Class: X Subject: Computer Sc.
Ch.7. Artificial Intelligence Ethics
Competency Based Questions:
The world of Artificial Intelligence revolves around Data. Every company whether small or big is mining
data from as many sources as possible. It is not wrongly said that the data is the new gold.
Q.1. Where do we collect data from?
Ans: The various sources of data collections are:
Online surveys, web scrapping, sensors, cameras, observations, researches interviews quizzes
experiments, secondary data analysis etc.
Q.2. Why do we need to collect data?
Ans: We need to collect data for the following reasons:
1. To make informed decisions.
2. To identify patterns and trends.
4. To improve products and services.
5. To identify problems and find solutions. Etc.
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Remember whenever you download an app and install it, it asks you for several permissions to
access your phone's data in different ways. If you do not allow the app these permissions, you cannot
access it. And to access the app and make use of it, we sometimes don't even give it a thought and
allow the app to get all the permissions that it wants. Hence every now and then, the app has the
permission to access various sensors which are there in your smartphone and gather data about and
your surroundings. We forget that the smartphone which we use is a box full of sensors which are
powered all the time while the phone is switched on.
Q.3. This leads us to a crucial question: Are we okay with sharing our data with the external World?
Ans: Yes, we can share the data with the outside world as long as we have appropriate security. Before
share ensure you have the rights safeguard policies and agreements. Investigate and access the data
you want share about. Understand why do we share it. You should have valid reasons for sharing it.
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AI is advancing and improving the lives of people by working for them and doing some of their
tasks, the other hand points towards the lives of people who are dependent on laborious jobs and are
not skilled to do anything else.
Q.4. Should AI replace laborious jobs? Is there an alternative for major unemployment?
Ans: AI can replace laborious jobs to increase efficiency but may lead to unemployment. Alternative
may include reskilling workers for emerging industries keeping people in unskilled jobs doesn’t
necessarily improve lives.
Q.5. Should AI not replace laborious jobs? Will the lives of people improve if they keep on being
unskilled?
Ans: If the AI will replace the jobs for the betterment it should do it. If it replaces the laborious jobs,
then there will not be any source of income for daily workers due to unemployment. They should be
reskilling them so that they may be ready for emerging industries keeping people in unskilled jobs will
not improve their lives.
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Q.6. Majorly, all the virtual assistants have a female voice. It is only now that some companies have
Understood this bias and have started giving options for male voices but since the virtual assistants
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came into practice, female voices are always preferred for them over any other voice. Can you think of
some reasons for this?
Ans: Because it is more comfortable to hear a female voice than a male voice. Virtual assistants have
the need to be more friendly and are supposed to behave as a helping hand. Therefore, that’s why
their companies preferred a female voice over a male voice.
Q.7. If you search on Google for salons, the first few searches are mostly for female salons. This is
based on the assumption that if a person is searching for a salon, in all probability it would be a female.
Do you think this is a bias? If yes, then is it a Negative bias or Positive one?
Ans: In my opinion this is a negative bias. It is trying to say that only female use salons. But actually it
is not true. It is so because generally the algorithm understands that women are visiting the salons
more often than men.
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Let us imagine that we are in year 2030. Self-driving cars which are just a concept in today’s time
are now on roads. Now, let us assume one day, your father is going to office in his self-driving car. He
is sitting in the back seat as the car is driving itself. Suddenly, a small boy comes in front of this car. The
incident was so sudden that the car is only able to make either of the two choices:
1. Go straight and hit the boy who has come in front of the car and injure him severely.
2. Take a sharp right turn to save the boy and smash the car into a metal pole thus damaging the car
as well as injuring the person sitting in it.
Q.8. If you were in the place of this developer and if there was no other alternative to the situation.
one of the two would you prioritize and why?
Ans: If I would be developer of the algorithm, I would have given the priority to save the small boy bt
taking the sharp right turn even it may smash the car with metal pole and get damage to car and person
also. As car is machine and can even be reconstructed.
Q.9. Let us now assume that the car has hit the boy who came in front of it. Considering this as an
accident, who should be held responsible for it? Why?
