CAPS

REVISION

FUNCTIONS

GRADE 12
 CONCEPT HOW TO LEARN IT? RELEVANT FORMULAE AND
KEYWORDS
Straight line Standard form: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
Calculating the gradient
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
Substitute the gradient and given point.
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑥 = 𝑎: vertical line 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎: 𝑥 – intercept
𝑦 = 𝑏: horizontal line
𝑏: 𝑦 – intercept
𝑥 – intercept and 𝑦 – intercept Intercept, coordinates, 𝑥 – axis, 𝑦 – axis

Plotting the graph Sketch, plot, graph paper, relationship

Finding the equation Standard form, derive

Linear function
Plot co-ordinates from a table then move on to For every function that you have drawn check if
dual intercept or any other method. you can interpret it yourself.

Ask yourself questions like:

What is the gradient of this function?

What are the intercepts of this function?

This is asked more on analytical geometry and in If you can get the equation of a tangent from
calculus. calculus then you have mastered this section.

Expect this topic integrated in any section.

Hyperbola Standard form: 𝑎
𝑦= +𝑞
𝑥+𝑝
𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑥 (NB: 𝑥 is the denominator)
𝑝: vertical asymptote
Axes of symmetry: 𝑦 = −𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑞: horizontal asymptote
If 𝑎 > 0, plot the graph in the first and third
quadrants. 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 𝑝) + 𝑞: axis of symmetry with positive
gradient.
If 𝑎 < 0, plot the graph in the second and fourth
quadrants. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑝 + 𝑞: axis of symmetry with negative
gradient.
𝑥 = −𝑝: vertical asymptote

𝑦 = 𝑞: horizontal asymptote

If 𝑝 > 0, the graph will shift 𝑝 units to the left.

If 𝑝 < 0, the graph will shift 𝑝 units to the right.

If 𝑞 > 0, the graph will shift 𝑞 units upwards.

If 𝑞 < 0, the graph will shift 𝑝 units downwards.

𝑎
There are two axes of symmetry. 𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ (−∞ ; ∞) where 𝑥 ≠ −𝑝

Range: 𝑦 ∈ (−∞ ; ∞) where 𝑦 ≠ 𝑞

If the sketch is given: Find the equation of asymptotes:

3
 Horizontal asymptotes: 𝑦 = 𝑞 (dotted line) Find the equation of the 𝑓(𝑥).

Vertical asymptote: 𝑥 = −𝑝 (dotted line) Find the equation of symmetry: They are specific
in terms of the gradient if gradient is not mentioned
Identify any intercepts. then give both a negative gradient and the positive
one.
Plot coordinates from a table then move on to For every function that you have drawn check if
dual intercept or any other method. you can interpret it yourself.

Ask yourself questions like:

What are the asymptotes of this function?

What are the intercepts of this function?
Study different examples. This function is on its own.

Know how to find the equation of a hyperbola. But be careful because sometimes they can give
you this function in one quadrant and hide the other
part.
Parabola Standard form: 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )

Note: the exponent of 𝑥 is always 2. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑝)2 + 𝑞

If 𝑎 > 0: the graph becomes concave up. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2

If 𝑎 < 0: the graph becomes concave down.

𝑏
Axis of symmetry: 𝑥 = − 2𝑎

𝑏 𝑏
Turning point: [− 2𝑎 ; 𝑓 (− 2𝑎)] or (−𝑝 ; 𝑞)

4
 Completing the square.
Identify if what is given in the graph: usually one Find the equation of parabola if passes through
point and the turning point will be given: point (𝑎; 𝑏) and turning point (𝑝; 𝑞).

Or 𝑥 and 𝑦 intercepts will be given. The root of the graph is (𝑎; 0) and (𝑏; 0) (0; 𝑦)

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ (−∞ ; ∞)

Range:

If 𝑎 > 0 then you have a minimum value at 𝑞, 𝑦 ≥ 𝑞

If 𝑎 < 0 then you have a maximum value at 𝑞, 𝑦 ≤ 𝑞

Plot co-ordinates from a table then move on to For every function that you have drawn check if
dual intercept or any other method. you can interpret it yourself.

Ask yourself questions like:

What is the axis of symmetry and the turning of

this function?
What are the intercepts of this function?
Know how to find the equation of a parabola. One needs to be very careful because they can give
you a function which is restricted here.
You must be able to read off from the graph.
• And this can be asked in Physical Sciences.

• Check where the function increases and decreases.

• At the turning point the gradient is zero.

Exponential function Standard form: 𝑦 = 𝑎. 𝑏 𝑥 ; 𝑎 > 1 or 0 < 𝑎 < 1 𝑦 = 𝑎. 𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑞 ; 𝑎 > 1 or 0 < 𝑎 < 1

5
There is one horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞 𝑦 = 𝑎. 𝑏 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞 ; 𝑎 > 1 or 0 < 𝑎 < 1

If 𝑝 > 0, the graph will shift 𝑝 units to the left.

If 𝑝 < 0, the graph will shift 𝑝 units to the right.

If 𝑞 > 0, the graph will shift 𝑞 units upwards.

If 𝑞 < 0, the graph will shift 𝑝 units downwards.

For any exponential function:

𝑦 = 𝑎. 𝑏 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞 ; 𝑏 > 0, 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ (−∞ ; ∞)

Range: 𝑦 ∈ (𝑞 ; ∞)

Mostly only horizontal asymptotes that is identified: Mostly in the exam they will give you a graphs /
𝑦=𝑞 functions and you need to know how to interpret
them.

Plot co-ordinates from a table then move on to For every function that you have drawn check if
dual intercept or any other method. you can interpret it yourself.

Ask yourself questions like:

What are the asymptotes of this function?

What are the intercepts of this function?
Know how to find the equation of a parabola. Check where the function increases and decreases.

You must be able to plot and interpret.

6
Theory on functions Definition of a function.

One-to-one relation and many-to-one.

Difference between graph and function.

Vertical and horizontal line test.

The f – Notation.

Increasing and decreasing functions.

Domain and the range.

End-points of the function.

Identify shape of each graph and label them e.g. Vertical line test
straight line, exponential, log, hyperbola and parabola.
Horizontal line test
Identify all the points given.
One-to-one function
Know the asymptotes in case you are given an
exponential or hyperbola graph usually are identified Many – to – one function
by dotted line.
Relation
Know the axis of symmetry or the turning point if
parabola is given.
Plot co-ordinates from a table then move on to dual For every function that you have drawn check if
intercept or any other method. you can interpret it yourself.
Ask yourself questions like:

What is the domain and range of this function?

Is this a one to one or many to one?

7
 Know the horizontal and vertical line test to test for a
function.

One – to – one function

Many – to – one function
Theory on inverses Reflection about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. Exponential to logarithm:

Write the equation in the form 𝑦 = … 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦 → 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥

Change exponential to logarithm form.
Inverse of a parabola:
Restrict the domain to make the inverse of parabola to
be a function. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 → 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 → 𝑦 = ±√𝑥
It is the reflection about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. Inverse 𝑓 −1
Plot co-ordinates from a table then move on to dual Try to restrict all the domain of the parabola that
intercept or any other method. you have drawn in Grade 11 so that its inverses can
be a function.
The reflection about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥, (𝑥; 𝑦) = (𝑦; 𝑥) Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦 values
Logarithmic function Remember that this is an exponential inverse. 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥
Know that the inverse of log is exponents. Exponential equation will be given and you will be
asked to give the inverse equation in the form:
Know how to change exponents to logs. 𝑦= …
Plot co-ordinates from a table then move on to dual For every function that you have drawn check if
intercept or any other method. you can interpret it yourself.

Ask yourself questions like:

What are the asymptotes of this function?

What are the intercepts of this function?
Know that it is the inverse of an exponential function. Check where the function increases and decreases.
Know your theory well and how
to interchange between logs and exponents.

8
 Function
Definition:
A function is a relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦, where for every 𝑥 – value there is only
on 𝑦 – value
Test for function:
One way to decide whether or not a graph represents a function is to use the vertical
line (any line parallel to the 𝑦 −axis or perpendicular to 𝑥 −axis) test, such that this
line cuts the graph at once (at only one point).

If this line cuts the graph more than once (at more than one point), then the graph is not
a function.

Function notation:

𝑓(𝑥) means the each 𝑦 −value in the function 𝑓 has an 𝑥 −value.

Type of function:
One – To – One: Where an 𝑥 −value is associated with only one 𝑦 −value.
Vertical line test cuts the graph once (at only one point)
Horizontal line test cuts the graph once (at only one point)
Many – To – One: Where more than one 𝑥 −value are associated with only one
𝑦 −value. For an example: a parabola is a many-to-one function.
Vertical line test cuts the graph once (at only one point).
Horizontal line test cuts the graph more than once (more than one
point)
Not a function:
One – To – Many: Where an 𝑥 −value is associated with more than one 𝑦 −value.
Vertical line test cuts the graphs more than once (at more than one
point.
Terminology:
Term Description
Asymptote
Axis of
symmetry
Domain Is a set of all possible 𝑥 – values for which the function or graph is defined.

Intercept
Maximum Is the maximum 𝑦 – value in the range of a function or a graph, for which
above it the function will not be defined.

Minimum Is the minimum 𝑦 – value in the range of a function or a graph, for which
below it the function will not be defined.

Range Is a set of all possible 𝑦 – values for which the function or graph is defined.

Turning point

10
For which values of 𝒙 will:

𝑓′(𝑥) > 0 Positive gradient 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing

𝑓′(𝑥) < 0 Negative gradient 𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing

𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) > 0 Case 1: 𝑓(𝑥) > 0 & 𝑔(𝑥) > 0 Positive product

Case 2: 𝑓(𝑥) < 0 & 𝑔(𝑥) < 0

𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) < 0 Case 1: 𝑓(𝑥) < 0 & 𝑔(𝑥) > 0 Negative product

Case 2: 𝑓(𝑥) > 0 & 𝑔(𝑥) < 0

𝑓(𝑥) > 0 𝑦 – values are greater than zero 𝑦 is above the 𝑥 – axis

𝑓(𝑥) < 0 𝑦 – values are less than zero 𝑦 is below the 𝑥 – axis

11
 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 Gradient is zero At the turning point

𝑓′(𝑥) > 0 and 𝑔′(𝑥) > 0 Both gradients are positive Both graphs are increasing

𝑓′(𝑥) < 0 and 𝑔′(𝑥) < 0 Both gradients are negative Both graphs are decreasing

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) Both graph are equal Both graphs have the same
𝑥 – value and the 𝑦 –
value
𝑥. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 Case 1: 𝑥 × 𝑚 Positive product

Case 2: −𝑥 × −𝑚 Value of 𝑥 multiplied by

the gradient
𝑥. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0 Case 1: 𝑥 × −𝑚 Negative product

Case 2: −𝑥 × 𝑚 Value of 𝑥 multiplied by

the gradient
𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 Case 1: 𝑦 × 𝑚 Positive product

Case 2: −𝑦 × −𝑚 Value of 𝑦 multiplied by

the gradient
𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0 Case 1: −𝑦 × 𝑚 Negative product

Case 2: 𝑦 × −𝑚 Value of 𝑦 multiplied by

the gradient

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
TUTORIAL 1
Activity 1
𝑥+3
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1

1.1 Calculate the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercept and 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓. (4)

2
1.2 Show that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 + 1. (2)

1.3 Write down the equations of the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

12
1.4 Draw a sketch graph of 𝑓(𝑥) showing clearly the intercepts and asymptotes on the
axes provided on DIAGRAM SHEET attached. (4)
2
1.5 Use your graph to solve: 𝑥+1 ≥ 1. (3)

[15]
Activity 2
2
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = +1
𝑥−3

2.1 Write down the equation of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

2.2 Calculate the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercept and 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓. (3)
2.3 Sketch 𝑓 on the grid provided on the DIAGRAM SHEET. Show all intercepts with the
axes and the asymptotes. (3)
[8]
Activity 3
𝑎
3.1 The function defined as 𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞 has the following properties:

 The domain if 𝑥 ∈ ℛ, 𝑥 ≠ −2.

