International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

ORGANIC WASTE COMPOST MACHINE: A

REVIEW
Nikhil Nagpure1, Chandrashekhar Irkhede2,Prof. S. S. Pawar3
Final Year Students1,2, Assistant Professor3, Department Of Mechanical Engineering,
Smt. Radhikatai Pandav College Of Engineering,
Umrer Road, Nagpur – 440009, India

Abstract:

Composting is process of reuse of degradable components to conserve sources that we use in day to day life. The composting methods has
received more attention due to pollution issue and the search for ecofriendly methods for treating waste. Waste volumes increases rapidly,
which leads to loss of ecosystem. Dumping in fertile land may cause permanent infertility of that land, the Land filling of biodegradable waste
is proven to contribute to environmental degradation, mainly through the production of highly polluting greenhousegases. Composting deals to
controlling of waste for land filling. Reduction of solid waste and return of organic substances to the natural cycle. This paper reviews
information on the composting techniques forconserving environmental factors

1. INTRODUCTION:

In India waste generated daily according to report of The compost quality is depending upon the type of organic
Government of India’s Ministry of Urban Development. As waste, procedure of composting, time period etc.
the cities are increasing with vast migration of public from
one place to another, the waste is also increasing day by day
[9]. Most part of the waste is used for unscientific landfilling [1] In India, the potential of producing organic waste is about
or irregular dumping on outskirts of cities, which is the big 4.4 million tons each year [9]. The main problem in
reason for global warming because the green-house gases emit generation of good quality compost is that there is
from that landfill. The available waste management system inappropriate MSW management system. The proper
containing collection, storage, transportation, and processing arrangement of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste is
of waste is not properly done. important to obtain good quality of compost. There are two
types of organic waste found in cities.
In relation with MSW management, one of the big problem The large amount of municipal, industrial, and agricultural
being faced by towns or cities is that the quantity of solid wastes has led increasing environmental, social and economic
waste is increasing and government bodies are not capable to problems. Stringent environmental regulations for waste
modify he facilities require to manage it. A survey is disposal and landfills make finding new sites for waste
conducted by Natural Environmental Engineering Research disposal and management a growing challenge. Additionally,
Institute, Nagpur in most cities and predict about 59 000 Tons landfills use arable lands and soils which can be used for
of MSW generated per day. The efficient method to dispose agriculture. The two primarily environmental concerns related
the organic waste is by composting it to use in agriculture to landfills gas emission. The extract produced from landfills
field. Composting is an oxygen needed process in which may contain a most of toxic and polluting contents. If
microorganisms degrades the organic waste to nitrogen rich managed improperly, waste liquid canpollute groundwater and
manure. Currently only 9-10% of organic waste generated surface water. Landfill gas outflows are a blend of risky gases,
utilized for and different gases, for example, benzene. A few components
composting. Different type of methods is used to convert of landfill gas might be profoundly harmful, different parts
compost from organic waste by various enterprises and can incorporate alkali, and other Sulfur mixes, which deliver
government bodies the awful scent. The generation of these landfills depends on
the constitution of the disposed material. The more organic
wastes are dumped, the more gas is produced by
decomposition, the dampening content is increased, and thus
the more extract is produced. Moreover, disposal sites produce

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International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)

noise, dust and odor which make the surrounding area to handle the waste. The heating is self-generated by micro-
undesirable for habitation. Solid waste management requires organisms, which produces manure, biogas etc. The
the application of effective strategies for proper wastes degradation process can be accelerated by the thermophilic
disposal and treatment. Successful waste policy requires a phase. The moisture has to be about 60% and the temperature
five-step waste management hierarchy. As demonstrated in is in the range 65˚C-67˚C. [4]
Figure 1.1, the hierarchy consists of waste prevention, reuse,
recycle, recovery, and disposal. Recycling involves MohdSahaidKalil The landfilling is considered to be used
conserving resources and preventing material from entering forwaste management. But because of it the green-house gases
the waste stream. Biological treatment technologies. liberates to the atmosphere. The organic waste should be
Permanently remove the organic material from the waste composted to increase the quality of the soil. [5]
zone.
other organizations in the industrial, commercial and AjinkyaHande By using the shredder the organic waste can
institutional sectors use on-site composting facilities. bechopped to small particles so that proper aeration is done.
Due to which the manure is formed in less time and the farmer
ORGANIC WASTE COMPOST MACHINE will get good quality manure at low cost. [6]

