1.

BASICS
OBJECTIVE :- DISPLAYING AN IMAGE
INPUT CODE:-
clear all;
close all;
clc;
I=imread('cameraman.tif');
imshow(I)
[m n]=size(I);

OUTPUT :-

2. LAB 1
OBJECTIVE :- Brightness Increase and Decrease, Image Negative, Contrast adjustment
and Hard Thresholding of an image.
INPUT CODE :-
%lab 1 basic operations
clc
close all
clear all
I=imread('lena.tif');
imshow(I), title('Original Image');
I1=rgb2gray(I);
figure,imshow(I1);

%Brigthness increase
I2=I1+50;
figure,imshow(I2)

%Brightness Supression

I3=I1-50;
figure, imshow(I3)

%image negative

I4=255-I1;
figure, imshow(I4);

subplot(221), imshow(I1);
subplot(222), imshow(I2);
subplot(223), imshow(I3);
subplot(224), imshow(I4);

%contrast adjustment(increase)

I5=I1*1.5;
figure, imshow(I5);

%contrast adjustment(decrease)

I6=I1*0.5;
figure, imshow(I6);

subplot(231), imshow(I1), title('Gray scale');

subplot(232), imshow(I2), title('Brightness increase');
subplot(233), imshow(I3), title('Brightness decrease');
subplot(234), imshow(I4), title('Image Negative');
subplot(235), imshow(I5), title('Contrast Increase');
subplot(236), imshow(I6), title('Contrast Decrease');

%hard threshold t=120

[m,n]=size(I1)
for i=1:m
for j=1:n
if I1(i,j)<120
I7(i,j)=0;
else
I7(i,j)=255;
end
end
end
figure, imshow(I7), title('Hard Thresholding');
OUTPUT :-

3. LAB 2
OBJECTIVE:- Gray Level Slicing without Background
INPUT CODE:-
clc
close all
clear all
%gray-level slicing without background
I3=imread('football_qcif_0000.bmp');
I4=rgb2gray(I3);
I5=double(I4);
L=double(255);
a=double(round(L/2));
b=double(round(1.5*L/2));
[m1,n1]=size(I4);

for i=1:m1
for j=1:n1
if I5(i,j)>=a & I5(i,j)<=b
I6(i,j)=L;
else
I6(i,j)=0;
end
end
end
A5=imshow(I6);

a1=double(round(L/2.5));
b1=double(round(1.8*L/2));
[m1,n1]=size(I4);

for i=1:m1
for j=1:n1
if I5(i,j)>=a1 & I5(i,j)<=b1
I7(i,j)=L;
else
I7(i,j)=0;
end
end
end
A4=imshow(I7);
A3=imshow(I5);
A2=imshow(I4);

a=double(round(L/2));
b=double(round(1.5*L/2));
[m1,n1]=size(I4);

for i=1:m1
for j=1:n1
if I5(i,j)>=a & I5(i,j)<=b
I8(i,j)=L;
else
I8(i,j)=0;
end
end
end
subplot(231), imshow(I3),title('Original');
subplot(232), imshow(I4),title('Gray Scale');
subplot(233), imshow(I6),title('I1');
subplot(234), imshow(I7),title('I2');
subplot(235), imshow(I8),title('I3');

OUTPUT:-

4. LAB 3 :-
OBJECTIVE:- Gray level slicing, Logarithmic and Inverse logarithmic transformations
and Gamma Corrections

INPUT CODE:-
clc;
close all;
clear all;

I4=imread('flowers.jpg');
I4=rgb2gray(I4);
I5=double(I4);
L=double(255);
a=double(round(L/2));
% a1=double(round(L/3));
a1=180;
b=double(round(1.5*L/2));
% b1=double(round(2.5*L/2));
b1=200;
[m1,n1]=size(I4);
for i=1:m1
for j=1:n1
if I5(i,j)>=a & I5(i,j)<=b
I6(i,j)=L;
else
I6(i,j)=0;
end
end
end

for i=1:m1
for j=1:n1
if I5(i,j)>=a1 & I5(i,j)<=b1
I7(i,j)=L;
else
I7(i,j)=0;
end
end
end

for i=1:m1
for j=1:n1
if I5(i,j)>=a1 & I5(i,j)<=b1
I8(i,j)=L;
else
I8(i,j)=I5(i,j);
end
end
end

figure, subplot(221),imshow(I4), title('I4');

subplot(222),imshow(uint8(I6),[]), title('I6');
subplot(223),imshow(uint8(I7),[]), title('I7');
subplot(224),imshow(uint8(I8),[]), title('I8');