 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6 is an axis of symetry.
 The function is increasing for all 𝑥 ∈ ℛ, 𝑥 ≠ −2.

Draw a neat sketch of the graph of this function. Your sketch must include the if any.
[4]

Activity 4
3
Given the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = − 3.
𝑥−2

4.1 Write down the equation of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

4.2 Determine the coordinates intercepts of the graph of 𝑓. (3)
4.3 Make a neat sketch of 𝑓, using the DIAGRAM SHEET provided. Indicate all
intercepts with the axes. (4)
4.4 Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of 𝑓 with a negative gradient. (2)
4.5 Write down the range of 𝑓(𝑥) + 2. (1)

13
 [12]
Activity 5
3
Consider the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = −2
𝑥−1

5.1 Write down the equation of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

5.2 Determine the coordinates of the intercepts of the graph of 𝑓 with the axes. (3)
5.3 Sketch the graph of 𝑓 on DIAGRAM SHEET provided. (3)
5.4 Write down the range of 𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥). (1)
−3
5.5 Describe, in words, the transformation of 𝑓 to 𝑔 if 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 − 2. (2)

[11]

TUTORIAL 2
Activity 1
𝑎
The diagram below represents the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = + 𝑞. T(5; 3) is a point of 𝑓.
𝑥−𝑝

14
1.1 Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑝 and 𝑞. (4)
1.2 If the graph of 𝑓 is reflected across the line having equation 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑐, the new
graph coincides with the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Determine the value of 𝑐. (3)
[7]

Activity 2
𝑎
Sketched below are the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞 and g(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑏 + 𝑐.
5
A (2 ; 0) is a point of the graph of 𝑓. P is the turning point of 𝑓. The asymptotes of g are
represented by the dotted lines. The graph of 𝑔 passes through the origin.

15
2.1 Determine the equation of g. (4)
2.2 Determine the coordinates of 𝑃, the turning point of 𝑓. (4)
2.3 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of g(𝑥 − 1). (2)
2.4 Write down the equation of ℎ, if ℎ is the image of 𝑓 reflected in the 𝑥-axis. (1)
[11]

Activity 3
1 1
Sketched below are the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and g(𝑥) = − + 1.
2 𝑥+1

P and Q are the points of intersection of 𝑓 and g.

16
 1
3.1 Show that the coordinates of P and Q are P(−2; 2) and Q(1; 2) respectively. (6)

3.2 An axis of symmetry of the graph of g is a straight line defined a 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐,

where 𝑚 > 0. Write down the equation of this straight lie in the form 𝑦 = ℎ(𝑥) = … (2)
3.3 Determine the equation of ℎ−1 in the form 𝑦 = … (2)
1
3.4 Show algebraically that g(𝑥) + g (2) = g(−𝑥). g(𝑥 − 1). (𝑥 ≠ 0 or 𝑥 ≠ 1). (3)

[13]

Activity 4
𝑎
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑝 + 𝑞. The point A(2; 3) is the point of intersection of the asymptotes of 𝑓.

The graph of 𝑓 intersects the 𝑥-axis at (1; 0). D is the 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓.

17
4.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)
4.2 Determine the equation of 𝑓. (3)
4.3 Write down the coordinates of D. (2)
4.4 Write down the equation of g if g is the straight line joining A and D. (2)
4.5 Write down the coordinates of the other point of intersection of 𝑓 and g. (4)
[14]

Activity 5
−3
The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 + 5 and g(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 2 are sketeched below.

18
5.1 Write down the range of 𝑓. (1)
5.2 Determine the coordinates of the points of intersection of 𝑓 and g. (7)
3
5.3 Describe the transformation of 𝑓 to ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 + 5. (1)

[9]

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS & INVERSES

TUTORIAL 3

19
Activity 1
1 𝑥
Consider the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = (3) .

1.1 Is 𝑓 an increasing or decreasing function? Give a reason for your answer. (2)
1.2 Determine 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) in the form 𝑦 = … (2)
1.3 Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥) − 5. (1)
1.4 Describe the transformation from 𝑓 to g if g(𝑥) = log 3 𝑥. (2)
[7]
Activity 2
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥
2.1 Determine an equation for 𝑓 −1 in the form 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = … (1)
2.2 Sketch, in the DIAGRAM SHEET, the graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑓 −1 , showing clearly ALL
intercepts with the axes. (4)
2.3 Write down the domain of 𝑓 −1 . (2)
2.4 For which values of 𝑥 will 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) ≤ 0? (2)
2.5 Write down the range of ℎ(𝑥) = 3−𝑥 − 4. (2)
2.6 Write down the equation of g if g is the image of the graph of 𝑓 after 𝑓 has been
translated two units to the right and reflected about the 𝑥-axis. (2)
[13]
Activity 3
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2−𝑥
3.1 Write down the equation that defines 𝑓 −1 in the form 𝑦 = … (2)
3.2 Draw the sketch graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑓 −1 on the same system of axes. Clearly label
the graphs as well as all possible intercepts with the axes. (4)
3.3 By means of a dotted line, draw the axis of symmetry of g and 𝑓 −1 . (1)
3.4 Write down the axis of symmetry. (1)
3.5 For which value(s) of 𝑥 if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)? (1)
[9]
TUTORIAL 4
Activity 1

20
1.1 Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = log 5 𝑥
Determine 𝑓 −1 . (2)
1.2 Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
1.2.1 Determine the inverse of ℎ in the form 𝑦 = … (2)
1.2.2 Give a reason why the inverse of ℎ is not a function. (2)
1.2.3 Write down TWO ways in which you can restrict the domain of ℎ so that its
inverse is a function. (2)
1.2.4 Hence, sketch the graph of the function ℎ−1. (4)
1.2.5 Determine the value(s) of 𝑥 for which ℎ−1 (𝑥) ≤ 2. (2)
[14]
Activity 2
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 is drawn below.

2.1 Write 𝑓 −1 in the form 𝑦 = … (1)

2.2 Sketch the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 − 2) on the grid provided in the
DIAGRAM SHEET. (4)
2.3 Use your graphs to solve for 𝑥 if log 3 (𝑥 − 2) < 1. (2)
[7]

Activity 3
1
The graph of ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 is sketched below. A (−1; 2) is a point on the graph of ℎ.

21
3.1 Explain why the coordinates of Q are (0; 1). (2)
3.2 Calculate rhe value of 𝑎. (2)
3.3 Write down the eqaution for the inverse function, ℎ−1 , in the form 𝑦 = … (2)
3.4 Draw a sketch grah, on DIAGGRAM SHEET, of ℎ−1 . Indicate on this graph the
coordinates of two points that lie on this graph. (3)
3.5 Read off from your graph the values of 𝑥 for which log 2 𝑥 > −1. (2)
3.6 If g(𝑥) = (100)3𝑥 , determine values of 𝑥 for which ℎ(𝑥) = g(𝑥). (3)
[14]
Activity 4
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , 𝑎 > 1 is shown below. T(2; 9) lies on 𝑓.

4.1 Calculate the value of 𝑎. (2)

4.2 Determine the equation of g(𝑥) if g(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥). (1)

22
4.3 Determine the value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) ≥ 2. (2)
4.4 Is the inverse of 𝑓 a function? Explain your answer. (2)
[7]
Activity 5
1 𝑥
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) is sketeched below.
3

5.1 Write down the domain of 𝑓. (1)

5.2 Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓. (1)
5.3 Write down the equation of 𝑓 −1 in the form 𝑦 = … (2)
5.4 Sketch the graph of 𝑓 −1 in the DIAGRAM SHEET.
Indicate the 𝑥-intercept and ONE other point. (3)
5.5 Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 + 2). (2)
5.6 Prove that: [𝑓(𝑥)]2 − [𝑓(−𝑥)]2 = 𝑓(2𝑥) − 𝑓(−2𝑥) for all values of 𝑥. (3)
[12]

TUTORIAL 5
Activity 1

23
 1
Given the graph of g(𝑥) = log 1 𝑥 . A is the 𝑥-intercept of g. P (9 ; 2) is a point on g.
3

1.1 Write down the coordinates of A. (1)

1.2 Sketch the graph of g −1 indicating an intercept with the axes and ONE other point
on the graph. (3)
1.3 Write down the domain of g −1. (1)
[5]

Activity 2
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 , 𝑥 ≤ 0 is sketched below. The point P(−6; −8) lies on the graph of 𝑓.

24
2.1 Calculate the value of 𝑎. (2)
2.2 Determine the equation of 𝑓 −1 , in the form 𝑦 = … (3)
2.3 Write down the range of 𝑓 −1 . (1)
2.4 Draw the graph of 𝑓 −1 on the DIAGRAM SHEET. Indicate the coordinates of a
point on the different from (0; 0). (2)
2.5 The graph of 𝑓 is reflected across the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 and thereafter it is reflected
across the 𝑥-axis. Determine the equation of the new function in the form 𝑦 = … (3)
[11]

Activity 3

25
Sketched below are the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 and g(𝑥) = −(𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑏, where 𝑏 is a constant.
The graphs of 𝑓 and g intersect the 𝑦-axis at C. D is the turning point of g.

3.1 Show that 𝑏 = 2. (2)

3.2 Write down the coordinates of the turning point of 𝑔. (2)
3.3 Write down the equation 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) in the form 𝑦 = … (1)
3.4 Sketch the graph of 𝑓 −1 on the system of axes on DIAGRAM SHEET.
Indicate the 𝑥-intercept and the coordinates of ONE other point on your graph. (3)
3.5 Write down the equation of ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = g(𝑥 + 1) − 2. (2)
3.6 How can the domain of ℎ be restricted so that ℎ−1 will be a function? (1)
2
3.7 Determine the maximum value of 22−(𝑥−1) . (2)
[13]

Activity 4

26
Sketched below is the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = − log 2 𝑥.

4.1 Write down the domain of 𝑓. (1)

4.2 Write down the equation of 𝑓 −1 in the form 𝑦 = … (1)
4.3 Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓 −1 . (1)
4.4 Explain how, using the graph of 𝑓, you would sketch the graphs of:
4.4.1 𝑔(𝑥) = log 2 𝑥 (1)
4.4.2 ℎ(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 − 5 (3)
4.5 Use the graph of 𝑓 to solve for 𝑥 if log 2 𝑥 < 3. (3)
[10]
Activity 5

The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = −√27𝑥 for 𝑥 ≥ 0 is sketched below.

The point 𝑃(−3; 9) lies on the graph of 𝑓.

5.1 Use your graph to determine the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ −9. (2)
5.2 Write down the equation of 𝑓 −1 in the form 𝑦 = … Include ALL restrictions. (3)
5.3 Sketch 𝑓 −1 , the inverse of 𝑓, on the DIAGRAM SHEET. Indicate the

27
 intercept(s) with the axes and the coordinates of ONE other point. (3)
[8]
Activity 6
In the sketch, the following functions are represented: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 , g(𝑥), the reflection of 𝑓
in the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. ℎ(𝑥), the reflection of g in the line 𝑥-axis.

