, that a sheet-metal stamping machine
is down for maintenance or repairs has a beta distribution with α = 1 and β = 2, i.e.

2(1 − x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

f (x) =

 0, Otherwise

The cost (in thousands of Kenya shillings) of this downtime, due to lost production and
cost maintenance and repair, is given by K = 10 + 20X + 4X 2 . Find the:
(a) Mean of K.

(b) Variance of K.

5. If A and B are two sets, draw Venn diagrams to verify the following:
(a) A = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B c )

(b) If B ⊂ A, then A = B ∪ (A ∩ B c )

(c) Use the identities A = A ∩ S and S = B ∪ B and a distributive law to prove that:
(i) A = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B c )
(ii) If B ⊂ A then A = B ∪ (A ∩ B c )
(iii) Furthermore, show that (A ∩ B) and (A ∩ B c ) are mutually exclusive and there-
fore that A is the union of two mutually exclusive sets, (A ∩ B) and A ∩ B c .

6. If two events, A and B, are such that P (A) = 0.5, P (B) = 0.3, and P (A ∩ B) = 0.1, find
the following:
(a) P (A|B)

(b) P (B|A)

(c) P (A|A ∪ B)

(d) P (A|A ∩ B)

(e) P (A ∩ B|A ∪ B)

7. Three brands of coffee, X, Y and Z, are to be ranked according to taste by a judge. Define
the following events:
A: Brand X is preferred to Y.
B : Brand X is ranked first.
C : Brand X is ranked second best.
D: Brand X is ranked third best.
If the judge actually has no taste preference and randomly assigns ranks to the brands,
is event A independent of events B, C, and D ?
8. A study of the post-treatment behavior of a large number of drug abusers suggests that
the likelihood of conviction within a two-year period after treatment may depend upon
the offenders education. The proportions of the total number of cases falling in four
education-conviction categories are shown in the following table.
Suppose that a single offender is selected from the treatment programme. Define the
events:
A: The offender has 10 or more years of education.
B : The offender is convicted within two years after completion of treatment.
Find the following:
(a) P (A ∩ B)

2
Status within two years after treatment
Education Convicted Not convicted T otal
10 years or more 0.10 0.30 0.40
9 years or less 0.27 0.33 0.60
T otal 0.37 0.63 1.00

(b) P (A ∪ B)

(c) P (A ∪ B)c

(d) P (A ∩ B)c

(e) P (A|B)

9. Flaws in a certain brand of tape occur on the average of one flaw per 1200 feet. If one
assumes a Poisson distribution,
(i) Write down the distribution (probability mass function) of X, the number of flaws
in 4800-foot roll.

(ii) What is the probability that there are 0 flaws?

END

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