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Tutorial_6

The document contains a tutorial sheet with five problems related to frequency modulated radar and signal processing. Each problem involves calculations and theoretical analysis of FM signals, mixers, filters, and multipliers. Key concepts include beat cycles, envelope detection, frequency deviation, and modulation index.

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Bharat Agarwal
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4 views

Tutorial_6

The document contains a tutorial sheet with five problems related to frequency modulated radar and signal processing. Each problem involves calculations and theoretical analysis of FM signals, mixers, filters, and multipliers. Key concepts include beat cycles, envelope detection, frequency deviation, and modulation index.

Uploaded by

Bharat Agarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELL311: Tutorial Sheet 6

Problem 1:
Consider a frequency modulated radar where the instantaneous frequency of the transmitted signal is varied
as shown in the figure below. Also shown in the figure below is the instantaneous frequency of the received
echo signal.

The transmitted and received signals are applied to a mixer followed by a low pass filter that retains only the
difference frequency. If peak frequency deviation of the transmit signal is ∆𝑓 propagation delay is 𝜏
repetition frequency of transmit signal is 𝑓0 and assuming 𝑓0 𝜏 ≪ 1 determine the number of beat cycles in
the filter output averaged over one second.

Problem 2: whenever you have operations with band pass signals, convert it to baseband signals
Consider a signal 𝑔(𝑡) which is applied to one of the inputs of a mixer with the other input to the mixer being
𝑠(𝑡). The output of the mixer is input to a filter with impulse response ℎ(𝑡). If 𝑠(𝑡) and ℎ(𝑡) are linear FM
signals given by
𝑠(𝑡) = cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 − 𝜋𝑘𝑡 2 )
ℎ(𝑡) = cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 𝜋𝑘𝑡 2 )
where 𝑘 is a constant. Show that the envelope of the filter output is proportional to the magnitude spectrum
of 𝑔(𝑡).

Problem 3:
An FM signal is applied to a square law device with input (𝑣𝑖 ) – output (𝑣𝑜 ) characteristic given by 𝑣𝑜 = 𝑎𝑣𝑖2
where 𝑎 is a constant. Determine the centre frequency and frequency deviation of the output signal.

Problem 4:
An FM signal with a frequency deviation of 10 kHz and a modulating frequency of 5 kHz is applied to two
frequency multipliers in series. The first multiplier doubles the frequency and the second multiplier triples the
frequency. Determine the frequency deviation and modulation index of the FM signal at the output of the
second multiplier and determine the frequency separation of its adjacent side frequencies.

Problem 5:
𝑡
An FM signal 𝑠(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐 cos [2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 2𝜋𝑘𝑓 ∫0 𝑚(𝜏)𝑑𝜏] is applied to the system shown in the figure below.

Assume that the resistance value is small compared to the reactance of the capacitor for all significant
frequency components of 𝑠(𝑡) the envelope detector does not load the RC circuit and 𝑘𝑓 |𝑚(𝑡)| < 𝑓𝑐 for
all 𝑡. Determine the output of the envelope detector. Because of this condition, the modulation factor is
less than 1 and hence we can retrieve m(t)

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