6.1.1 Determine the defining equations of 𝑔 and ℎ in the form 𝑦 = … (5)

6.1.2 Determine with the aid of the above sketch the value(s) for which:
a) 𝑓(𝑥) > g(𝑥) (1)
𝑔(𝑥)
b) =1 (1)
ℎ(𝑥)

6.2 The following function is given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2

6.2.1 Determine 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). (2)
6.2.2 Is 𝑓 −1 a fucntion? Give a reason for your answer. (2)
6.2.3 How can the domain be restricted so that 𝑓 −1 is a function? (2)
[13]

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

28
 TUTORIAL 6
Activity 1
Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 4𝑥 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 − 8.
1.1 Sketch the graphs of ℎ and 𝑓 on the DIAGRAM SHEET. Indicate ALL intercepts
with the axes and any turning points. (8)
1.2 Without any further calculations, sketch the graph of 𝑦 = log 4 𝑥 = g(𝑥) on the same
system of axes. (2)
1.3 The graph of 𝑓 is shifted 2 units to the LEFT. Write down the equation of the new
graph. (2)
1
1.4 Show, algebraically, that ℎ (𝑥 + 2) = 2ℎ(𝑥). (3)

[15]
Activity 2
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 28 and g(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑘.
2.1 Write down the 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓. (1)
2.2 Determine the 𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓. (3)
2.3 Determine the coordinates of the turning point of 𝑓. (2)
2.4 Sketch the graph of 𝑓. Clearly show the intercepts withn both axes as well as the
coordinates of the turning point. (2)
2.5 Determine the coordinates of point P, a point on 𝑓, where the gradient of the tangent
of 𝑓 at P is equal to 6. (4)
2.6 Determone the euation of g, the straight line passing through the points (−2; 0) and
(4; −36). (3)
2.7 Write down the equation of ℎ in the form ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑝)2 + 𝑞 if
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) − 3. (3)
[18]

Activity 3

29
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 2)2 + 6 and g(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 + 1.
3.1 Draw the graphs of 𝑓 and g on the same set of axes. Clearly show the intercepts with
both axes, as well as the asymptote(s) where applicable. (8)
3.2 Write down the value(s) of 𝑡 if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡 has:
3.2.1 equal roots. (2)
3.2.2 one root equal to 0. (2)
3.3 Write down the equation of the asymptote of ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = g(𝑥) + 1. (2)
[14]
TUTORIAL 7
Activity 1
The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 8 and g(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 24 are sketched below.
𝑓 and g intersect in D and B. A and B are the 𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓.

1.1 Determine the coordinates of A and B. (4)

1.2 Calculate 𝑎, the 𝑥-intercept of D. (4)
1.3 S(𝑥; 𝑦) is a point on the graph of 𝑓, where 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8. ST is drawn parallel to the
𝑦-axis with t on the graph of g. Determine ST in terms of 𝑥. (2)
1.4 Calculate the maximum height of ST. (2)
Activity 2

30
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞 where a, p and q are conctants, is given below. Points E,
F(1; 0) and C are its intercepts with the axes. A(−4; 5) is the reflection of C across the axis of
symmetry of 𝑓. D is the point on the graph such that the straight line thfough A and D has
eqaution g(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 3.

2.1 Write down the coordinate of C. (1)

2.2 Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of 𝑓. (1)
2.3 Calculate the values of 𝑎, 𝑝 and 𝑞. (6)
2.4 If 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5, calculate the 𝑥-coordinate of D. (4)
2.5 The graph of 𝑓 is reflected about the 𝑥-axis. Write down the coordinates of the
turning point of the new parabola. (2)
[14]

Activity 3

31
A parabola 𝑓 intersects the 𝑥-axis at B an C and the 𝑦-axis at E. the axis of symmetry of the
𝑥 7
parabola has equation 𝑥 = 3. The line through E and C has equation g(𝑥) = − .
2 2

3.1 Show that the coordinates of C are (7; 0). (1)

3.2 Calculate the 𝑥-coordinate of B. (1)
3.3 Determine the eqaution of 𝑓 in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞. (6)
3.4 Write down the eqaution of the graph of ℎ, the reflection of 𝑓 in the 𝑥-axis. (1)
3.5 Write down the maximum value of 𝑡(𝑥) if 𝑡(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑓(𝑥). (2)
3.6 Solve for 𝑥 if 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 2) = 0. (4)
[15]

Activity 4

32
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 8 and g(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 are sketched below. B and C(0; 4,5) are
the 𝑦-intercepts of the graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔 respectively. The two graphs intersect at A, which is the
turning point of the graph of 𝑔 and the 𝑥-intercept of the graph of 𝑓 and g.

4.1 Determine the coordinates of a and B. (4)

4.2 Write down an eqaution of the asymptote of the graph of 𝑓. (1)
4.3 Determine an equation of ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(2𝑥) + 8. (2)
4.4 Determine the eqaution of ℎ−1 in the form 𝑦 = … (2)
4.5 Write down the equation of 𝑝, if 𝑝 is the reflection of ℎ−1 about the 𝑥-axis. (1)
[10]

TUTORIAL 8

33
Activity 1
S(−2; 0) and T(6; 0) are the 𝑥-intercepts of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 and R is the 𝑦-
intercept. The straight line through R an T represents the graph of g(𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 𝑑.

1.1 Determine value of 𝑑. (2)

1.2 Determine the equation of 𝑓 in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
1.3 If 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12, calculate the coordinates of the turning point of 𝑓. (2)

1.4 Determine the maximum value of ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑓(𝑥)−12 . (3)

[11]

Activity 2

34
S(1; 18) is the turning point of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. P and T are 𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓.
The graph of g(𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 8 has an 𝑥-intercept at T. R is the point intersection of 𝑓 and g.

2.1 Calculate the coordinates of T. (2)

2.2 Determine the equation for 𝑓 in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. Show ALL your
working. (4)
2.3 If 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 16, calculate the coordinates of R. (4)
2.4 Use your graph to solve for 𝑥 where:
2.4.1 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ g(𝑥). (2)
2.4.2 −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 2 < 0. (4)
[16]

Activity 3

35
The diagram below shows the curve of g which is a quadratic function with a turning point at
A(3; −2) and passes through the origin.

2
3.1 Show that the equation of g(𝑥) = 9 (𝑥 − 3)2 − 2. (3)

3.2 Write down the coordinates of B. (1)

3.3 Is g a one-to-one function or a one-to-many function? Substantiate your answer. (2)
3.4 Draw a sketch graph of g −1 . On this graph, indicate the coordinates of the turning
point as well as ALL intercepts with the axes. (3)
3.5 Determine the range of g −1 so that g −1 will be a function. (1)
3.6 Determine the equation of the graph in the form 𝑦 = … if the graph of g is shifted
horizontally to the left by 2 units. (2)
[12]

Activity 4

36
In the figure, the graph of the parabola 𝑓, intersecting the 𝑥-axis at (𝑎; 0) and (2; 0) is given.
1
Furthermore (4 ; 𝑏) are coordinates of the turning point of the curve of 𝑓, while its point of
intersection with the 𝑦-axis is (0; 6). The point 𝑘; 6) lies on the curve of 𝑓.

Determine:
4.1 the value of 𝑘. (1)
4.2 the value of 𝑎. (1)
4.3 the value of 𝑏 (show the necessary calculations) (6)
4.4 the equation of the tangent to the curve of 𝑓 at the point (0; 6). (3)
[11]

Activity 5

37
The graphs of (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ; 𝑎 ≠ 0 and g(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑘 are drawn below.
D(1; −8) is a common point of 𝑓 and 𝑔. 𝑓 intersects the 𝑥-axis at (−3; 0) and (2; 0). 𝑔 is the
tangent of 𝑓 at D.

5.1 For which values of 𝑥 is 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0? (2)

5.2 Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐. (5)
5.3 Determine the coordinates of the turning point of 𝑓. (3)
5.4 Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 7) + 2. (2)
5.5 Calculate the gradient of g. (3)
[15]

Activity 6

38
The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 18 and of g(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 are sketched below.
Points P and Q are the 𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓. Points Q and R are the 𝑥-intercepts of g. S is the turning
point of g. T is the 𝑦-intercepts of both 𝑓 and g.

6.1 Write down the coordinates of T. (1)

6.2 Determine the coordinates of Q. (3)
6.3 Given that 𝑥 = 4,5 at S, determine the coordinates or R. (2)
6.4 Determine the value(s) of 𝑥 for which g′′(𝑥) > 0. (2)
[8]

39
Hyperbola
Tutorial 1
2
1.4 𝑓(𝑥) = +1 𝑦
𝑥+1

40
 2
2.3 𝑓(𝑥) = +1 𝑦
𝑥−3

41
 3
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = +4 𝑦
𝑥+2

42
 3
4.2 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 𝑦
𝑥−2

43
 3
5.3 𝑓(𝑥) = −2 𝑦
𝑥−1

44
Exponential functions
Tutorial 3
2.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 3−𝑥 and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 3 𝑥
𝑦

45
 1 𝑥
3.2 𝑓(𝑥) = (2) and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log (1) 𝑥
2

46
Tutorial 4

1.2.4 ℎ−1 (𝑥) = +√𝑥 for 𝑦≥0 𝑦

47
2.2 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 3 (𝑥 − 2)

48
3.4 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 2 𝑥

49
5.4 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log (1) 𝑥
3

50
Tutorial 5
1 𝑥
1.2 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = (2)

51
2.4 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = −√𝑥 for 𝑦≤0
𝑦

52
3.4 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 2 𝑥
𝑦

53
5.3 𝑓 −1 for 𝑥 ≥ −2

54
Tutorial 6
1.1

55
2.4 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 28

56
3.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 2)2 + 6 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 + 1

57
Tutorial 8
3.4 𝑔−1

58
 HYPERBOLA
TUTORIAL 1
Activity 1
1.1 𝑥+3
0=
𝑥+1

0=𝑥+3

𝑥 = −3

𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (−3; 0)

0+3
𝑦=
0+1

𝑦=3

𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0; 3)

1.2 𝑥+3
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1

(𝑥 + 1) + 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
𝑥+1 2
𝑓(𝑥) = +
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

2
𝑓(𝑥) = +1
𝑥+1

1.3 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦=1

2
1.4

1.5 2
≥ −1
𝑥+1

2
+1≥0
𝑥+1

𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0

Therefore:

𝑥 > −1

𝑥 < −3

3
Activity 2
2.1 𝑥 = 3

𝑥=1
2.2 2
𝑦= +1
𝑥−3
2
0= +1
𝑥−3
2
−1 =
𝑥−3

−1(𝑥 − 3) = 2

−𝑥 + 3 − 2 = 0

𝑥=1

𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (1; 0)
2
𝑦= +1
0−3
2
𝑦 =− +1
3
1
𝑦=
3

𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0; 0,33)

2.3

4
Activity 3
𝑎
𝑦= +𝑞
𝑥+𝑝
𝑎
𝑦= +𝑞
𝑥+2

𝑦=𝑥+6

𝑦 = −2 + 6

𝑦=4
𝑎
∴𝑦= +4
𝑥+2

5
Activity 4
4.1 𝑥 = 2
𝑦 = −3

4.2 3
𝑦= −3
0−2
9
𝑦=−
2

𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0; −4,5)

3
0= −3
𝑥−2
3
3=
𝑥−2

3(𝑥 − 2) = 3

3𝑥 − 6 − 3 = 0

𝑥=3

𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (3; 0)
4.3

6
4.4 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑐

−3 = −2 + 𝑐

𝑐 = −1

∴ 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 1

4.5 𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 ≠ −1

7
Activity 5
5.1 𝑥 = 1

𝑦 = −2

5.2 3
𝑦= −2
0−1

𝑦 = −5

𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0; −5)

3
0= −2
𝑥−1
3
2=
𝑥−1

2(𝑥 − 1) = 3

2𝑥 − 2 − 3 = 0

5
𝑥=
2

𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 (2,5; 0)

5.3

8
5.4 𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 ≠ 2

5.5 𝑓 is reflected about the 𝑦-axis/line 𝑥 = 0.