El-Sayed. G. Khater The chemical and physical properties

ofmanure made from the organic waste is studied. The
properties such as porosity, water holding capacity, pH,
Carbon: Nitrogen ratio, etc. are studied. The manure quality is
depends upon the proportion a physical existence. [7]

Christiana.Oa , Adepo S. Olusegunb IOSR Journal of

Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org ISSN (e): 2250-
3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 04, Issue 04 (April. 2014),
||V6|| PP 29-33
LITERATURE REVIEW As families and communities search for safe and effective
ways to manage kitchen wastes, composting becomes a more
J. C. HargravesThe recycling of Municipal Solid Waste attractive management option, this not only restore value to it
byusing composting is very efficient. The compost can be but also lead to a reduction in the amount of waste that require
used for agriculture but it has to be nutrient rich and low metal disposal. [8]
content. For good quality compost the garbage has to be
separated at early stage. The metal content can be increased if Carmel Carey, Warren Phelan and Conall Boland
sewage sludge is added into the compost. [1] Environmental RTDI Programme 2000 -
2006ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
K. R. AtaliaThe management of municipal solid waste can Comhshaoil PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford,
beincreased by developing technology or method to convert Ireland.
waste into useful product. The organic waste which is Organic waste (i.e. food and garden waste) constitutes the
biodegradable can be converted to environmental friendly single largest component (~36%) of household waste. Irish
organic compost. The organic compost increases soil waste management policy requires source separation of
productivity, decreases environmental pollution and reduces organic household waste to divert this material away from
cost. The excess use of chemical fertilizers is hazardous to soil landfill to higher treatment options. The preferred sustainable
as well as to the environment as it causes water and air option is to biologically treat organic waste and produce a
pollution. The composting is beneficial as it reduces valuable reusable end product, i.e. compost. [9]
landfilling, decreases water pollution due to contamination,
minimizes the transportation cost etc. The composting is
sustainable and wealth generating method. [2]

Tom. L. Richard The ideal way to produce compost is

byseparating the waste, reducing the size and proper mixing. 4. CONCLUSION
The step by step process has to bedone to make good system
of composting. While designing the system following factors The organic waste compost machine helps rapid composting
has to be considered: cost such as operational, maintenance by increasing temperature of a compost gradually. The
and capital, market for the compost, flexibility etc. [3] flexibility is increased and the total volume of organic waste
SutriptaSarkar In many cities the proper management of is minimized. Also the quality of the compost is depending
wasteis major problem. The organic composting is good way

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International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)

upon factors such as moisture content, pH, temperature, time [4]. SutriptaSarkar, Subrata Pal, SunandaChanda.
etc. “Optimization of Vegetable waste composting process with a
The time require to form compost is reduced as compared to significant,
natural usual time.
By the process of aerobic decomposition of organic [5]. MohdSahaidKalil, Saleh Ali Tweib and
biodegradable waste, the quantity decreases that can solve the RakmiAbdRahman, A literature reviews on composting.
size of organic waste management.
The organic waste is also a good and healthy compost for [6]. Hande Ajinkya, PadoleVivek, “Design and fabrication
agricultural use. Also it does not have any reversible effect on portable organic waste chopping machine to obtain compost”.
environment. |

REFERENCES [7]. El-Sayed. G. Khater, Some physical and chemical

properties of compost.
[1]. J.C. Hargreaves, “A review of the use of composted
municipal solid waste in agriculture”, Agriculture ecosystems [8]. Suler, D. J., &Finstein, M. S. (1977). Effect of
and environment, 2016 temperature, aeration, and moisture on CO2 formation in
bench-scale, continuously thermophilic composting of solid
[2]. Talia. K. R.,”A review on composting of municipal solid waste.
waste”, Journal of Environmental Science IOSR, Toxicology
and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 2015 [9]. Sundberg, C., &Jönsson, H. (2016). Higher pH and faster
decomposition in bio-waste composting by increased aeration.
[3]. Tom L. Richard, Cornell Waste Management Institute,
2016 [10]. Iglesias Jiménez, E., & Pérez García, V. (2015).
Relationships between organic carbon and total organic
matter

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