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The document provides an introduction to exploration seismology, emphasizing the importance of seismic data in revealing subsurface structures and aiding in hydrocarbon exploration. It outlines the course content, which includes data acquisition, processing, and interpretation, with a focus on both marine and land methods. Additionally, it presents various scales of seismology applications and references for further reading.

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Rohit Singh
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8 views14 pages

Lec 0

The document provides an introduction to exploration seismology, emphasizing the importance of seismic data in revealing subsurface structures and aiding in hydrocarbon exploration. It outlines the course content, which includes data acquisition, processing, and interpretation, with a focus on both marine and land methods. Additionally, it presents various scales of seismology applications and references for further reading.

Uploaded by

Rohit Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Exploration Seismology: an introduction

Bharath Shekar
IIT Bombay
Exploration seismology: need

• Seismic data

• reveals subsurface structure

• rock properties (with help from wells)

• aids Stratigraphic interpretation

• Understand petroleum system, aiding in


exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons
Course outline

• Acquisition of seismic data: marine and land

• Processing of seismic data

• Interpretation of processed data


Acquisition: marine
Seismology: scales
Seismological
Scale Frequency
Application
Earthquake whole earth 1e-4 to 20 Hz
Exploration up to 10 km 5 to 100 Hz

Engineering up to 1 km 1 to 10 kHz

Lab cms MHz

These numbers are indicative!


Acquisition: marine

Source: shots
Acquisition: marine

Shot record
Acquisition: marine

offset: distance between


Source & receiver
Shot record
Acquisition: land
Seismic data processing

A set of signal processing operations on the input


seismic data aimed at rearranging it for further use in
interpretation.
Seismic data processing (broadly)

Reflections

* processing done by M.Sc students


AN EXAMPLE OF A 2-D SEISMIC IMAGE

1
Time (sec)

Source: ONGC
AN EXAMPLE OF 3-D DEPTH VOLUME

Source: ONGC
References*
• Philip Kearey, Michael Brooks, Ian Hill - An Introduction to Geophysical
Exploration

• Robert J. Lillie-Whole Earth Geophysics - An Introductory Textbook for Geologists


and Geophysicists

• Oz Yilmaz, “Seismic Data Analysis”

• Sheriff: “Exploration Seismology”

• Margrave: “Methods of Seismic Data Processing” (course notes)

• Steve Hill: “Illustrated Seismic Processing” (course notes)

• Chris Liner: “Elements of 3D Seismology”

• Gubbins: “Time series analysis and inverse theory for geophysicists”

• Steven Smith: “Digital Signal Processing .. ”

• Oppenheim & Schafer: “Discrete time signal processing”

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