9
 TUTORIAL 2
Activity 1
1.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎
+2
𝑥−4
𝑎
3= +2
5−4

3=𝑎+2

𝑎=1

𝑝=4

𝑞=2

1.2 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑐

2 = −4 + 𝑐

𝑐=6

∴ 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 6

Activity 2
2.1 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑞

5 2
0 = (2 − 1) + 𝑞

9
0= +𝑞
4
9
𝑞=−
4
9
∴ 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 − 4

2.2 9
P (1; − )
4

10
 2.3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎
+2
𝑥−1−1
𝑎
𝑔(𝑥) = +2
𝑥−2

𝑥=2

𝑦=2

2.4 ℎ(𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)

9
ℎ(𝑥) = − [(𝑥 − 1)2 − ]
4

9
ℎ(𝑥) = −(𝑥 − 1)2 +
4

Activity 3
3.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)

1 2 1
𝑥 =− +1
2 𝑥+1
2
𝑥2 = − +2
𝑥+1

𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1) = −2 + 2(𝑥 + 1)

𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 = −2 + 2𝑥 + 2

𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0

𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = 0

𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0

𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥 = 1

For 𝑥 = −2 :
1
𝑦 = (−2)2
2

𝑦=2

11
 𝑃(−2; 2)

For 𝑥 = 1 :

1
𝑦= (1)2
2
1
𝑦=
2
1
Q (1; )
2

3.2 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

1 = −1 + 𝑐

𝑐=2

3.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2

𝑦 =𝑥+2

𝑥 =𝑦+2

𝑥−2=𝑦

∴ ℎ−1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2

3.4 1
g(𝑥) + g ( ) = g(−𝑥). g(𝑥 − 1)
2

1 1 1 1
− + 1 + (− + 1) = (− + 1) (− + 1)
𝑥+1 1 −𝑥 + 1 𝑥−1+1
+ 1
2
1 4 1 1
− + =( + 1) (− + 1)
𝑥+1 3 𝑥−1 𝑥

Therefore:

𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑥 ≠ ±1

12
Activity 4
4.1 𝑥 = 2

𝑦=3

4.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎
+3
𝑥−2
𝑎
0= +3
1−2

−3 = −𝑎

𝑎=3

3
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = +3
𝑥−2

4.3 3
𝐷 (0; )
2

4.4 3
3−2
𝑚𝐴𝐷 =
2−0
3
𝑚𝐴𝐷 =
4
3 3
∴ g(𝑥) = 𝑥 +
4 2

4.5 g(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)

3 3 3
𝑥+ = +3
4 2 𝑥−2
12
3𝑥 + 6 = + 12
𝑥−2

3𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 6(𝑥 − 2) = 12 + 12(𝑥 − 2)

3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 12 = 12 + 12𝑥 − 24

3𝑥 2 − 12 − 12 + 24 − 12𝑥 = 0

3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 = 0

13
 3𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 0

𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 4

3 3
𝑦= (4) +
4 2
9
(4; )
2

Activity 5
5.1 𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 ≠ 5

5.2 g(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)

3
−3𝑥 + 2 = − +5
𝑥+1

3
−3𝑥 − 3 = −
𝑥+1

−3𝑥(𝑥 + 1) − 3(𝑥 + 1) = −3

−3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 3 + 3 = 0

−3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 0

−3𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0

𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = −2

𝑦 = −3(−2) + 2

𝑦=8

(−2; 8)

5.3 𝑓 is reflected about the line 𝑥 = −1.

14
 TUTORIAL 3
Activity 1
1.1 Decreasing, 𝑏 < 1

1.2 𝑦 = log 1 𝑥
2

1.3 𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 ≠ −5

1.4 𝑓 is reflected about the line 𝑥 = 0/𝑦-axis.

Activity 2
2.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥

𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 3 𝑥
2.2

2.3 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

2.4 0 < 𝑥 < 1

2.5 𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 ≠ −4

2.6 𝑔(𝑥) = −(3𝑥−2 )

∴ 𝑔(𝑥) = −3𝑥−2

15
Activity 3
3.1 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 1 𝑥
2

3.2

3.4 𝑦 = 𝑥

3.5 1
𝑥=
2

16
 TUTORIAL 4
Activity 1
1.1 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 5𝑥

1.2.1 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

𝑥 = 𝑦2

𝑦 = ±√𝑥

∴ ℎ(𝑥) = ±√𝑥
1.2.2 The vertical line test cuts the inverse more than once.

1.2.3 𝑥 ≤ 0

𝑥≥0
1.2.4

1.2.5 𝑥 > 5

17
Activity 2
2.1 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 3 𝑥

2.2

2.3 𝑥 < 5

18
Activity 3
3.1 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑎0

𝑦=1

𝑄(0; 1)
3.2 1
= 𝑎𝑥
2

2−1 = 𝑎−1

𝑎=2
3.3 ℎ−1 (𝑥) = log 2 𝑥

3.4

3.5 1
𝑥>
2

3.6 ℎ(𝑥) = g(𝑥)

2𝑥 = (100)3𝑥

19
 2𝑥
= 100
3𝑥

2 𝑥
( ) = 100
3

log(100)
𝑥=
2
log (3)

𝑥 = −11,36

Activity 4
4.1 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥

9 = 𝑎2

32 = 𝑎2

𝑎=3
4.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥

g(𝑥) = 3−𝑥
4.3 𝑓(𝑥) = 32

y=9

𝑥≥9
4.4 Yes, the inverse is cut once by a vertical line test.

20
Activity 5
5.1 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

5.2 𝑦 > 0

5.3 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 1 𝑥

3

5.4

5.5 𝑥 = −2

5.6 [𝑓(𝑥)]2 − [𝑓(−𝑥)]2 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−2𝑥)

2 2
1 𝑥 1 −𝑥 1 2𝑥 1 −2𝑥
[( ) ] − [( ) ] = ( ) − ( )
3 3 3 3

1 2𝑥 1 −2𝑥 1 2𝑥 1 −2𝑥
( ) −( ) =( ) −( )
3 3 3 3

Therefore, proven:

[𝑓(𝑥)]2 − [𝑓(−𝑥)]2 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−2𝑥)

21
 TUTORIAL 5
Activity 1
1.1 𝐴(1; 0)

1.2

1.3 1 𝑥
g −1 (𝑥) = ( )
3

22
Activity 2
2.1 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2

−8 = 𝑎(−6)2

−8 = 36𝑎

2
𝑎=−
9

2.2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = − 𝑥 2
9
2
𝑥 = − 𝑦2
9
9
− 𝑥 = 𝑦2
2

9
𝑦 = ±√− 𝑥
2

9
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = ±√− 𝑥
2

2.3 𝑦 ≤ 0

2.4

23
2.5
9
𝑦 = +√− 𝑥
2

24
Activity 3
3.1 𝐶(0; 1)

𝑔(𝑥) = −(𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑏

1 = −(0 − 1)2 + 𝑏

1 = −1 + 𝑏

𝑏=2

3.2 𝐷(1; 2)

3.3 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log 2 𝑥

3.4

3.5 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥 + 1) − 2

ℎ(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 1)2 + 2 − 2

∴ ℎ(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 1)2

25
 3.6 𝑥 ≥ 1 or 𝑥 ≤ 1

3.7 22

=4

Activity 4
4.1 𝑥>0

4.2 −1 (𝑥)
1 𝑥
𝑓 =( )
2

4.3 𝑦=0

4.4.1 𝑓 is reflected about the 𝑥-axis

4.4.2 𝑓 is shifted 5 units vertically down

Activity 5
5.1 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3

5.2 𝑓(𝑥) = −√27𝑥

𝑥 = −√27𝑦

𝑥 2 = 27𝑦

1 2
𝑦= 𝑥
27

(𝑥 ≤ 0)

5.3

26
Activity 6
6.1.1 g(𝑥) = log 3 𝑥

ℎ(𝑥) = − log 3 𝑥
6.1.2 a)
𝑥<1

b)
𝑥=1

6.2.1 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2

𝑥 = 2𝑦 2

1
𝑦2 = 𝑥
2

27
 1
𝑦 = ±√ 𝑥
2

1
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = ±√ 𝑥
2

6.2.2 No, the inverse is cut more than once by a vertical line test.

6.2.3 𝑥 ≤ 0 or 𝑥 ≥ 0

TUTORIAL 6
Activity 1
1.1

1.2 On the sketch

1.3 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 1)2 − 8

28
 1.4 1 1 1
ℎ (𝑥 + ) = 4𝑥+2 → 4𝑥 . 42 = 2. 4𝑥
2

2ℎ(𝑥) = 2(4𝑥 ) → 2. 4𝑥

1
∴ ℎ (𝑥 + ) = 2ℎ(𝑥)
2

Activity 2
2.1 (0; −28)

2.2 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 28 = 0

𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 14 = 0

(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 2) = 0

𝑥 = 7 or 𝑥 = −2

(7; 0) and (−2; 0)

2.3 𝑏
𝐴. 𝑆 = −
2𝑎

(−10)
𝐴. 𝑆 = −
2(2)

5
𝐴. 𝑆 =
2
5 81
∴ 𝑇𝑃 ( ; − )
2 2

2.4

29
2.5 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 28

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 10

6 = 4𝑥 − 10

𝑥=4

𝑃(4; −36)

2.6 0 − (−36)
𝑚=
−2 − 4

𝑚 = −6

𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

𝑦 − 0 = −6(𝑥 + 2)

∴ 𝑦 = −6𝑥 − 12

30
 2.7 5 2 81
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (𝑥 − ) −
2 2

1 2 87
ℎ(𝑥) = 2 (𝑥 − ) −
2 2

Activity 3
3.1

3.2.1 𝑡 = 0

3.2.2 𝑡 = 0

3.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 + 1 + 1

ℎ(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 + 2

31
 TUTORIAL 7
Activity 1
1.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 8

−𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 8 = 0

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 8 = 0

(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 1) = 0

𝑥=8 or 𝑥 = −1

1.2 𝑓(𝑥) = g(𝑥)

𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 8 = −3𝑥 + 24

−𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 8 + 3𝑥 − 24 = 0

−𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 16 = 0

𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 16 = 0

(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥=8 or 𝑥 = 2

𝑎=2 ∴ 𝐷(2; 𝑏)

32
Activity 2
2.1 𝐶(0; 5)

2.2 𝑥 = −2

2.3 𝑝 = −2

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 2)2 + 𝑞

5 = 𝑎(−4 + 2)2 + 𝑞 𝐴(−4; 5)

5 = 4𝑎 + 𝑞 …………………..(1)

0 = 𝑎(1 + 2)2 + 𝑞 𝐹(1; 0)

0 = 9𝑎 + 𝑞 …………………..(2)

(2) − (1):

−5 = 5𝑎

𝑎 = −1

0 = 9(−1) + 𝑞

𝑞=9

2.4 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)

−2𝑥 − 3 = −𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0

(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0

𝑥 = −4 or 𝑥=2

𝑦 = −2(2) − 3

𝑦 = −7

∴ 𝐷(2; −7)

2.5 ∴ 𝐵(−2; −9)

