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Arduino,IR,US, Colour Sensor

Arduino is an open-source platform for building electronics projects, consisting of a programmable circuit board and an IDE that simplifies coding. Various sensors like IR, color, and ultrasonic sensors are used with Arduino for applications in security, automation, and distance measurement. The document also compares different types of sensors, such as TCRT5000, TCS230, and TCS3200, highlighting their functionalities and uses.

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2 views

Arduino,IR,US, Colour Sensor

Arduino is an open-source platform for building electronics projects, consisting of a programmable circuit board and an IDE that simplifies coding. Various sensors like IR, color, and ultrasonic sensors are used with Arduino for applications in security, automation, and distance measurement. The document also compares different types of sensors, such as TCRT5000, TCS230, and TCS3200, highlighting their functionalities and uses.

Uploaded by

Arpit More
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arduino

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics


projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit
board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece
of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that
runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code
to the physical board. The Arduino IDE uses a simplified version
of C++, making it easier to learn to program.

Types of Arduino
1. Arduino Uno
2. Arduino Mega
3. Arduino Nano
IR Sensor
An infrared (IR) sensor a proximity sensor, or a ‘nearness’ sensor senses
whether there is an object near it or not. The IR stands for Infrared
sensor. Infrared is the light out of our visible spectrum.
Working of an IR Sensor
The white LED here is an IR LED which works as the transmitter and
the component next to the IR LED is a photodiode that works as the
receiver in the IR sensor.
The IR transmitter continuously emits the IR light and the IR receiver
keeps on checking for the reflected light. If the light gets reflected back
by hitting any object in front it, the IR receiver receives this light. This
way the object is detected in the case of the IR sensor.
An IR sensor has two small LED indicators – one for power, which is
ON the entire time the sensor is ON; the other is the Signal LED which
detects the object. The signal LED has two states or situations:

 ON (Active) when it detects an object


 OFF (Inactive) when it doesn’t detect any object

The blue knob here is a potentiometer. You can control the range i.e.
from how far you want to detect the object by changing the value of the
potentiometer.
Infrared (IR) sensors have many applications:-

Security: IR sensors can detect the heat of human bodies or animals to


monitor for intruders. They can also be used in night vision cameras to
track and shoot at night.

Automation: IR sensors can automatically turn on or off devices like


automatic doors and faucets based on whether someone is
approaching or leaving.

Medical equipment: IR sensors are used in thermometers and blood


glucose meters to measure body temperature and blood sugar levels.

Industrial production: IR sensors can detect, position, and count


materials on production lines.

Remote control: IR sensors can be used to control a device's functions,


such as volume, channels, and switches.

The TCRT5000 IR reflex Tracking sensor Module is an affordable and


commonly used IR sensor for Arduino. It's easy to install and has a
simple interface. It's often used in robot applications for obstacle
detection, and in cars for black and white line tracking. This module can
sense if a surface is white or black. The measuring distance range from
1mm to 8mm and the central point is about 2.5mm.
Colour Sensor
Colour sensors are employed to recognise/detect the colour of a material in RGB
(red, green, blue) scale, while rejecting the unwanted infrared or ultraviolet light.

A colour sensor detects RGB values by receiving ambient light using a photodiode.
It emits light from transmitter and then detects the light reflected from the
detection object with a receiver. For e.g. if object is red, the reflected light
component will be red and if the object is white all the three components will be
reflected.

Most commonly used colour sensor in Arduino is TCS230.

The TCS230 sensor has four arrays of 16 photodiodes, one array for each of the
primary colors plus an unfiltered array. This gives the sensing element a total of
64 sensing points. Each array is selected independently. The device outputs a
square wave whose frequency changes in correspondence to the intensity of
light.

Difference between TCS3200 & TCS230

The TCS3200 is a color sensor that can detect a wide range of colors, while the
TCS230 is a more sensitive sensor that can detect a narrower range of colors
with higher precision. Both sensors are typically used in applications such as
color detection, color identification and color sorting.

TCS3200

TCS230
Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic


pulses, that relay back information about an object’s proximity. It sends
sound waves at a frequency above the human hearing range. It is used
mostly to measure the distance to an object. HC- SRO4 ultrasonic
sensor provides a range of 2 cm to 400 cm.

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