¥SeonlOt TE is Q@ Inbvilt Ibapy- Function whieh ig declared im “ Stdign header filo» ze ig vsed to take trput From the user. Zn Seon? Final ‘must be used ta format Specifier Aike hay hey he ete. @ operatora + | operators is @ Symbol. Ihat USed te | Perform mathematicat oP logicat | opera ton on varlables bre values: — Types Of operator, t © Avithyn atic operatira |B Relational aperatons’ Go ‘Logical dperatirs @®. Bitwise “operatsrs ‘ Oo Assignment operators | ¥ Apitymatic “operators 4 IS Lt. 16 the Emost jmportant operator. xt takeS fumericat ‘yale in the rm of input Oma Beets praduce Single numerical value efter Performing oper ahons. t| * Logical’ operator 2 aa | CH) operaton: use for. Additions + | OD operator use i far Substration’ o OPE Pasture OS» far MulHiplicetion. | PEP A toe c” Mam Use op | divides | | Cu) OPerater Use FOr modu la Hor | J * Relational OPeratop s ae j a check Numerical equ ally or ee ete THiS operators (EVERY UsefUL- in Condi tional Program when Wwe Cheek Leondition betwee n. two ; Operands. - lOPeraton [nearing ~ sides tign oe) | > greater than Az dess ar equak 22 Qreatr arequal ==) | compar dstion ee Not e4bat ——— —S | é Tt is vsed +o combine two or Mone selaton lo jeally. Zt always Pradvre Single result in the form of true ore Falsebut at a time any one ree 1B wold.| Fitba “aod civa Finelaved copied ated CH AND’ CS 3) —+, both axe true: thon trie GY OR -CLE)D >. amyone ois, ctrve the tree, (hi) NoT Cit) @ , Z TE BEN ¥ Assignment operator + It [& Used to Sormething: es asst the variable. ovr Ngko - 2? fy b oypeR ae a wl 4 (9S ory, | —" ir Simple : enn ce » ‘ Se x= 5 ete] & Bit wi ée epevrartan + B Bitwise “operators Ome Used ts a individvat bits oF A numbers Tt Can be Use anly, integer ie Value % nolll Floak, double “ee. , 1 oPeratse | meaning ] »> Bitwixe’ omd 1 i “~n 6R i oN 4 non. voit) 9 na . Compte rent E Not operat) iv : Ol) tae shi > >) Right Shit.© keywords Ss 5 whos Te ie oa) geserved words < : ; in tha compit meaning already defined ‘e There os 22 keywords in c Program, We can’ use keywords For our Per smal work, Exainple int's chars wold, devble; de, For, goto ete © Datat type Datatype is a type of ‘doco, Ghieh 18 vsed In the program’ : mother Gord, we can say that It 14 Used to declare ca variable. 117 OP-* gp Datatype spect how we entered data M ovr Pragram § ana What +ype a data we entred. [Primary datatype Secondary datatype Int >(byt) . chan 3G byt) ftray Ploat SU BYR) - 4 tye tie i uc Lens Vatd =(No Size ) ye!POF Paming > feces Henle (ty |®@ Syntax Error ? | ences ete Tts oOcaeur'’s when, we Vvidlese FY 4 longus. grarrmel cally Pulin of programming ge: yo i @ Runtime erragps . iA omy error tnak, Causes / atime error | abnormak program. termination ducing, execution, @ Logical error + A logieat error simply ‘an incorrect translation OF either the Problem 1 Statement ar the algorithm, £2 WEG Dot toe @, Tokens & Di Tokens ase, the -smalleak unit of O Progra, we con define the token ab the Small indivival elements on | ® classi€icaton p€ Token £0 | pera aE a A Tokens p34 p—> Keywords C32 key. In c) -— Identifier fo String: —> Operatars Constant C Fixed tate) 8 . i} i pecial symbot > 3l#lo De ete; nA Identifiers + A tdentifrers, Pefens tai name Ue Used te identify Variables functions, Structures ond, Sa an. @ Varioble * The name of Memory