1. The person who bought this car
2. The Manufacturing Company
3. The developer who developed the ear's algorithm
4. The boy who came in from of the car and got severely injured
Ans: In general , all the parties involved in an accident mat share some level of moral responsibilities,
but the developer of the technologies ultimately bears the most significant responsibility.
Q.10 An Example: A young boy 10 class 3 has got some Maths homework to finish. He is sitting at a
table which has the Google Chatbot Alexa on it, and he is struggling with his homework. Soon, he starts
asking Alexa to answer all his questions. Alexa replies with answers and the boy simply writes them
down in his notebook. Is it ethical to let the boy use technology to help in this manner?
Ans: It is not good to let the boy use the technology to help in this manner, as the boy is expected to
do the work all by himself learn the concepts.
EXECERISES
A. Multiple choice questions.
1. Full form of 'TAY', the artificial intelligent chatbot is:
(a) Trends About You (b) Thinking About You
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(c) Talking About you (c) Time and You
Ans: (b) Thinking About You
2. The Hanson Robotics humanoid robot, ___________________was granted citizenship in Saudi
Arabia.
(a) Sophia (b) Simi
(c) Selena (d) Sara
Ans: (a) Sophia
3. The Indian project ______________ uses the latest face recognition technology to compare
photos from kids from orphanages
(a) Track Child (b) Trail Child
(c) Course Child (d) Route Child
Ans: (a) Track Child
4. Artificially intelligent machines:
(a) Do not have human touch (b) Can't do repetitive tasks
(c) Bring precision and accuracy to processes (d) Improve productivity
Ans: (a) Do not have human touch
5. Safety in AI can be understood as "AI must not cause accidents, or exhibit ____________ .
(a) Harmful behaviour (b) Human touch
(c) Precision and accuracy (d) Fairness
Ans: (a) Harmful behaviour
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Give some examples where AI is being used for good.
Ans: Examples of using AI for Good:
Human rights: Human trafficking is a big challenge in India. A quarter of a million kids were called
missing in the past 5 years. The Indian Project Track Child uses the latest face recognition
technology to compare photos from missing kids with photos from kids from orphanages. Within a
few days, 2930 kids were identified.
Environment: Wildlife conservation involves counting animals, which is a difficult task. Motion-
sensitive cameras can automatically photograph wild animals, providing massive amounts of data.
The system can save 39.3% of the manual labour (more than 17,000 hours) while performing at the
same 96.6% accuracy level of human volunteers.
Agriculture: Imago AI is an India-based ag-tech start up that aims to use AI to increase crop yields and
reduce nod waste. It's their hope that this technology can help feed the world's growing population
by optimizing agricultural methods. The company combines machine learning and computer vision
to automate tedious tasks like measuring crop quality and weighing yields. This won't just speed
up the process, but it will also help farmers to identify plants that have diseases.
2. "The world is seeing extraordinary advances in artificial intelligence. Yet at the same time, there is
concern regarding embedded within AI and the extent to which algorithms respect basic human
values." Justify.
Ans: Ethicists worry about a lack of transparency, poor accountability, unfairness, and bias in these
automated tools. With millions of lines of code in each application, it is difficult to know what values
are inculcated in software and how algorithms actually reach decisions.
There are many algorithms and software applications that can be used for good or evil. Facial
recognition can be deployed to find lost children or facilitate widespread civilian surveillance. It is not
the technology So much that dictates the moral dilemma as the human use case involved with the
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application. The very same algorithm can serve a variety of purposes, which makes the ethics of
decision making very difficult.
For this reason, companies have to consider not just the ethical aspects of emerging technologies,
but also their possible use cases.
Quoting several high-profile illustrations of the harm these systems can cause when they are
deployed too hastily: A Tesla crashed on Autopilot, killing the-driver, and a self-driving Uber crashed,
killing a pedestrian. Commercial face recognition systems performed terribly in audits on dark-skinned
people but tech giant continued them anyway, to customers including law enforcement.