%logarithmic transformation

c=(L-1)/log(L);
I9=log(1+I5).*c;
figure, subplot(211),imshow(uint8(I9),[]), title('Logarithmic
Transformation')

%Inverse Logarithic transformation

I10=(exp(I9) .^(1/c))-1;
subplot(212),imshow(uint8(I10),[]), title('Inverse logarithmic
transform')

%Gamma Correction
gamma1=1.1;
gamma2=0.7;
I11=(I5).^gamma1;
I12=(I5).^gamma2;

figure, subplot(121),imshow(uint8(I11),[]), title('Gamma

Correction[1.1]');
subplot(122),imshow(uint8(I12),[]), title('Gamma
Correction[0.7]');

OUTPUT:-
5. LAB 4
OBJECTIVE:- Salt and Pepper noise adding, Using filter.
INPUT CODE:-
clc
clear all
close all
I=imread('cameraman.tif');
subplot(221), imshow(I), title('Original Image');
%add noise
I2= imnoise(I,'salt & pepper',0.2);
subplot(222), imshow(uint8(I2),[]), title('Salt and Pepper
Noise');
[n m]=size(I2);
b=[zeros(1,m);I2;zeros(1,m)];
c=b';
c=[zeros(1,m+2);c;zeros(1,m+2)];
b=c';
d=zeros(size(b));
for i=1:n
for j=1:m
P=b(i:i+2,j:j+2);
P1=P(:);
Q=zeros(9,1);
Q=sort(P1);
med=Q(5);
d(i+1,j+1)=med;
end
end
I_filt1=d(2:end-1,2:end-1);
%plot the filtered image
subplot(223), imshow(uint8(I_filt1),[]), title('Filter 1');

%using inbuilt function

I_filt2=medfilt2(I2,[3 3]);
subplot(224), imshow(uint8(I_filt2),[]), title('Filter 2');
OUTPUT :-

6. LAB 5 :-
OBJECTIVE :-
INPUT CODE:-
% expt 1:-edge detection
clc
clear all
close all
I=imread('lena.tif');
I=rgb2gray(I);
edge11=zeros(size(I));
%figure, imshow(uint8(I2),[]);
[n m]=size(I);

b=zeros(m+2,n+2);
b(2:end-1,2:end-1)=I;
dx=zeros(size(b));
dy=zeros(size(b));
lx=zeros(size(b));
sobx=[-1 -2 -1;0 0 0;1 2 1];
soby=[-1 0 1;-2 0 2;-1 0 1];
lap=[-1 -1 -1;-1 8 -1;-1 -1 -1];
lap1=[0 1 0;1 -4 1;0 1 0];
Th=80;
for i=1:n
for j=1:m
P=b(i:i+2,j:j+2);
P=double(P);
for k=1:3
for l=1:3
P1x=P.*sobx;
end
end
s=sum(P1x(:));
dx(i+1,j+1)=s;
end
end
dx=dx(2:end-1,2:end-1);
for i=1:n
for j=1:m
Q=b(i:i+2,j:j+2);
Q=double(Q)
for k=1:3
for l=1:3
Q1y=Q.*soby;
end
end
s=sum(Q1y(:));
dy(i+1,j+1)=s;
end
end
dy=dy(2:end-1,2:end-1);
delI=abs(dx)+abs(dy);
delI=abs(delI);
for i=1:n
for j=1:m
if delI(i,j)>=Th
edge11(i,j)=1;
else
edge(i,j)=0;
end
end
end
figure,imshow(uint8(edge11),[]), title('Edge Detected image');
OUTPUT:-

7. LAB 6 :-
OBJECTIVE:-
INPUT CODE:-
clc
clear all
close all
I=imread('lena.tif');
I=rgb2gray(I);
X=fft2(I);
subplot(221),imshow(X), title('Fourier Transform')
Y=ifft2(X);
subplot(222),imshow(Y,[]), title('Inverse fourier
transform');
X1=X;
X1(400:512,400:512)=0;
Y1=ifft2(X1);
subplot(223), imshow(Y1,[]), title('filtered fourier
transform');
I1=I;
I1(400:512,400:512)=0;
subplot(224), imshow(I1,[]), title('filtered image');
dctmtx(8)

OUTPUT:-