P525/2

CHEMISTRY
THEORY
Paper 1
25 July 2022
2 ½ hours

ENTEBBE JOINT EXAMINATION BUREAU

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

CHEMISTRY

Paper 2
.
2 hours 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Attempt any five questions including three questions from Section A and any
two questions from Section B.

Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.

Non – programmable scientific calculators may be used

Where necessary, use the following values:

[C = 12, O = 16,H = 1]

Begin each question on a fresh page.

EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY Total mark

QUESTION
SCORE

A – CHE – 2 2022 Entebbe Joint Examination Bureau: Chemistry Turn Over

1
 SECTION A

Answer three questions from this Section

1. An organic compound T contains 60.00 % carbon, 13.3% hydrogen, and the

rest being oxygen. When 0.23 g of T was vaporized at 290C and 90.2
mmHg, it occupied a volume of 800 cm3.

(a) Determine the:

(i) empirical formula of T. (02 marks)

(ii) molecular formula of T. (03 marks)

(R = 8.31JK-1 mol-1)

(b) T reacts with phosphorous pentachloride at room temperature to

produce white fumes.

(i) Name the functional group in T. (01 mark)

(ii) Write the structural formulae and IUPAC names of all

possible isomers of T. (02 marks)

(c) T reacts with a solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid and

anhydrous zinc chloride to form a cloudy solution after 8 minutes.
(i) Identify T. (½ mark)
(ii) Explain why a cloudy solution is formed. (1½ mark)
(iii) Write a mechanism for the reaction between T and
concentrated hydrochloric acid. (02 marks)

(d) Desribe how T can be

(i) prepared from 2, 2-dibromopropane. (04 marks)

(ii) converted to butanoic acid. (04 marks)

(Equation(s) are not required)

2
2. (a) State Kohlrauch’s law of independent migration of ions.
(01 mark)
(b) At 298K, a solution containing 2.84 g per litre of anhydrous sodium
sulphate has an electrolytic conductivity of 5.196 x 10-3 Ω-1cm-1.
Determine the:
(i) molar conductivity of sodium sulphate solution. (03 marks)
(ii) molar conductivity of sodium ions in the solution.
(The molar conductivity of sulphate ions is 159.6Ω-1cm2mol-1
at 298K) (02 marks)
(c) (i) Draw a sketch graph to show how molar conductivity of
sodium sulphate varies with the square root of concentration.
(ii) Explain the shape of the graph you have sketched in (c)(i)
above. (03 marks)
(d) The table below shows the molar conductivity of bromoethanoic
acid at different concentrations.
Concentration (moldm-3) 0 0.004 0.02 0.20
Molar conductivity Ω-1cm-2mol-1 411 55 18 7
(i) Explain the trend in the molar conductivity of bromoethanoic
acid. (02 marks)
(ii) Calculate the degree of ionization of bromoethanoic acid at
the dilution of 50 mol-1dm3. (2½ marks)
(iii) Determine the pH and hence the ionization constant, Ka of the
acid in (d)(ii) above. (4½ marks)
3. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements of group (VII) of the
periodic table.
(a) Write the formulae of the hydrides of the elements. (02 marks)
(b) The table below shows the boiling points of the hydrides of the
above elements.
Hydrides: F Cl Br I
0
Boiling point ( C) +19.9 -85.0 -66.7 -35.4
(i) Explain the trend of boiling points of the hydrides of the
above elements. (04 marks)

3 Turn Over
 (ii) State two other properties in which the hydride of fluorine
differs from hydrides of other group (VII) elements.
(02 marks)

(c) Describe the reaction of the hydrides of the above elements with:

(i) Concentrated sulphuric acid. (5½ marks)

(ii) Potassium carbonate (2½ marks)

(d) Describe the preparation of chlorine on a large scale. (Diagram not

required) (04 marks)

4. (a) State what is meant by the terms activation energy and order of
reaction. (02 marks)

(b) Ethanol decomposes when heated according to the following

equation:
CH3CHO (g) CH4 (g) + CO (g)

Calculate the enthalpy of decomposition of ethanol. (The standard

enthalpies of combustion of ethanal, methane and carbon monoxide
are -1187, -884 and -283.5 KJmol-1 respectively.) (03 marks)

(c) The energy of activation for the catalysed and uncatalysed

decomposition of ethanol are 136 and 190 KJmol-1 respectively.

