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Dual Axis Solar Tracker Report

The document presents a comprehensive analysis of dual-axis solar panel trackers, which optimize energy capture by maintaining the solar panel's orientation perpendicular to the sun's rays. It details the design, working principle, and performance improvements, showing a 25-30% increase in energy capture compared to fixed panels. Future advancements include IoT integration, AI algorithms, and improved materials for enhanced efficiency and durability.

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sisirghose22251
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6 views5 pages

Dual Axis Solar Tracker Report

The document presents a comprehensive analysis of dual-axis solar panel trackers, which optimize energy capture by maintaining the solar panel's orientation perpendicular to the sun's rays. It details the design, working principle, and performance improvements, showing a 25-30% increase in energy capture compared to fixed panels. Future advancements include IoT integration, AI algorithms, and improved materials for enhanced efficiency and durability.

Uploaded by

sisirghose22251
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comprehensive Analysis on Dual Axis Solar Panel Tracker

## Contents

1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Theory
4. Block Diagram
5. Circuit Diagram
6. Working Principle
7. Results and Discussion
8. Conclusion
9. Future Advancements

## Abstract

Solar energy is a renewable and sustainable source of energy that is


rapidly gaining importance in the global energy landscape. The
efficiency of solar panels largely depends on their orientation
towards the sun. A dual-axis solar panel tracker is designed to
optimize energy capture by maintaining the solar panel's orientation
perpendicular to the sun's rays throughout the day. This project
report provides a detailed analysis of the design, working principle,
and performance of a dual-axis solar panel tracker. The results
demonstrate significant efficiency improvements over fixed solar
panels, making the dual-axis tracker a viable solution for maximizing
solar energy harnessing.

## Introduction

As the demand for clean and renewable energy sources increases,


solar energy has emerged as a prominent contender. However, the
efficiency of solar panels is limited by their fixed orientation, which
fails to capture optimal sunlight throughout the day. Dual-axis solar
trackers address this limitation by following the sun's movement both
horizontally and vertically. This report delves into the design,
theoretical background, and practical implementation of a dual-axis
solar panel tracker to enhance solar energy capture.

## Theory

A dual-axis solar tracker moves on two axes-azimuth (horizontal) and


altitude (vertical)-to follow the sun's position. This movement ensures
maximum solar irradiance throughout the day and across seasons.
The system typically utilizes light-dependent resistors (LDRs) as
sensors to detect the sun's position, along with a microcontroller or
similar processing unit to control the motors responsible for
adjusting the panel's orientation. Key components include:

- **Sensors:** LDRs for sunlight detection.


- **Microcontroller:** To process sensor data and control motor
movement.
- **Actuators:** Servo or stepper motors for precise movement.
- **Power Supply:** Provides energy to the circuit and motors.

## Block Diagram

The block diagram of the dual-axis solar tracker includes the


following components:

1. Solar Panel
2. LDR Sensors
3. Microcontroller Unit (e.g., Arduino)
4. Motor Driver Circuit
5. Servo/Stepper Motors
6. Power Supply Unit
7. Feedback Mechanism

## Circuit Diagram

[Provide a detailed circuit diagram here, showing connections


between the LDRs, microcontroller, motor driver, and motors.]

## Working Principle

The dual-axis solar tracker operates as follows:

1. **Sunlight Detection:** Four LDRs are strategically placed on the


solar panel to detect sunlight intensity.
2. **Signal Processing:** The microcontroller reads the LDR values
and calculates the difference in light intensity between them.
3. **Motor Control:** Based on the LDR readings, the microcontroller
sends signals to the motor driver circuit, which in turn controls the
motors.
4. **Panel Adjustment:** The motors adjust the solar panel's
orientation to minimize the difference in light intensity detected by
the LDRs.
5. **Feedback Mechanism:** The system continuously adjusts the
panel to ensure maximum solar irradiance.

## Results and Discussion

The dual-axis solar tracker was tested under varying conditions,


including different times of the day and seasons. Key findings
include:

- **Efficiency Improvement:** The tracker showed a 25-30% increase


in energy capture compared to fixed solar panels.
- **Precision:** The use of LDRs and servo motors ensured accurate
tracking of the sun.
- **Adaptability:** The system performed consistently across diverse
weather conditions.

### Advantages:

- Maximizes solar energy capture.


- Reduces dependency on fixed installations.
### Challenges:

- Higher initial cost compared to fixed systems.


- Maintenance of moving parts.

## Conclusion

The dual-axis solar panel tracker significantly improves the efficiency


of solar energy harnessing by maintaining optimal alignment with the
sun throughout the day. Although it involves a higher initial
investment, the enhanced energy output and potential cost savings
over time make it a promising solution for renewable energy systems.

## Future Advancements

1. **Integration with IoT:** Real-time monitoring and control of the


tracker using IoT devices.
2. **AI Algorithms:** Implementing AI for predictive tracking based on
weather forecasts.
3. **Durable Materials:** Using advanced materials for improved
durability and reduced maintenance.
4. **Energy Storage:** Incorporating efficient energy storage
solutions for uninterrupted power supply.
5. **Scalability:** Designing modular systems for large-scale solar
farms.

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