33
Activity 3
3.1 𝑥 7
𝑦= −
2 2
𝑥 7
0= −
2 2

𝑥=7

∴ 𝐶(7; 0)

3.2 𝐵(−1; 0)

3.3 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑞

0 = 𝑎(7 − 3)2 + 𝑞 𝐶(7; 0)

0 = 16𝑎 + 𝑞 ……………………(1)

7 7
− 2 = 𝑎(0 − 3)2 + 𝑞 𝐸 (0; − 2)

7
− 2 = 9𝑎 + 𝑞 ……………………(2)

(1) − (2):

7
= 7𝑎
2
1
𝑎=
2

𝑞 = −8

1
∴ 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 8
2

3.4 1
𝑦 = − (𝑥 − 3)2 + 8
2

3.5 𝑡(𝑥) = 1 − (−8)

𝑡(𝑥) = 9

3.6 1
𝑓(𝑥) = − (𝑥 − 3)2 + 8
2

34
 1
𝑓(𝑥 2 − 2) = − (𝑥 2 − 2 − 3)2 + 8
2

0 = (𝑥 2 − 5)2 − 16

(𝑥 2 − 5 + 16)(𝑥 2 − 5 − 16) = 0

(𝑥 2 + 11)(𝑥 2 − 21) = 0

𝑥 2 = −11

𝑥 is invalid

𝑥 2 = 21

𝑥 = ±√21

𝑥 = √21 or 𝑥 = −√21

Activity 4
4.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 20 − 8

𝑦 = −7

∴ 𝐵(0; −7)

0 = 2𝑥 − 8

2𝑥 = 23

𝑥=3

4.2 𝑦 = −8

4.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 22𝑥 − 8 + 8

ℎ(𝑥) = 4𝑥

4.4 ℎ−1 (𝑥) = log 4 𝑥

4.5 𝑝(𝑥) = − log 4 𝑥

35
 TUTORIAL 8
Activity 1
1.1 0 = −2(6) + 𝑑

𝑑 = 12

1.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )

12 = 𝑎(0 + 2)(0 − 6)

𝑎 = −1

𝑓(𝑥) = −1(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 6)

𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12

1.3 −2 + 6
𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦 =
2

𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦 = 2

TP(2; 16)

1.4 ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑓(𝑥)−12

ℎ(𝑥) = 316−12

ℎ(𝑥) = 34

ℎ(𝑥) = 81

Activity 2
2.1 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 8

0 = −2𝑥 + 8

𝑥=4

∴ T(4; 0)
2.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )

18 = 𝑎(1 − 4)(1 + 2)

36
 𝑎 = −2

𝑓(𝑥) = −2(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 2)

𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 16
2.3 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)

−2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 16 = −2𝑥 + 8

−2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8 = 0

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4 = 0

(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 1) = 0

𝑥=4 or 𝑥 = −1

𝑦 = −2(−1) + 8

𝑦 = 10

∴ 𝑅(−1; 10)
2.4.1 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4

2.4.2 −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 2 < 0

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2 > 0

4 ± √(−4)2 − 4(1)(2)
𝑥=
2(1)

𝑥 = 2 + √2 or 𝑥 = 2 − √2

𝑥 > 2 + √2 and 𝑥 < 2 − √2

37
Activity 3
3.1 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 3)2 − 2

0 = 𝑎(0 − 3)2 − 2

0 = 9𝑎 − 2

2
𝑎=
9
2
∴ 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 2
9
3.2 𝐵(6; 0)

3.3 Many-to-one function, the horizontal line test cuts the graph at more than one point.

3.4

3.5 𝑦 ≥ 0 or 𝑦 ≤ 0

3.6 2
𝑦= (𝑥 − 1)2 − 2
9

38
Activity 4
4.1 1
𝑘=
2

4.2 3
𝑎=−
2

4.3 1 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ) + 𝑏
4

1 2
6 = 𝑎 (0 − ) + 𝑏
4
1
6 = 16 𝑎 + 𝑏 ………………………………..(1)

1 2
0 = 𝑎 (2 − ) + 𝑏
4
49
0 = 16 𝑎 + 𝑏 ………………………………..(2)

(2) − (1):

−6 = 3𝑎

𝑎 = −2
49
0 = 16 (−2) + 𝑏

49
𝑏=
8

4.4 −𝑏
𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦 =
2𝑎

1 −𝑏
=
4 2(−2)

𝑏=1

𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −4𝑥 + 1

𝑓 ′ (6) = −4(6) + 1

39
 𝑚 = −23

∴ 𝑦 = −23𝑥 + 6

Activity 5
5.1 𝑥 ≤ 0

5.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )

−8 = 𝑎(1 + 3)(1 − 2)

𝑎=2

𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 12

∴ 𝑎=2 , 𝑏=2 and 𝑐 = −12

5.3 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 12

𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (0; −12)

5.4 𝑥 = 7

5.5 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 2

𝑓 ′ (1) = 4(1) + 2

𝑚=6

40
Activity 6
6.1 𝑇(0; 18)

6.2 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 + 18

0 = −2𝑥 2 + 18

0 = 𝑥2 − 9

0 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)

𝑥=3 or 𝑥 = −3

∴ Q(3; 0)

6.3 R(6; 0)

6.4 9
𝑥>
2

41
QUESTION 1

1.1 Sketched are the functions 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 𝑝)2 + 𝑞, and 𝑔(𝑥): (𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 + 3) = 𝑡 If
5
𝑔(0) = − 2 and 𝑔 is a rectangular hyperbola with one of its asymptotes an axis of
symmetry for 𝑓 as shown. Answer the following:
f

1.1.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑔. (2)

1.1.2 Determine the values of:

1.1.2.1 𝑡 (2)

1.1.2.2 𝑝 and 𝑞 (3)

a
1.2 Write g in the form y  q (3)
x p
1.3 If ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 is the line of symmetry to g , determine the co-ordinates of the
points of intersection h and 𝑔. (6)

1.4 If k  x 2  4 x  3 . Determine the values of 𝑘 if its roots are:

1.4.1 non-real (2)

1.4.2 negative and unequal (2)

1.5 Write down the:

1.5.1 domain of 𝑔 (2)

1.5.2 range of 𝑓 (1)

[23]

2|Page
QUESTION 2

2.1 Study the diagram which shows the sketch graphs of 𝑣(𝑥) = ±√𝑥 and 𝑤(𝑥) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 then answer the questions that follow:

2.1.1 State whether 𝑣(𝑥) is a function or not, motivate your answer. (2)

2.1.2 Write down conditions that will make 𝑣 a function. (2)

2.1.3 Determine all values of:

2.1.3.1 y for which 𝑤(𝑥) < 0 (1)

7
2.1.3.2 𝑥 for which w( x )   (2)
10

2.1.4 If a function 𝑣(𝑥) is as determined in 5.1.2 write down the equation(s) of

𝑣 −1 (𝑥) . (3)

2.1.5 If ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑤(𝑥) − √𝑥 where the range of x is 0;  , calculate the range
of ℎ(1). (1)
[11]

3|Page
QUESTION 3
𝑦
The functions 𝑓(𝑥) = − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 𝑔
and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 are drawn below, E
C
with 𝑔 passing through E, C and A.
𝑓
A and B are the 𝑥 − intercepts of , and
A B
D O 𝑥
CD is the axis of symmetry of 𝑓.

E is the 𝑦 − intercept of 𝑔

3.1 Determine the coordinates of C, the turning point of the graph of 𝑓. (3)

3.2 Determine the coordinates of A and B. (3)

3.3 Write down the coordinates of the 𝑦 − intercept of the graph of 𝑓. (1)

3.4 Calculate the length of CE. (6)

3.5 Determine the equation of 𝑔−1 (𝑥) in the form y = …. (2)

[15]

4|Page
QUESTION 4

3
Below are graphs of the functions 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥− 𝑝 + 𝑞 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑒.

Both 𝑓 and 𝑔 have the same horizontal asymptote and 𝑦 −intercept B.

A is the point of intersection of 𝑔 and the vertical asymptote of 𝑓.

B
A
𝑓
2

O 𝑥

4.1 Write down the values of 𝑒 and 𝑞. (2)

4.2 Determine the value of 𝑝. (3)

4.3 Determine the coordinates of A. (3)

4.4 Determine 𝑥 such that 𝑓(𝑥)– 𝑔(𝑥) ≥ 0 (2)

4.5 If the graph of 𝑓 is shifted two units to the right, determine the equation of
the shifted graph of 𝑓. (2)

[12]

5|Page
QUESTION 5
a
The sketch below represents the graphs of: f ( x)   q and g ( x)  bx 2  c .
x p
y
g

A(−3 ; 2)

(−1; 0) O x

(0 ; −2)
f

The point A (−3; 2) is the point of intersection of the asymptotes of f. The graph of f
intersects the x-axis at (−1; 0). The graph of g intersects the y-axis at (0; −2).

5.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of f. (2)

5.2 Determine the equation of f. (3)

5.3 Write down the equation of the axes of symmetry of f in the form y = mx + c if
m < 0. (2)

5.4 Write down the domain of 5f (x – 1). (2)

5.5 Write down the equation of k, the reflection of f about the y-axis. Leave your
a
answer in the form y   q. (2)
x p

5.6 For which value(s) of x is f ( x). g / ( x)  0 ? (2)

5.7 Determine the equation of g. (3)

5.8 Determine the equation of h1 ( x) if h( x)  g ( x)  2 . Leave your answer in the

form y = ... (3)

5.9 The inverse of h is not a function. Restrict the domain of h such that h1 is a
function. Sketch the restricted graph of h and h1 on the same system of axes. (2)
[21]

6|Page
QUESTION 6

The graphs of h( x)  3 x , f ( x)   ( x  1)2  9 and g ( x)  a .2 x  q are

represented in the sketch below. D, the turning point of f, is also a point of intersection
of g and f. The asymptote of g passes through C, the y-intercept of f.

h D

O x

6.1 Write down the coordinates of C. (2)

6.2 Calculate the values of a and q. (3)

6.3 Write down the range of g. (2)

6.4 Write down the coordinates of D', if D is reflected about the line y = 8. (1)

6.5 If k ( x)  ( x  2)2  9 , describe the transformation from f to k. (3)

6.6 Write down the equation of h 1 ( x ) in the form y = ... (1)

f ( x)  5
1
6.7 Determine the minimum value of y    . (2)
3
[14]

7|Page
QUESTION 7

Sketched alongside are the graphs of R y

𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 2)2 + 4 and

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑞

R is the turning point of f

B A x

f g

7.1 Give the coordinates of R. (2)

7.2 Calculate the length of AB. (2)

7.3 Determine the equation of g. (2)

7.4 For which values of x is g(x) > f(x)? (2)

7.5 Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of h if h(x) = f(– x). (2)

7.6 Give the range of p if p(x) = – f(x). (2)

[12]

QUESTION 8

2
Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥−2 + 1

8.1 Give the equations of the asymptotes of h (2)

8.2 Determine the x- and y-intercepts of the graph of h. (3)

8.3 Sketch the graph of h using the grid on the DIAGRAM SHEET. (3)

8.4 Give the domain of h. (2)

8.5 Describe the transformation of h to f if :

8.5.1 f(x) = h(x +3) (2)

8.5.1 f(x) = h(x) – 2 (2)

[14]

8|Page
QUESTION 9

The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 is sketched

y
9.1
alongside.

x
0

9.1.1 Give the coordinates of A. (1)

9.1.2 Write down the equation of 𝑓 −1 in the form y = … (1)

9.1.3 For which value(s) of x will 𝑓 −1 ≤ 0? (2)

9.1.4 Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) (1)

9.2 Sketched is the graph of f , the inverse

y
of a restricted parabola. The point
A (8; 2) lies on the graph of f.
A(8 ; 2)

x
O

9.2.1 Determine the equation of f in the form y = … (2)

1
9.2.2 Hence, write down the equation of f in the form y = … (2)

1
9.2.3 Give the coordinates of the turning point of g(x) = f ( x  3)  1 . (1)
[10]

9|Page
QUESTION 10

3
Given : f ( x)  1
x2

10.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of f . (2)

10.2 Determine coordinates of B, the x-intercept of f. (2)

10.3 Write down the domain of g if g ( x)  f ( x  1). (3)

10.4 One of the axes of symmetry of f is an increasing function. Write down the equation
of this axis of symmetry. (2)
[9]

QUESTION 11

Given hx   3 x and k 1 ( x)  2 x 2 for x  0 .