location 14 Callad Garioble- Tt 18 used cto: Shire data, Variable ane Changoble » we ean change the value oF: Navseele during the Bxcutin oF Program 3 — Types Of Variable = @ local variable @ citebat: vaniable @ Statice variable @ putometit VaPplable Se external Vvaniaste, % Local variable = ee is declared inside | Tents variable thet the funeHon ov block Lé Sa@licdhlaéatl Variable. * Global variable F . oe A variable that i4° funetiom of block .14 called global van ible declared OUtSide the1S) sla # Automate variable + PALL variable are declared | inside ty, Noeks ane- automat*? variable by) default. Ge @an explreility declang aon automate variable using aude Keyword: % State Variable t A Variable that iS deetared: witha the: ‘Static Keytward called Static Variable * Extepnal Varjable + G2 can Share a Varlable, In multiple Sources Files by vding culth an, exter nal Variable. ® Constant + Constant is an (Cah) entity that Petry tO Fixed Vales ang it can't be Modified. -keywords — Const. 7. TYPES OF ConStone oe Os 5 Integer constant D character conStent 5 Floating. - point Constary + } Stritig tonsdane.1@ Loop: Any repeated task mare than. one time “ts Called (oop. >TyPex of Loap ie Pe ae ' © While. (oop. b @® Do loop, @ eFow} loop >; | ® While loop + ae Om TONGA the Conditional expression | | frye, loop body Stertem ents CEM be executed © Flow chaptt [Prittali2g tien L —Keraswal E _ Code inSide body oF while looP. executed.% Do- while loop t a2 do While loopis a post ~ test loop. Ea i® Similar to cuh ile, loop excepe The do- While lop terminates ‘Wher — Me text expression 14 evaluated to (be zero. Flow charg 2, | % For Loop + For loop execute the Statement ot program, Several times’ Pe Peatealy unt. Qa condition Peturns False,Flow ehart & vilnitta lization i ad | Ce ISVS Catieaitetl | |\__ a deer | 5 4 AS = | D=l2/s/24 pas SL What is mainwy- a SMain 18 A USP -gefined Finchon’ because User | i& Mesponsible to define. the logic: india the Main funeton.s Each aod every _ Program has atleast one function which fs main’ Function. The execution of Program alivaya Starts and bends with main Ffuncttons # PPINt EO = | THié (&Used to Print any type of mess Onmd Valucs an the ConSeles wa UBe Brine Fonction. with formet Specifier like ~ hid 5 | GO, eo 1,5 ete. Le tS aL, MbuiLé; Hoary | finetion whieh (& declaned Jw &Stdjo.n” | header €ile-ae) Punetionss Function axe USed to divide a large 414 € Program. ints Smoelay, pieces- Tt also Called procedure ov Subroviing. e Advantages z Owe can easily debvg @ program oSing PEagReM Actions: -/,, 1 eons @ we cane Pewsniting Same Logi ¢ throug functions: : Types oF fimeton + Two types — . @ Libary, foneti on © Print€O), Sean¥O ete) ® user define function ( created By User slike add Grete) . > calling oF fimetion 2 @ cab by Valve ; ae “ @ Catt by Preference # Call by voclvet yin Col by Value we PAS8e3 the value, of Normal Va vig ble's touthe calling functions * In Colk by value, the aAetwal Vale ofA Parclle logram denote q@ . [ance 7 input Lloutput type . at . a / ; i aslthmeHe insteveton: THIS Symbol Mostly VSS & Pepre smt the process © © — +> Diamond Symbal ee . i a decision Point. >“ y (Cy) Algorithm yy ee is a Step by Step eimai Pro << dure » a set of insteucHons to be yr to qet the Z¢ Which define execute in a certain arde desined output. €&D comite (OG