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Central Limit Theorem

The Central Limit Theorem states that for a sufficiently large sample size, the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be approximately normal regardless of the population's distribution. This document explains the theorem's significance, how to apply it to calculate probabilities, and provides examples of computing z-scores using the theorem. It emphasizes understanding the relationship between sample size, population mean, and standard deviation in probability calculations.

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Abdiel Relles
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4 views22 pages

Central Limit Theorem

The Central Limit Theorem states that for a sufficiently large sample size, the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be approximately normal regardless of the population's distribution. This document explains the theorem's significance, how to apply it to calculate probabilities, and provides examples of computing z-scores using the theorem. It emphasizes understanding the relationship between sample size, population mean, and standard deviation in probability calculations.

Uploaded by

Abdiel Relles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Central Limit Theorem

Probability: Statistics:
From population to From sample to the
sample (deduction) population (induction)
The Central Limit Theorem

WHAT MUST BE VALUED MOST?

Understand the importance of the Central Limit


Theorem

Correctly apply the Central Limit Theorem to


calculate probabilities associated with a sample mean
THE CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM
The “World is Normal” Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem

If a random sample of n observations is selected from


a population (any population), then when n is
sufficiently large, the sampling distribution of x will
be approximately normal.
(The larger the sample size, the better will be the normal
approximation to the sampling distribution of x.)
Probability Histogram
(Distribution) for a dice
rolled where n=1
Probability Histogram
(Distribution) for a dice rolled where n=2
NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN BIRTH
NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN BIRTH
NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN BIRTH
NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN BIRTH
NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN BIRTH
COMPUTING Z-SCORES USING THE
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
Z-score of
sample

Where: x−μ
Z= 𝒔
Z = z-score ( )
𝒏
x = sample mean
μ = population mean
s = standard deviation
n = sample size
Z-score of Sample Means
1. You have a sample size of 33 out of 50 students that has an
average grade of 85. With a standard deviation of 23, what is the
probability that your samples will result into having an average of
88 and higher?
Given: μ = 85 [Average of the population (50 students)]
x = 88 (samples … an average of 88) *Sample Mean
s = 23
n = 33
*Read the problem carefully and identify the given.
Z-score of Sample Means
2. You have chosen 33 samples randomly out of 50 students that
has an average grade of 85. With a standard deviation of 23, what
is the probability that your samples will result into having an
average of 88 and higher?
1. Solve for z. μ = 85 x= 88 s = 23
n = 33
x−μ 𝟖𝟖 − 85 𝟑
𝒛= 𝒔 𝒛= 𝒛=
𝟒. 𝟎𝟎 𝟒. 𝟎𝟎
𝒏

𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝒔
*First, solve for . Answer in two decimal places, then solve for z.
𝒏
Z-score of Sample Means
2. You have chosen 33 samples randomly out of 50 students that
has an average exam score of 85. With a standard deviation of 23,
what is the probability that your samples will result into having an
average of 88 and higher?
1. Solve for z. 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
2. Find the z-score on the z-table

16 39 62 85 108 131 154


3. Analyze the problem, create a normal distribution, and shade
the area that corresponds to the result (88 and higher)
Value on the z-table:
Since, the shaded area does not satisfy the value
0.7734 or 77.34% on the z-table: 1 – .7734 = .2266 or 22.66%
2. A new survey found that the average person can hold 540
seconds before losing their cool. If 40 individuals are randomly
selected with a standard deviation of 464. Assuming that the
variable is normally distributed:
B. Find the probability that the 40 individuals will be less than 510
Given: μ = 540 x = 510 s = 464 n = 40
x−μ 𝟓𝟏𝟎 − 540 −𝟑𝟎 𝒔 𝟒𝟔𝟒
𝒛= 𝒔 𝒛= 𝒛= = 𝒔 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟑𝟔
𝟕𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝟕𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝒏 𝟒𝟎
𝒏
𝒛 = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟏
Value on the z-
table: .3409 or 34.09%

-852 -388 76 540 1004 1468 1932


Creating the normal distribution.
*The middle of the distribution (curve) is the
POPULATION MEAN
*The gap between the means depend on the
STANDARD DEVIATION

Population Mean: 85
Standard Deviation: 23
16 39 62 85 108 131 154

*Shade the left side if “less than”.


*Shade the right side if “greater than”.

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