(i) Draw the reaction profiles using the same axes for the
catalysed and uncatalysed reactions. Indicate the values of
activation energy and heat change. (04 marks)

(ii) Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of decomposition of

ethanol. (02 marks)
(d) The rate equation for the reaction

S2O2 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) SO2 (g) + S (s) + H2O (l)

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2
is given by; Rate = K [S2O ] [H+]2
3

(i) Deduce how the rate will be affected when the concentrations
of the reactants are all tripled. (02 marks)

(ii) Describe an experiment to determine the order of the reaction

with respect to thiosulphate ions in the laboratory. (07 marks)
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5. Complete the following equations and outline the possible mechanism for
the reaction in each case.

(a) CH3 + Br2 H2O (04 marks)

O
(b) CH3 OH + CH3CH2C Cl NaOH (aq) (04 marks)
heat
NO2
(c) + conc HNO3 conc. H2SO4 (04 marks)
heat

+
(d) (CH3)2 C CH2CH3 CH3ONa/CH3OH (04 marks)
Cl heat

(e) CH2 CHCCH3 NaHSO3 (aq) (04 marks)

O
6. The atomic numbers of calcium and chromium are 20 and 24 respectively.
(a) Write the electronic configuration of the atom of each element.
(02 marks)

(b) (i) State three properties in which chromium differs from

calcium. (1½ marks)

(ii Explain why chromium has a high melting point than calcium.
(02 marks)

(c) Describe the reaction of chromium with:

(i) Water (2½ marks)
(ii) Sulphuric acid (04 marks)

(d) Explain the reactions that take place when chromium(III) sulphate
solution is treated with:

(i) excess concentrated ammonia solution. (04 marks)

(ii) potassium sulphite solution (04 marks)

7. Steam distillation is one of the methods used in purification of substances

below their boiling points.
(a) (i) State three requirements for purifying a substance by steam
distillation. (1½ marks)

(ii) Explain the principle of purifying a substance by steam

distillation method. (03 marks)
5 Turn Over
 (b) Cyclohexane distils on steam at 980 C and standard atmospheric
pressure of 760 mmHg. Calculate the percentage of cyclohexane in
the distillate. (The vapour pressure of water at 980 C is 655 mmHg,
C = 12, H = 1, 0 = 16) (03 marks)
(c) Nitric acid and water form a non-ideal solution that deviates from
Raoult’s law. The table below shows the composition of nitric acid
in liquid and vapour phases at different temperatures.
Temp (0C) 90 96 101 103 104 106 110 113 116 119 120 121
Percentage Liquid 93 85 09 18 78 30 43 71 59 66 67 68
of nitric acid Vapour 98 96 01 03 90 08 20 81 40 53 58 68

(i) Plot a well-labelled boiling point composition diagram for the

nitric acid – water system. (The boiling points of nitric acid
and water are 860C and 1000C respectively. (05 marks)
(ii) Explain why the mixture of nitric acid and water shows the
type of deviation in the diagram in (i) above. (04 marks)
(iii) Describe what happens when a liquid mixture containing 40%
of nitric acid is fractionally distilled. (3½ marks)
8. Explain the following observations.
(a) A mixture of 50cm3 of 0.1 M ammonium hydroxide solution and
50cm3 of 0.1M hydrochloric acid gives a resultant solution whose
pH is less than 7. (4½ marks)
(b) The solubility of lithium chloride in ethanol is higher than solubility
of potassium chloride in ethanol. (03 marks)
(c) When iodine crystals are added to cold dilute sodium hydroxide
solution, grey solid dissolves to a pale yellow solution which turned
colourless on standing. (04 marks)
(d) When carbon dioxide was bubbled through an aqueous solution of
potassium manganate(VII) solution, the green solution turned purple
and a black precipitate was formed. (04 marks)
(e) When methanoic acid was warmed with Fehling’s solution, a red
precipitate was formed whereas with ethanoic acid, there was no
observable change. (4½ marks)

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