A(0,57 ; 0,53) is a point of intersection between h and k .

11.1 Write down the equation of k in the form y = … (2)

11.2 Sketch the graphs of h and k on the same set of axes, clearly indicating the
intercepts
with the axes. (5)

11.3 Write down the range of h. (1)

11.4 For which values of x is k ( x)  h( x) ? (2)

11.5 For which values of t will k ( x)  t  hx  have no real roots? (2)

[12]

10 | P a g e
QUESTION 12

4
The diagram below shows the graphs of f ( x )  ; x  0 and g ( x)  6 x . Line BA
x
intersects f and g respectively at points C and D. BA is perpendicular to the x-axis.

12.1 Write down the y-intercept of g. (1)

12.2 Write down the equation of h if h is a translation of f one unit to the right. (1)

12.3 Calculate the values of x for which hx   g x . (3)

12.4 Write down the length of CD in terms of x. (2)

12.5 Determine the value of x for which CD has a maximum length. (4)

[11]

11 | P a g e
QUESTION 13

a
The diagram below shows the graph of h( x)   q . The lines x = 3 and y = – 2
x p
are asymptotes of h. P(4 ;  4) is a point on h.
y

O x
3

2

P(4 ; 4)

13.1 Write down the values of p and q. (2)

13.2 Calculate the value of a. (2)

13.3 Calculate the coordinates of the y – intercept of h. (2)

13.4 If g ( x)  h( x  2) , write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of (2)

g.

13.5 If the graph of h is symmetrical about the line y   x  c , determine

the value of c. (2)
[10]

12 | P a g e
QUESTION 14

The sketch below shows the graphs of g ( x)  x2  3x  10 and h( x)  ax  q . The graphs intersect
at B and D. The graph of g intersects the x – axis at A and B and has a turning point at C. The graph
of h intersects the y – axis at D and the x – axis at B.

A O B x

h C

14.1 Write down the coordinates of D. (1)

14.2 Determine the coordinates of A and B. (4)

14.3 Write down the values of a and q. (2)

14.4 Calculate the coordinates of C, the turning point of g. (3)

14.5 Write down the turning point of t, if t ( x)  g ( x)  3 . (2)

14.6 For which values of x will g / ( x).h / ( x)  0 ? (2)

[14]

13 | P a g e
QUESTION 15

Given p ( x)  3x .

15.1 Write down the equation of p 1 , the inverse of p, in the form y = … (2)

15.2 Sketch in your ANSWER BOOK the graphs of p and p 1 on the same system
of axes. Show clearly all the intercepts with the axes and at least one other point
on each graph. (4)

15.3 Determine the values of x for which p 1 ( x)  3 (4)

[10]

QUESTION 16

Two functions are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 2) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 12.

A is a point on 𝑓 such that 𝑔 is a tangent to 𝑓at A .

16.1 Write down the gradient of 𝑔. (1)

16.2 Calculate the coordinates of A. (5)

16.3 Determine the equation of the graph ℎ which is the reflection of 𝑓

about the 𝑦 − axis. (2)

16.4 Determine value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) < 0, given that 𝑥 > 0. (2)

16.5 Determine 𝑔−1 , the inverse of g, in the form 𝑦 = …. (2)

[12]

14 | P a g e
QUESTION 17

𝑎
The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞 are drawn below. A is the
𝑦 − intercept of both 𝑓 and 𝑔. The horizontal asymptote of 𝑔 is also a tangent to 𝑓 at the

turning point of 𝑓. The equation of the vertical asymptote of 𝑔 is 𝑥 = −1.

𝑓
0
−1 𝑥
A

17.1 Determine the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑔. (3)

17.2 Write down the coordinates of A. (1)

17.3 Determine the equation of 𝑔. (4)

17.4 Determine points of intersection of 𝑔 with its axis of symmetry that has a
positive gradient. (4)

17.5 Write down the range of −𝑓(𝑥). (2)

[14]

15 | P a g e
QUESTION 18

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3−𝑥+1 − 3

18.1 Draw the graph of 𝑓 showing all asymptotes and intercepts with the axes. (3)

18.2 Calculate the 𝑥 − value when 𝑦 = 5. (3)

18.3 If ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 ; explain what transformations 𝑓 has undergone to become ℎ. (3)

[9]

QUESTION 19

3
Given: f ( x)  1
x2

19.1 Calculate the coordinates of the y-intercept of f. (2)

19.2 Calculate the coordinates of the x-intercept of f. (2)

19.3 Sketch the graph of f in your ANSWER BOOK, clearly showing the asymptotes
and the intercepts with the axes. (3)

19.4 Write down the range of f. (2)

19.5 Another function h, is formed by translating f 3 units to the right and 4 units
down. Write down the equation of h. (2)

19.6 For which value(s) of x is h( x)   4 ? (3)

3x  5
19.7 Determine the equations of the asymptotes of k ( x)  .
x 1 (3)
[17]

16 | P a g e
QUESTION 20

x
1
The graphs of f ( x)  2 ( x  1)  8 and g ( x)    are represented in the sketch
2

2
below. P and Q are the x-intercepts of f and R is the turning point of f . The point
A ( 2; 4) is a point on the graph of g.

f
A ( 2; 4)

P O Q x

20.1 Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of f. (1)

20.2 Write down the coordinates of the turning point of f. (1)

20.3 Determine the length of PQ. (4)

20.4 Write down the equation of k, if k is the reflection of f in the y-axis. Give
your answer in the form y  ax2  bx  c . (3)

20.5 Write down the equation of g  1 , the inverse of g, in the form y = … (1)

20.6 Sketch the graph of g 1 in your ANSWER BOOK, clearly showing the
intercept with the axis as well as ONE other point on the graph of g 1 . (3)

20.7 For which value(s) of x will:

20.7.1 g  1 ( x)   2 (2)

20.7.2 x . f ( x)  0 (4)

17 | P a g e
QUESTION 21

The diagram shows the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 and g(x) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. A, B and C are
the intercepts of f with the axes. T is the turning point of the graph of f. The graph of g is a
straight line parallel to AC, and is a tangent to the graph of f at D.

21.1 Determine the lengths of OC and AB. (5)

21.2 Determine the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of f. (2)

21.3 Show that the length of ST = 8 units. (2)

21.4 Calculate the gradient of AC. (2)

21.5 Hence, or otherwise, calculate the coordinates of D. (5)

21.6 For which value(s) of a will 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑡) for all values of t? (2)

[18]

18 | P a g e
QUESTION 22

2+𝑥
The sketch of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1 is drawn below.

22.1 Write down the equation of the vertical asymtote of f. (1)

22.2 Determine the coordinates of A, the x-intercept of the hyperbola. (2)

22.3 Calculate the area of AOB. (3)

22.4 3 (2)
Show that f (x) can be rewritten as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1 +1

22.5 The graph of f is shifted such that point A lies on the origin. What are the coordinates
of the point of intersection of the asymptotes of the new graph? (2)

[10]

19 | P a g e
 QUESTION 23

23.1 Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2. 2𝑥 − 1

23.1.1 Write down the range of f . (2)

23.1.2 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) + 1. Write down the equation of 𝑔−1 , the inverse of
𝑔 in the form y =...
(2)

23.2 𝑥
Given: ℎ(𝑥) = − √3 ; x ≥ 0

23.2.1 If k(x) is the inverse of h, give the equation of k(x) (2)

23.2.2 Give the coordinates of the point of intersection of h(x) and k(x) (2)

[8]

20 | P a g e
QUESTION 1

1.1.1 𝑥 = −2  & 𝑦 = −3 Answers (2)

1.1.2.1 5
(2) (− + 3) = 𝑡
2
−5
1 Substituting (0; )
2( ) = 𝑡 2
2
𝑡 =1 𝑡 = 1 (2)

1.1.2.2 𝑝 = 2, (2)2 + 𝑞 = 3 𝑝 = 2

Substitution
𝑞 = −1 
𝑞 = −1 (3)
1.2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 + 3) = 1
1 Substituting 1
𝑦 + 3 = 𝑥+2
1 Simplification
𝑦= − 3
𝑥+2
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 (3)
1.3 1 Equating
x 1  3
x2

1
x2
x2

Simplification
( x  2) 2  1

x  2  1 factors

x-values
x  1 or x   3
 y-values
y  2 or y  4
 1;2  3;4 (6)

1.4.1 k  1 Answer (2)

1.4.2 1  k  3 -1 & 3
Notation (2)
1.5.1 𝐷: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑹, 𝑥 ≠ −2  or 𝒙 ∈ (−∞; ∞), 𝑥 ≠ −2 or 𝑥 ∈𝑹
 𝑥 ≠ −2 (2)
𝑥 < −2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2
1.5.2 𝑅: 𝑦 ≥ −1 , 𝑦 ∈ 𝑹 or/𝑜𝑓 𝒚 ∈ [−1; ∞) Answer (1)
[22]

2|Page
QUESTION 2

2.1.1 𝑣(𝑥) is not a function,  there are two different Answer

𝑦 −values for each 𝑥. A vertical line test fails: Line Reason (2)
cuts the graph at more than one point. 
2.1.2 𝒚 ∈ {(-∞;0]U[0; ∞)} or 𝑦 ≥ 0 or 𝑦 ≤ 0 Ans
Ans
wer (2)
2.1.3.1 𝑦 < 0 Answer (1)
2.1.3.2 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 49  Notation
100
boundaries (2)
2.1.4 𝑦 = 𝑥 2  𝑥𝜖[0; ∞)   𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑥𝜖[0; ∞)
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑥𝜖(−∞; 0]   𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑥𝜖(−∞; 0] (3)
2.1.5 𝑦 ∈ (0; 1) or 0 < 𝑦 < 1 Answer (1)
(–1; 0) or –1< 𝑦 < 0
[11]

QUESTION 3

3.1 At C ; 𝑥 = − 2𝑎
𝑏
✓ −2
𝑥 = − 2(−1)

−2
= − 2(−1) = −1 ✓ 𝑥 value

𝑦 = − (−1 )2 − 2(−1) + 3 = 4 ✓ 𝑦 value

(3)
coordinated of C are (−1; 4)
3.2 𝑦=0 ✓ 𝑦 = 0
−𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 ✓
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥 = 1 or 𝑥 = − 3
✓
Coordinates are 𝑥 − values (3)
B(1; 0) and A(−3 ; 0)
3.3 (0; 3) ✓ answer (1)

3.4 equation of 𝑔 ✓ substitution

4−0 value of 𝑚
𝑦− 0= −1−(−3)
(𝑥 − (−3)) ✓
equation of 𝑔
𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 3) ✓
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 6

3|Page
 E is (0; 6) ✓ E is (0; 6)
C(−1; 4) ✓ substitution in the

CE= √( 0 − (−1)2 + (6 − 4)2 distance formula.