program 40 “make wREcHp multi plicatat ta ble >: => of (nclude . ~ mt matn€). . ( ¢ int NLM » i d o at : + peinte ¢ enter the number Whos mou ive eatin table (56 4 be printed (n')§Variable can't be Chongéed eT F you Change the value of FUNCHOr Parames, itats, Changed Far the current Fonet'on |) Wy bud ft.rnot Change the Vale | of Variable InSide the malin Fimction, *K Call by address TN Call by address we passes the addregy | of mormeL Vartables to the calling finctt on. = TN Calk by address: the: actual Value , Of Variabte Changed SIN Lie mak Ar qumenk @ Flowehar+ + Floweharts ane. “diagrams Showin ¢ ce Exac€ Sequence oF logical Steps. Btn a Graphical 1ePresemtation ov an edgoritnm, ro i oo ® Basic Symbals Ved Im F lowe hae ae eet @ Cy = TR ovat. Symbol indicates 7 Start Omd Stop of the Program. -seant CGO anim ) 3 for Cisogi xn 5 i++) c ry vn i prince CS Md ed = Ldn gratin (yf } qeteh Os Peturn of CD ¢- program: +o tind Sumo¥ First 1 Naturak num ber, DoH include Kstdid HS “ink matey: ME Tym. Sum A print ( } «enter. The last natu rat number | YOY WA tbo tag ‘Sum ok rns sean’ ( “nd”, ans gin i Por C fel 5f for “different vedngitona. Br Wis? Stetemnend there Ge ione HC 1 Cond Tat on: -Omd “MUL pte Lae TL coral Han dnd one else block. | a+ % Nested j€ 2 / “Whenever. 1f— Statyrent contain (self another jx - Stakemmk | & Called nesicd iF Statement . ae (is) Array + f Tt ig O Variable which : Stare mare than One ovaowes OF Same. datatpe mM-A@ @Gonkhnvovs Memory locaton:| Print e Chad’, eds j | _ String + String ane aetvally one dimensiones OF array character, Which +18 term. naked by © \o° Cnutt) Chara ete. this Nult character Mdicates eng iar the String. ete ASCIT C6de of '\9) charg 4 n CHop 15 Zero. * Declaraton of String 0) Character Array + @ char sty [6] = BEY. LU, ON} ° 9 Behar SP Je “years 5@ chon ste [2093 5 ci) string painter + ” @ Char * ste o “HELLO 5; 2 340% of oe 7 ¥ Strings fineton + vey “dy atl @ strepy = copg one Stein 4 +o omother String @ strempa Compere two String 2 @® Ste low 3 “FoerePind the, omg th ot ida | @ ‘strrev = Rewer se Ste fg. us ee Str lige > covert Str Tag upper fe teuen. © Stropre > Covert String lower des 3PM 1@ streak > Merge two String? | we pointer Fo 7 = . . | A poimicey 16, veriable thot Contains’ the address, oF another Naniable sft | Exomple = mtasios — . . ae int * pep > ptr= Say printé Cray Pfeds ML IO4e pring) Cra E HDS yg ear’ res eteh O25 a ° while working with pointe r aukeuk — — swe need twa unery oPEraten sc, TOU GO*# 2 Address of operate nr ta @rtn- ‘value Of Odaress Oferabr —% FuncHon pointer + dz the | A pomter variable that hol address af functon (% kKnoNn ay Function painter. Syntax t petumm type Ca var. Named 4 sou PaYGmey | | © Void pointer = cee eel A pointer which 1s declared by te l help of Sora’ Keyword Is Celle d val d | Pointer. T+ com haid ony TPs of | AAdVERE © tHe Size OF Void PaiInk ris | 2 bytes. ' | | enuce Pointer + ee es | A Pointer Variable trot 16 Initialize RTH the NULL Nabi: oat tye! | Poinky Soares time “6¥¢ declareton 4x CaMed NW Pointe | The NULL pointer thet doestm't point +a any “Meraery locaton, 7” © Pointer +o polnter + A pointer variable hich halds o dG dares oF onother Pointy, Variable 15. called Painter to POINTED. - we CON 1M plement the pointer ‘to pointer OPEPation upto 12 | Stages > ores i * | ee Oe aay