C. Competency based questions.
Q.1. If you search on Google for salons, the first few searches are mostly for female salons. This is based
on the assumption that if a person is searching for a salon, in all probability it would be a female. Do
you think this is a bias? If yes, then is it a Negative bias or Positive one?
Ans: In my opinion this is a negative bias. It is trying to say that only female use salons. But actually it
is not true. It is so because generally the algorithm understands that women are visiting the salons
more often than men.
Q.2. AI and robotics have raised some questions regarding liability. Take for example the scenario of
an 'autonomous’ or AI-driven robot moving through a factory. Another, robot surprisingly crosses its
way and our robot draws aside to prevent collision. However, by this manoeuvre the robot Injures a
person.
(i) Who can be held liable for damages caused by autonomous systems?
(ii) List two AI Ethics.
Ans: It is actually very difficult to blame anyone in such a scenario. Here is the situation where AI Ethics
come in to the picture. Here, the choices might differ from person to person and one must understand
that nobody is wrong in this case. Every person has a different perspective and hence he/she takes
decisions according to their moralities. But still if someone is to be liable then it should be the
programmer who has designed the algorithm of the autonomous vehicle as he/she should have
considered all the exceptional conditions that could arise
Some AI ethics in this case may be:
1. Proportionality and Do No Harm
2. Safety and Security
3. Responsibility and Accountability
Q.3. As Artificially Intelligent machines become more and more powerful, their ability to accomplish
tedious tasks is becoming better. Hence, it is now that AI machines have started replacing humans in
factories. While people see it in a negative way and say AI has the power to bring mass unemployment
and one day, machines would enslave humans, on the other hand, other people say that machines are
meant to ease our lives. If machines take over monotonous and tedious tasks, humans should upgrade
their skills to remain their masters always. What according to you is a better approach towards this
ethical concern? Justify your answer.
Ans: AI taking over laborious jobs won’t create unemployment. It is just a groundless fear.
In this technical change some jobs are displaced by the substitution of machines for labour, but
that the fear of total displacement is misplaced because new jobs are created.
Largely due to the technology-fuelled increase in productivity. Humans have always shifted away
from work suitable for machines and to other jobs.
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The basic fact is that technology eliminates jobs, not work. If this level of AI revolution will happen,
lots of job opportunities will be created.
For example: 20-30 years ago, being an accountant was a lucrative job, AI took over this job but
this created a lot of opportunities, it raised the demand of a software engineer, data scientist, etc.
It will open doors to skilful jobs rather than doing laborious tasks. Thus, we will be able to cope
with the level of major unemployment, if AI took over laborious jobs.
Q.4. Amazon had been working on a secret AI recruiting tool. The machine-learning specialists
uncovered a big problem: their new recruiting engine did not like women. The system taught itself that
male candidates were preferable. It penalized resumes that included the word "women". This led to
the failure of the tool. This is an example of
(a) Data Privacy (b) AI Access
(c) AI Bias (d) Data Exploration
Ans: (c) AI Bias
Q.5. A school uses an AI-based system to manage the learning process by delivering customized study
materials. To assign appropriate subjects to students, the system takes into consideration all the
factors such as gender, race, ongoing learning, economic level, minority status and previous
educational institute. However, because it ignores a fundamental aspect of learning as an ongoing
process based on an individual's abilities and knowledge, this approach may lead to a student's future
prospects being hidden.
What is the significance of this scenario?
(a) Deep fakes (b) Algorithm bias
(c) Safety concerns (d) Explainable AI
Ans: (b) Algorithm bias
Q.6. According to The New York Times, Facebook users who viewed a video of Black males on a British
tabloid were asked, "Would you like to keep viewing videos of primates (apes and monkeys)?" after
seeing the video. As a result, the company disabled the AI function that made the recommendation,
apologized for the "unacceptable error" and began an investigation into what went wrong.
What do you think the company found as the reason of this incident?
(a) Gender bias (b) Biased data fed into the machine
(c) Data Privacy (d) Data Availability
Ans: (b) Biased data fed into the machine
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