✓
answer (6)
= √5
3.5 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 6 ✓ interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦
𝑥 1 ✓ answer (2)
𝑦= −3= 𝑥−3
2 2
accept also
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, so inverse is
𝑥 = 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑥
𝑦 = −𝑐
𝑚
[15]

QUESTION 4

4.1 𝑒 = 2 ✓ 𝑒 = 2
𝑞 = 2 ✓ (2)
𝑞 = 2
4.2 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 2
𝑦 −int.; let 𝑥 = 0
𝑔(0) = 20 + 2 =3 ✓ (0; 3) or 𝑦 − int.
so both graphs pass at (0; 3) subst. (0;3)
✓
3
3 = 0− 𝑝 + 2

3
=1
0− 𝑝 𝑝 = −3
✓
−𝑝 = 3 ∴ 𝑝 = −3 (3)

4.3 at A: 𝑥 = −3 ✓ at A : 𝑥 = −3
𝑦 = 2− 3 + 2 ✓ subst.
1 answer
=2 8 ✓
1 (3)
A(−3; 2 ) or A(−3; 2 ,125)
8

4|Page
4.4 −3 < 𝑥 ≤ 0 ✓ 𝑥 > −3

✓ 𝑥≤0 (2)

4.5 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3 + 2

after shifting ✓ Subst. 𝑥 by 𝑥 − 2

3 ✓ answer (2)
𝑓(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑥+3−2 + 2
3
𝑓(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑥+1 + 2

[12]

5|Page
QUESTION 5

5.1 x=−3 x=−3

y = 2 y = 2 (2)
5.2 a
y q
x p
 substitution of p and q
a
 2
x3
a  substitution of (− 1; 0)
0  2
1 3
a
2
2
4a a=−4
4
 f ( x)  2 (3)
x3
5.3 y   ( x  3)  2  substitution
 x32
 answer
  x 1 (2)
OR
y xc
2   ( 3)  c  substitution
c  1
 answer
y   x 1
(2)
5.4 x  R; x   2  xR
x2 (2)
5.5 4
k ( x)  2
x3
4
 2
 ( x  3)
4
 2
x3  answer
(2)
5.6  3  x   1 or x  0   3 x  1
 x0
OR (2)
x  ( 3; 1] or x  [0; )  x  ( 3; 1]
 x  [0; )
(2)

6|Page
5.7 g ( x)  bx 2  2 c=−2
 substitution (− 3; 2)
2  b( 3) 2  2
4  b(9)
4 4
b b
9 9
4
 g ( x)  x 2  2 (3)
9

5.8 4 2
h: y x 4 2
9  h( x )  x
4 9
h 1 : x  y 2
9
 swop x and y
9
y2  x
4
9
y  x; x  0
4
3  answer with restriction
y   x; x0 (3)
2
5.9
x0
h y=x  form of h

 form of h – 1
(must fit form of h)
h -1 (2)

 form of h

 form of h – 1
(must fit form of h)
(2)

7|Page
 OR
[21]

x0 h

y=x

h-1

QUESTION 6

6.1 x  0:
y   (0  1) 2  9
 1 9  x-coordinate of C
8  y-coordinate of C
 C (0; 8) (2)
6.2 q  8 (Horisontal asymptote) q=8
y  a.2  8
x
 substitution of
Turning point: D(  1;9) D (− 1; 9)
9  a.2 1  8
a
1
2 a=2
2a (3)
 g ( x)  2.2  8
x

 2x  1  8
6.3 y  8 OR y  (8; )  notation

8|Page
  answer
(2)
6.4 D'(–1; 7)  answer
(1)
6.5 Reflection about the x-axis, and a translation of 1 unit  Reflection x-axis
left and 18 units up.  1-unit left
 18 units up
(3)
OR
Reflection about the line y = 9 and a translation of 1 unit  Reflection y = 9
left.  1-unit left
(3)
6.6 y  log 1 x  answer (1)
3
OR
y   log3 x  answer (1)
OR
1
y  log3  answer (1)
x
6.7 1
x

y    is a decreasing function
3
 the bigger the x  value the smaller the y  value
maximum value of f = 9
95  substitution of 9
1
minimum value : y   
3
4
1
   answer
3 4
1 1

1   or
3 81
81
Accept 0,01
(2)

OR
y  3 ( f ( x )  5)
 3 f ( x )  5
 substitution of f(x)
 3( x  1) 95
2

 3( x  1) 4
2
 answer
4
 minimum  3 4 1 1
  or
1 3 81
 Accept 0,01
81
(2)
[14]

9|Page
QUESTION 7

7.1 R(-2; 4)  -2 4 (2)

7.2 B (-4; 0) through symmetry  -4
AB = 4 units  4 units
OR
roots: (x+2)2 = 4 OR -x2 - 4x = 0
x + 2 = 2 x(x+ 4) = 0
x = 0 or -4
AB = 4 units (2)
7.3 m = -2  m = -2
eqn: y = -2x  eqn (2)
7.4 𝑥 < −2 OR 𝑥 > 0  𝑥 < −2
 𝑥>0 (2)
7.5 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥) = −(−𝑥 + 2)2 + 4  h(x)
sym- axis: x = 2 x=2
Answer Only = FULL (2)
marks
7.6 𝑝(𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 − 4  p(x)
range: 𝑦 ≥ −4 ; 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 OR [−4; ∞)  𝑦 ≥ −4
Answer Only = FULL (2)
marks
[12]

10 | P a g e
QUESTION 8

8.1 𝑥=2 ; 𝑥=2

𝑦=1  𝑦=1 (2)
8.2 y-int: y = 0; y=0
2 2
x-int: = −1  𝑥−2 = −1
𝑥−2
∴ 𝑥 − 2 = −2 𝑥 =0
(3)
∴𝑥=0
8.3  asymptotes
y  x/y intercept (3)
 shape

8.4 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅; 𝑥 ≠ 2 𝑥∈𝑅
 𝑥 ≠2 (2)
8.5.1 Graph shifts(translates) 3 units to the left  3 units to the left
(2)
8.5.2 Graph shifts(translates) 2 units down  2 units down (2)

[14]

11 | P a g e
QUESTION 9

9.1.1 A(0; 1)  Answer (1)

9.1.2 f-1: y = log 3 x  y = log 3 x (1)
9.1.3 0<𝑥≤1  endpoints
 notation (2)
9.1.4 𝑦=0 y=0 (1)
9.2.1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑎 OR 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2

8 a=2
(8; 2): 2 = √𝑎  a=2 (2; 8): 8 = a(2)2
 a=2  eqn (2)

𝑥
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 ∴
𝑓 −1 (𝑥)= 2
𝑓(𝑥): 𝑥 = 2𝑦 2

𝑥
y =√2
9.2.2 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2
(2; 8): 8 = a(2)2  a=2  eqn
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)= 2𝑥 2 (1)
9.2.3 (−3; −1)  each value (2)
[10]

12 | P a g e
QUESTION 10

10.1 x  2 and y 1  x  1 y  1 (2)

10.2 3
 1
x2
3  1( x  2)  x = -1
3  x  2 y=0
3  2  x (2)
1  x
10.3
g x  
3
1
x 1 2
3
g ( x) 
3
1  g ( x)  1
x 1 x 1

x  R, x  1
 x  R, x  1

OR or
 ; 1 or 1;    ; 1 or  1;  (3)

10.4 y  xc x
y  x pq (2;1)
1 2 c –1
 x  2 1 OR
1 2  c (2)
 x 1
y  x 1
[9]

13 | P a g e
QUESTION 11

11.1 y  2x2
k : x  2 y2 interchange x and y
x
y
x
;y  0  y
2 2
(2)
11.2 h
shape
 y  int .
asymptote.

k
shape
y-intercept (5)

11.3 0 ;  OR y  0 ; y  IR  0 ; 
(1)
11.4 0  x  0,57 0  x
OR  x  0,57
x  0; 0,57 (2)
11.5 t  1, OR t  1;  answer (2)

[12]

14 | P a g e
QUESTION 12

12.1 y  60
y6 y = 6
(1)
12.2 4 4
h( x )   h( x ) 
x 1 x 1
(1)
12.3 4 4
=6−𝑥 𝑥+1 = 6 – x
𝑥−1
4 = (6 − 𝑥)(𝑥 − 1) standard form
= 6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 6 + 𝑥
0 = −𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 6 − 4 both answers
(3)
= −𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 10
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 10 = 0
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥 = 5 𝐨𝐫 𝑥 = 2
12.4 CD  g ( x)  f ( x)  g ( x)  f ( x)
4
 6 x 4
x 6  x 
x
(2)
dCD
12.5 0
dx =0
6 − 𝑥 − 4𝑥 −1 4
1
4 x2
1 2  0
x 4
x 2

x2  4
𝑥 = −2 𝐨𝐫 x = 2 x 2
x  2 (4) (4)
[11]

15 | P a g e
QUESTION 13

13.1 p  3 A p value (2)

q  2
A q value

13.2 a
h( x )   q . P(4 ;4) is a point on h
x p

a
4 2
43
 a  2
CA subst. p, q and point P

(2)

CA(negative)a value

13.3 2
h( x )  2
x3
2
h(0)  2
03
1
 1 Asubstituting x = 0
3
 1 
 0 ;1 
 3 
CA(negative)answer (2)

13.4 x 1 CACA answer (2)

13.5 y  ( x  p )  q CAsubstitution of p and q

y  ( x  3)  2 values
y  x  1
into equation of line of
c  1 symmetry

CAanswer (2)

16 | P a g e
 OR

y  x  c CAsubstitution of 3 ;  2
Point of intersection of asymptotes 3 ;  2
 2  3  c into equation of line of
symmetry
c 1 (2)
CAanswer

[10]

QUESTION 14

14.1 D0 ;  10 A(must be in coordinate (1)

form) answer

14.2 x 2  3x  10  0
x  2x  5  0
A x  3x  10  0
2
x  2 or x  5
A 2 ; 0 CAfactors
B(5; 0)

CACA(negative and
positive) each x – value (4)
A 2 ; 0

B(5 ; 0)

14.3 a  2 and q  10 CA(positive)a – value (2)

A q – value

14.4 b (3) 3 25 3 b (3) 3

x   or x   A x    
2a 2(1) 2 2 2 2a 2(1) 2
2
3 3 49 1
y     3   10   /  12,25 /  12 or
2 2 4 4

C(1,5 ;  12,25)

17 | P a g e
 25 3
CA x  
2 2
(3)
CAsubstitution

CAminimum value

14.5 (  1,5 ;  9,25) CA x – value CA y – (2)

value

14.6 3
x
2
CACAanswer (2)
OR

g / ( x).h / ( x)  0
2 x  3 .2  0
3 CAproduct of derivatives
x
2

CA(positive)answer

penalize 1 mark for incorrect

notation
(2)

[14]

18 | P a g e
QUESTION 15

15.1 y  log3 x AA answer (2)

y
15.2 p

(1 ; 3)
AShape of p and p-1
1
(3 ; 1)
Ay – intercept of p
p-1
A x – intercept of p-1

A point on each graph

O 1 x

(4)

15.3 log 3 x  3 Msetting up equation

x  27 CAx = 27
0  x  27

CACAfor end points and (4)

inequality

ANSWER ONLY full marks

[10]

19 | P a g e
QUESTION 16

16.1 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 12 ✓ 𝑚 = 2
𝑚=2 (1)
16.2 (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑥 − 12 ✓ (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 − 2𝑥 + 12 = 0 ✓ = 2𝑥 − 12
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)2 = 0 standard form
✓
𝑥=2 factors
𝑦 = 2(2) − 12
✓ 𝑥 = 2
= −8
A(2; −8) ✓ 𝑦=8 (5)

