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NT 11

The document discusses the concept of unit digits in mathematics, explaining how the unit digit of a product or sum is determined by the unit digits of the numbers involved. It highlights patterns in unit digits for various numbers and their powers, particularly focusing on odd and even multiplications. Additionally, it provides examples and exercises for finding unit digits in different mathematical expressions.

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Santosh Kumar
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11 views4 pages

NT 11

The document discusses the concept of unit digits in mathematics, explaining how the unit digit of a product or sum is determined by the unit digits of the numbers involved. It highlights patterns in unit digits for various numbers and their powers, particularly focusing on odd and even multiplications. Additionally, it provides examples and exercises for finding unit digits in different mathematical expressions.

Uploaded by

Santosh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics

SET - 11

CONCEPT OF UNIT DIGIT


Look at the following:
1×5=5
3 × 5 = 15
5 × 5 = 25
7 × 5 = 35
9 × 5 = 45
11 × 5 = 55
........................
........................
i.e., if the number whose last digit is 5, is multiplied by any odd number, the unit digit of the product will always be 5.
For example
13 ×15 = 195, 19 × 35 = 665 etc.
Now, 2 × 5 = 10
4 × 5 = 20
6 × 5 = 30
8 × 5 = 40
10 × 5 = 50
12 × 5 = 60
....................
......................
i.e., if the number whose last digit is 5, is multiplied by any even number (including zero), the unit digit of the product
is always zero. For example
82 × 15 = 1230, 156 × 45 = 7020
62 × 13 × 65 = 52390 etc.

1
Mathematics

Now we will discuss that the unit digit of the resultant value depends upon the unit digits of all the participating
numbers i.e.,
12 + 17 + 13 + 47 = 89
Thus it is clear that the unit digit of the resultant value 89 depends upon the unit digits 2, 7, 3, 7
Similarly, 6 × 7 × 9 = 378
3 × 7 × 8 = 168
So we can find out the unit digit of the resultant value only by solving the unit digits of the given expression.
1. Find the unit digit of 123 + 345 + 780 + 65 + 44
2. Find the unit digit of 676 × 543 × 19
3. Find the unit digit of 135 × 361 × 970.
4. Find the unit digit of the product of all the odd prime numbers.

Now look at the following


1×1=1
1 ×1 ×1 = 1
1 × 1 ×1 ×1 = 1
1 × 1 × 1 × 1 ×1 ×1 = 1 etc
21 = 2
22 = 2 × 2 = 4
23 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
25 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
26 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64
27 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 128
28 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 256
29 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 512
210 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 1024
211 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 2048
212 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 4096
Similarly 31 = 3
32 = 9
33 = 27
34 = 81
35 = 243

2
Mathematics

36 = 729
37 = 2187
38 = 6561
39 = 19683 etc.
Similarly, 41 = 4
42 = 16
43 = 64
44 = 256
45 = 1024
46 = 4096
Thus we can say that the unit digit follows a periodic pattern that is after a particular period it repeats in a
cyclic form.
The unit digit of 21, 25, 29, 213....... is the same which is 2.
Similarly 22, 26, 210, 214,...... etc. has the same unit digit which is 4,
Again the last digit of 31 is 3.
and the last digit of 32 is 9.
and the last digit of 33 is 7
and the last digit of 34 is 1.
and the last digit of 35 is 3.
and the last digit of 36 is 9.
and the last digit of 37 is 7.
and the last digit of 38 is 1.
Thus the last digit must follow a pattern. It can be seen that the last digit of 2 repeats after every four steps and
the last digit of 4 repeats after every 2 steps.

Note: 1. The last digit (or unit digits) of 0, 1, 5 and 6 is always the same irrespective of their
powers raised on them.

2. The last digit 4 and 9 follows the pattern of odd-even i.e., their period is 2.
3. The last digit of 2, 3, 7, 8 repeats after every 4 steps i.e., their cyclic period is 4.

5. Find the last digit of 235

Alternatively: You can see that the powers which are divisible by 4. (i.e., cyclic period) give the same unit
digit as 24. As 28, 212, 216......... etc.
Again the powers which leave the remainder 1 when divided by 4 (which is the cyclic period) give the same
unit digit as 21. As 25, 29, 213, ..... etc.

3
Mathematics

Similarly the powers which leave the remainder 2 when divided by 4, give the same unit digit as 22. As 26, 210,
214, 218,.... etc.
Similarly the powers which leave the remainder 3 when divided by 4 give the same unit digit as 23. As 27, 211,
215, .... etc
Since when 35 is divided by 4, the remainder is 3. Hence, the unit digit of 235 is equal to the unit digit of 23,
which is equal to 8.
6. Find the unit digit of (12)78
7. Find the unit digit of (33)123
8. Find the unit digit of 347 + 752
9. Find the unit digit of 36 × 47 × 63 × 74 × 82 × 95
10. Find the unit digit of 111! (factorial 111)
11. Find the unit digit of the product of all the prime number between 1 and (11)11
12. Find the unit digit of the product of all the elements of the set which consists all the prime numbers
greater than 2 but less than 222.
13. Find the last digit of 222888 + 888222
32
14. Find the last digit of 3232

15. Find the last digit of the expression: 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ....... + 1002


16. Find the unit digit of 11 + 22 + 33 + ....... 1010

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