CSC028: Web Technology and Design - 100 Questions and Answers

1. What is the Internet?

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that use standardized
communication protocols to exchange data.

2. What is a network?
A network is a group of interconnected devices that share data and resources.

3. What are the main components of a network?

Routers, switches, servers, clients, and transmission media like cables or wireless
connections.

4. How does TCP/IP help in data transmission?

TCP ensures reliable delivery by dividing data into packets, while IP handles addressing and
routing.

5. What is an IP address?
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to devices on a network for communication.

6. What was ARPANET?

ARPANET was the first network that led to the development of the modern Internet, created
in 1969.

7. What is the function of a router?

A router directs data packets between different networks, ensuring efficient data transfer.

8. What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

The WWW is a collection of web pages accessible via the Internet using browsers.
9. What are web browsers?
Web browsers are software applications used to access and display web pages, e.g., Chrome,
Firefox.

10. What is a web server?

A web server is a computer that stores and delivers web content to users upon request.

11. What is the difference between the Internet and the WWW?
The Internet is a global network of computers, while the WWW is a service that runs on the
Internet, using web pages and links.

12. What are the main uses of the Internet?

Communication, research, e-commerce, entertainment, social networking, and remote work.

13. What are search engines?

Search engines are web services that help users find information on the Internet, e.g.,
Google, Bing.

14. What is the function of HTTP?

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting web pages between browsers
and servers.

15. What is HTTPS?

HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data to protect user privacy.

16. What is FTP?

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer files between computers over the Internet.

17. What is SMTP?

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails over the Internet.
18. What is Telnet used for?
Telnet allows remote access to another computer over a network.

19. What is VoIP?

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) enables voice communication over the Internet, e.g.,
Skype, Zoom.

20. What is video conferencing?

Video conferencing is a communication method that allows users to interact via video and
audio over the Internet.

21. What is email?

Email is an electronic messaging system used for communication over the Internet.

22. What is e-commerce?

E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet.

23. What is an IP packet?

An IP packet is a formatted unit of data carried over the Internet or any network.

24. What are the main advantages of the Internet?

Access to information, communication, business opportunities, entertainment, and
education.

25. What are the disadvantages of the Internet?

Cybersecurity threats, privacy issues, addiction, misinformation, and online fraud.

26. What is a web client?

A web client is a software application that interacts with web servers, usually a browser.
27. What is a web hosting service?
Web hosting is a service that allows individuals and organizations to publish websites on
the Internet.

28. What is a domain name?

A domain name is a human-readable address used to access websites, e.g., google.com.

29. What is a DNS?

DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names into IP addresses.

30. What is HTML?

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to structure and display content on web
pages.

31. What is CSS?

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements on web pages.

32. What is JavaScript?

JavaScript is a programming language used to create interactive web pages.

33. What is XML?

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is used for structuring and transporting data.

34. What is XHTML?

XHTML is an extension of HTML that follows stricter XML syntax rules.

35. What are markup languages?

Markup languages define the structure and presentation of documents, e.g., HTML, XML.

36. What is a web application?

A web application is a software program accessed through a web browser over the Internet.
37. What is dynamic web content?
Dynamic web content changes based on user input or server-side scripts.

38. What is a client-side script?

A client-side script runs in the user's browser, affecting webpage behavior and interactivity.

39. What is server-side scripting?

Server-side scripting runs on the web server, handling database interactions and logic.

40. What are examples of server-side programming languages?

PHP, Python, Node.js, Ruby, Java, and ASP.NET.

41. What are the benefits of server-side programming?

Security, database integration, and dynamic content generation.

42. What are the disadvantages of server-side scripting?

Requires more server resources and can introduce security vulnerabilities.

43. What is a database?

A database is an organized collection of data that can be accessed and managed
electronically.

44. What is SQL?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for managing and querying databases.

45. What is a multimedia web element?

A multimedia web element includes animations, videos, and audio to enhance user
experience.
46. What is the role of animations in web design?
Animations improve user engagement and illustrate complex ideas visually.

47. What are the challenges of using multimedia in web design?

Increased loading times, bandwidth issues, and potential user distraction.

48. What is a static website?

A static website displays fixed content and does not change dynamically.

49. What is a dynamic website?

A dynamic website updates content dynamically based on user interactions or databases.

50. What are some common web development frameworks?

React, Angular, Vue.js (client-side) and Django, Flask, Express.js (server-side).

51. What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing provides computing services over the Internet, including storage, servers,
databases, networking, and software.

52. What is a CDN?

A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a distributed network of servers that deliver web
content based on the user's location.