OR OR

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 2) ✓ 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8
= 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8
𝑑𝑦 ✓ 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 − 2 = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
✓
since 𝑔 is a tangent passing through A
𝑖. 𝑒. 2𝑥 − 2 = 2 2𝑥 − 2 = 2

𝑥=2 ✓ 𝑥=2
𝑦 = 2(2) − 12
= −8
A(2; −8) ✓ 𝑦 = −8

16.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥) ✓ subst 𝑥 by – 𝑥

= ( −𝑥 − 4)(−𝑥 + 2) ✓ answer
= (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 2) (2)
OR
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
16.4 (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 − 12) < 0. ✓
4<𝑥<6 ✓ 𝑥<6
𝑥>4 (2)
16.5 𝑥 = 2𝑦 − 12 ✓ interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦
1 ✓ 1 (2)
𝑦 = 𝑥+6 𝑦 = 𝑥+6
2 2

[12]

20 | P a g e
QUESTION 17

17.1 𝑥 = −1 ✓ 𝑥 = −1
𝑦 = (−1)2 + 2(−1) − 3 ✓ 𝑦 = (−1)2 + 2(−1) − 3
= −4 ✓ 𝑦 = −4
(3)
17.2 𝐴( 0; −3) ✓ Answer (1)
17.3 𝑎 ✓ subst. of 𝑝
𝑦= −4
𝑥+1 subst. of 𝑞
✓
𝑎
−3 = −4 subst (0; −3) (4)
0+1 ✓

1=𝑎 ✓
1 answer
𝑔(𝑥) = −4
𝑥+1

17.4 Before shifting, the points were ✓

at(1 ; 1)and (−1; −1) (1 − 1; 1 – 4)
applying the shift on these points ✓
yields: ( −1 − 1; −1 − 4)
(1 − 1; 1 – 4) and ( −1 − 1; −1 − 4)
✓
so the points are: (0; −3)
✓ (−2; −5)
(0; −3) and (−2; −5)

OR OR (4)
OR

from the point of intersection of ✓ (−1 + 1; − 4 + 1)

asymptotes
(-1: - 4) we move a unit up and to the ✓ (− 1 − 1; − 4 − 1)
right or a unit down and to the left
since 𝑎 = 1
( 0; −3)
✓
so the points are:
✓
(−1 + 1; − 4 + 1) (−2; −5)
and /or
(− 1 − 1; − 4 − 1)
the points are ( 0; −3) and (−2; −5)

21 | P a g e
 OR OR OR
equation of the line of symmetry is
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) − 4
𝑦 =𝑥−3 ✓ equation of the line of
symmetry
1 equating the two
𝑥−3= −4 ✓
𝑥+1 functions
1
𝑥+1=
𝑥+1
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 1
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 1 ✓ values of 𝑥
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2 ✓ values of 𝑦
𝑦 = −3 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = −5
The points are (0; −3) and (−2; −5)
17.5 𝑦 ≤ 4; 𝑦 ∈ ℝ ✓✓ answer
(2)
[14]

QUESTION 18

18.1 ✓ shape
𝑦

graph passing though

𝑥
✓ the origin (3)

−3 asymptote
✓

18.2 5 = 3−𝑥+1 − 3 ✓ substitution

8 = 3−𝑥+1
(−𝑥 + 1)log3 = log 8 applications of log
✓
log 8 (3)
(−𝑥 + 1) =
log 3
log 8
𝑥 = 1− ✓
log 3 answer
= −0, 89
18.3 graph was reflected about the 𝑦 −axis ✓ reflect about 𝑦 −axis
graph was shifted 3 units up ✓ shift 3 units up
graph was shifted one unit to left. one unit to the left (3)
✓

22 | P a g e
 OR OR OR
graph was shifted 3 units up ✓ shift 3 units up
graph was reflected about the y axis ✓ reflect about 𝑦 −axis
graph was shifted to one the left. one unit to the left
✓

NB reflection should not be mentioned

after horizontal shift
[9]

QUESTION 19

19.1 3
y 1 x=0
02
3
 1
2
5 5
 2,5 or y  y = 2,5 or y
2 2
 5
 (0; 2,5) or  0;  (2)
 2
19.2 3
0 1 y=0
x2
3
1 
x2
x23
x5
x=5
 (5; 0)
(2)

19.3 y
f  shape

 both intercepts
2,5 y=1
 both asymptotes

0 5 x (3)

x=2

23 | P a g e
19.4 y  R; y  1 yϵR
 y 1 (2)
OR
 y  1;  y 1 (2)
y 1 or y 1

 y  (  ; 1)
OR
y  (  ; 1)  y  (1; )  y  (1; ) (2)
19.5 3 3
h( x )  3 
x5 x5
  3
(2)
19.6 From the graph of h:

y
h
x
0 5

3 y = 3
(8;  4)

 (8;  4)
x=5
 5 x
5 x 8 or x  (5 ; 8]  x 8
(3)

OR
From translations:
h( x)   4  f ( x)  0 (4 units up)  f ( x)  0
If f ( x)  0, then 2  x  5  f (x): 2  x  5
 for h( x) : 5  x  8 (3 units to the right)  h (x): 5  x  8
(3)
19.7 3x  5
k ( x) 
x 1
By dividing x  1 into 3 x  5 :
2 2
k ( x)  3
x 1  k ( x)  3
x 1
 The asymptotes are: x  1 and y  3 x=1
y=3
(3)

24 | P a g e
 OR

3x  5
k ( x) 
x 1 2
 k ( x)  3
3( x  1)  2 x 1
k ( x) 
x 1 x=1
2 y=3
k ( x)  3  (3)
x 1 [17]
 The asymptotes are: x  1 and y  3

QUESTION 20

20.1 x  1  x  1 (1)
20.2 (1;  8)  answer (1)
20.3 2( x  1) 2  8  0 y=0
2( x  1) 2  8
( x  1) 2  4  ( x  1) 2  4
x  1  2  x  1  2
x  1 of x   3
 PQ = 1  3  4 units  PQ = 4 units
(4)
OR
2( x 2  2 x  1)  8  0 y=0
2 x2  4 x  2  8  0
2 x2  4 x  6  0
x2  2x  3  0  standard form
( x  3)( x  1)  0
 factors
x  1 of x   3
 PQ = 1  3  4 units  PQ = 4 units
(4)
20.4 k ( x)  2( x  1)  8
2
 substituting x by  x
 2( x 2  2 x  1)  8  simplification
2
 2 x2  4 x  2  8 ( x  2 x  1)
 answer
 2 x2  4 x  6
2
(2 x  4 x  6) (3)

25 | P a g e
 OR
k ( x)  2( x) 2  4( x)  6  substituting x by  x
 2 x2  4 x  6  answer (3)

OR
 substituting ( x  1) by
k ( x)  2( x  1) 2  8
( x  1)
 2( x 2  2 x  1)  8  simplification
 2x  4x  2  8
2 2
( x  2 x  1)
 2 x2  4 x  6  answer
2
(2 x  4 x  6) (3)
20.5 1
y

x 
2
y  log 1 x  answer (1)
2
OR
y   log 2 x  answer (1)
OR
1
y  log 2  answer (1)
x
20.6 y  shape
1
g
 x-intercept
x
1
(4 ; ̶ 2)  point (4; ̶ 2) or any
other point
(3)
20.7.1 0 x4  0 x
 x4 (2)
OR
x  (0; 4]  answer (2)
20.7.2 If x < 0 and f (x) > 0:
 x <  3  x  3
or if x > 0 and f (x) < 0:
 0  x 1  0  x 1 (4)

OR  (0; 1)
x  (0; 1)  ( ;  3)
 ( ;  3) (4)
[19]

26 | P a g e
QUESTION 21

# SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS Ma

k
21.1 OC = 6 units  OC = 6
A; B: x-intercepts: Let y = 0  Let y = 0
∴ −2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 = 0
∴ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0  Factors
∴ (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
∴ 𝑥 = −3 OR 𝑥 = 1  Both x-values
A(−3; 0) and B(1; 0) AB = 4 units  answer (5)
21.2 𝑏
𝑥 = − 2𝑎 = − [2(−2)] = −1
−4  substitution (2)
 𝑥 = −1
OR
OR
 derivative
f ′ (𝑥) = −4𝑥 − 4 = 0  𝑥 = −1
 𝑥 = −1
Answer only = FULL MARKS
21.3 Subst. 𝑥 = −1 in f(x)
∴ ST = −2(−1)2 − 4(−1) + 6  Subst. x = -1
= 8 units  answer (2)
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
21.4 mAC = 𝑥
2 − 𝑥1
0−6  Subst. in m
= −3−0 = 2  answer (2)
21.5 mg = 2; // lines  mg = 2
but mg = f ′ (𝑥) = −4𝑥 − 4 = 2  mg = f ′ (𝑥)
3  −4𝑥 − 4 = 2
∴ 𝑥 = −2 3
 𝑥 = −2
3 2 3 1 1
∴ 𝑦 = −2 (− 2) − 4 (− 2) + 6 = 7 2  𝑦 = 72
3 1 (5)
D(− 2 ; 7 2)
21.6 𝑎 = −1 ; the axis of symmetry  𝑎 = −1

OR
𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑡)
 Subst.
∴ −2(𝑎 + 𝑡)2 − 4(𝑎 + 𝑡) + 6
= −2(𝑎 − 𝑡)2 − 4(𝑎 − 𝑡) + 6
∴ −2𝑎2 − 4𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑡 2 − 4𝑎 − 4𝑡 + 6 (2)
= −2𝑎2 + 4𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑡 2 − 4𝑎 + 4𝑡 + 6
∴ 8𝑎𝑡 + 8𝑡 = 0
∴ 8𝑡(𝑎 + 1) = 0
 𝑎 = −1
∴ 𝑡 = 𝑜 or 𝒂 = −𝟏
[18

27 | P a g e
QUESTION 22

# SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS Ma

k
22.1 𝑥=1  answer (1)
22.2 x -int: Let y = 0 𝑦=0
2+𝑥
= 0  𝑥 = −2  𝑥 = −2
𝑥−1

(2)
A(−2; 0)
22.3 y -int: Let x = 0
2+0
= 𝑦  𝑦 = −2
0−1
 B(0; −2)  B(0; −2)
1
Area AOB = 2 AO × OB
1  Subst. in Area formula
= 2 (2)(2) = 2 units 2 (3)
 answer
22.4 2+𝑥 𝑥−1+3
𝑓(𝑥) = = 2+𝑥 𝑥−1+3
𝑥−1 𝑥−1  𝑥−1 =
𝑥−1 3 𝑥−1
= 𝑥−1 + 𝑥−1
3 𝑥−1 3 (2)
= +1  Simplify to∶ + 𝑥−1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

22.5 (3; 1)  3 (CA from 5.2 - shift 2 units to

the right) (2)
1
[10

QUESTION 23

# SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS Ma

k
23.1.1 𝑦 > −1; 𝑦 ∈ R  𝑦 > 0; 𝑦 ∈ R (2)
23.1.2 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥  𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥
∴ 𝑔−1 : 𝑦 = log 2 𝑥 𝑦 = log 2 𝑥 (2)
23.2.1 𝑘(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 ; 𝑥 ≤ 0  𝑘(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2
𝑥≤0 (2)
23.2.2 (0; 0) OR origin  Answer (2)
[8]

28 | P a g e