53. What is cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity involves protecting internet-connected systems, including hardware,
software, and data from cyber threats.

54. What is encryption?

Encryption is the process of encoding information to prevent unauthorized access.
55. What is a firewall?
A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network
traffic based on security rules.

56. What is an IP address conflict?

An IP address conflict occurs when two devices on the same network are assigned the same
IP address.

57. What is a VPN?

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) encrypts internet connections to enhance security and
privacy.

58. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, whereas IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for more unique
addresses.

59. What is a phishing attack?

A phishing attack is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising as a
trustworthy entity.

60. What is a DDoS attack?

A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack overwhelms a network or service with
excessive traffic to disrupt normal operations.

61. What is malware?

Malware is malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to
computer systems.

62. What is a database management system (DBMS)?

A DBMS is software that enables users to store, retrieve, and manage data in a structured
format.
63. What is SQL injection?
SQL injection is a cyberattack that exploits vulnerabilities in database queries to gain
unauthorized access.

64. What is an API?

An API (Application Programming Interface) allows different software applications to
communicate and exchange data.

65. What is RESTful API?

A RESTful API follows REST principles and allows interaction with web services using
standard HTTP methods.

66. What is JSON?

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data format used for exchanging
information between a client and a server.

67. What is XML used for?

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is used to store and transport data in a structured
format.

68. What is an operating system?

An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software
resources.

69. What is a virtual machine?

A virtual machine (VM) is a software-based emulation of a physical computer that runs an
operating system.

70. What is web scraping?

Web scraping is the process of extracting data from websites using automated tools or
scripts.
71. What is an HTTP cookie?
An HTTP cookie is a small piece of data stored on a user's browser to remember session
information.

72. What is session management?

Session management involves maintaining user state and data across multiple requests in a
web application.

73. What is OAuth?

OAuth is an authorization framework that allows third-party applications to access user
data securely without exposing credentials.

74. What is two-factor authentication (2FA)?

2FA is a security measure that requires two forms of authentication before granting access.

75. What is a microservice?

A microservice is a small, independent service that communicates with others to form a
larger application.

76. What is a content management system (CMS)?

A CMS is a software platform used to create, manage, and publish digital content, e.g.,
WordPress, Joomla.

77. What is serverless computing?

Serverless computing is a cloud computing model where cloud providers manage the
infrastructure, and developers focus on code execution.

78. What is DevOps?

DevOps is a software development approach that combines development and IT operations
to improve efficiency and deployment speed.
79. What is a progressive web app (PWA)?
A PWA is a web application that provides a native app-like experience using modern web
technologies.

80. What is responsive web design?

Responsive web design ensures that web pages adapt and function well on different screen
sizes and devices.

81. What is caching?

Caching is the process of storing frequently accessed data temporarily to improve website
performance.

82. What is a proxy server?

A proxy server acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to enhance security
and privacy.

83. What is a chatbot?

A chatbot is an AI-powered application that interacts with users via text or voice
communication.

84. What is IoT?

IoT (Internet of Things) refers to interconnected devices that communicate and exchange
data over the Internet.

85. What is edge computing?

Edge computing involves processing data closer to the source instead of relying on
centralized cloud servers.

86. What is blockchain?

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger technology that records transactions securely across
multiple nodes.
87. What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines, allowing them to perform tasks like
learning and problem-solving.

88. What is machine learning?

Machine learning is a subset of AI that enables systems to learn patterns from data and
make predictions.

89. What is deep learning?

Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses neural networks to analyze complex
data patterns.

90. What is an SSL certificate?

An SSL certificate encrypts data between a web server and a browser, ensuring secure
communication.

91. What is a web framework?

A web framework is a set of tools and libraries that simplify web development, e.g., Django,
Flask, Express.js.

92. What is NoSQL?

NoSQL is a type of database that stores data in flexible, non-tabular structures like
documents and key-value pairs.

93. What is a hybrid app?

A hybrid app combines elements of both native and web applications, often using
frameworks like Ionic or React Native.

94. What is load balancing?

Load balancing distributes network traffic across multiple servers to improve performance
and reliability.
95. What is a CDN used for?
A CDN speeds up content delivery by caching web pages across multiple servers worldwide.

96. What is a container in computing?

A container is a lightweight, portable software package that includes everything needed to
run an application.

97. What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open-source platform for managing and orchestrating containerized
applications.

98. What is a CI/CD pipeline?

A CI/CD pipeline automates software development, testing, and deployment processes.

99. What is an SDK?

An SDK (Software Development Kit) is a collection of tools and libraries for building
applications for specific platforms.