Introduction to Cloud

Computing
Introduction
• Electricity Virtualization (Not concerned about
electricity generation and distribution for using
electrical gadgets).

• Using computing as an Utility (Pay as you go)

• Offered by commercial providers, such as Amazon,

Google, and Microsoft

• The main principle behind this cloud computing model

is offering computing, storage, and software “as a
service.”
Definition of Cloud Computing
• Clouds are a large pool of easily usable and
accessible virtualized resources (such as hardware,
development platforms and/or services).

• “Cloud is a parallel and distributed computing

system consisting of a collection of inter-connected
and virtualized computers that are dynamically
provisioned and presented as one or more unified
computing resources based on service-level
agreements (SLA) established through negotiation
between the service provider and consumers.”
NIST definition
• A pay-per-use model for enabling available,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.
networks, servers, storage, applications, services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.”

• Data center hardware and software that provide

services.
General Definition

Cloud computing refers to applications and services that

run on a distributed network using virtualized resources and
accessed by common Internet protocols and networking
standards.
Cloud Computing Model
Benefits of Cloud Computing
• Cost

• Speed

• Global Scale

• Productivity

• Performance

• Reliability

• Security
Cloud Computing Services
• The best-known service models are Software as a
Service, Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as
a Service—the SPI model.

• Cloud Principles
1. Abstraction
2. Virtualization
Cloud types
• Deployment Models
• Refers to location and Management of Cloud’s
Infrastructure

• Service Models
• Types of services that you access on cloud platform
NIST Service Model
Service Models
• SaaS
• It is a software in which the applications are hosted by a cloud service
provider. Users can access these applications with the help of internet
connection and web browser.
• Example: Google Drive

• PaaS
• PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop,
test, run, and manage the applications.
• Example: Google AppEngine for hosting websites

• IaaS
• Use of Computing resources are available as service
• It helps users to avoid the cost and complexity of purchasing and managing
the physical servers.
• Example: Amazon Web Service providing EC2 servers
Deployment Model
• Public Cloud
• The public cloud infrastructure is available for public use
• Private Cloud
• The private cloud infrastructure is operated for the exclusive
use of an organization
• Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid cloud solutions are a blend of public and private clouds.
• Community Cloud
• A community cloud is one where the cloud has been organized
to serve a common function or purpose.
Desired Features of Cloud
• Self Service
• Consumers of cloud computing services expect on-demand, nearly
instant access to resources.
• To support this expectation, clouds must allow self-service access so
that customers can request, customize pay, and use services without
intervention of human operators
• Per usage metered and Billed
• Services must be priced on a short term basis (e.g., by the hour),
allowing users to release (and not pay for) resources as soon as they
are not needed.
• For these reasons, clouds must implement features to allow efficient
trading of service such as pricing, accounting, and billing
• Metering should be done accordingly for different types of service
(e.g., storage, processing, and bandwidth) and usage promptly
reported, thus providing greater transparency
Contd..
• Elasticity
• Cloud computing gives the illusion of infinite computing
resources available on demand. Therefore users expect clouds
to rapidly provide resources in any quantity at any time.
• In particular, it is expected that the additional resources can be
provisioned, possibly automatically, when an application load
increases and released when load decreases.
• Customizable
• Needs of users are different from general needs
• Thus, resources rented from the cloud must be highly
customizable
Cloud Infrastructure Management
• A major challenge in cloud computing is managing
physical and virtual resources, namely servers,
storage, and networks.

• The deployment of resources must be performed in a

way to rapidly and dynamically provision resources
to applications.

• The software toolkit responsible for this

arrangement and deployment is called a virtual
infrastructure manager (VIM)
Virtual Infrastructure Manager
• VIM resembles to operating system but not limited
to single computer.

• It aggregates the resources of multiple computers

• VIM can also be referred to as cloud operating

system.
Categories in Cloud Infrastructure
• First Category
– Cloud toolkits includes remote and secure interface for
creating, controlling and monitoring virtualize resources,
but do not specialize in VI management.

• Second Category
– The virtual infrastructure managers—provide advanced
features such as automatic load balancing and server
consolidation, but do not expose remote cloud-like
interfaces.
Features in cloud infrastructure mgmt
• Virtualization support

• Self Service, On demand resource provisioning

• Multiple Backend Hypervisors

• Storage Virtualization

• Interface to public cloud

• Dynamic Resource Allocation

Challenges in Cloud Computing
• Security and Privacy
• The data and the accessed should be secured
• Interoperability
• The application on one platform should be able to incorporate services from the
other platform
• Portability
• The applications running on one cloud platform can be moved to new cloud
platform and it should operate correctly without making any changes in design,
coding.
• Service Quality
• The Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) of the providers are not enough to
guarantee the availability and scalability
• Computing Performance
• High network bandwidth is needed for data intensive applications on cloud, this
results in high cost.
• Reliability and Availability
• Most of the businesses are dependent on services provided by third-party, hence
it is mandatory for the cloud systems to be reliable and robust.
Virtualization
• Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than
actual) version of something, such as a server, a
desktop, a storage device, an operating system or
network resources.

• In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which

allows to share a single physical instance of a resource
or an application among multiple customers and
organizations.

• It does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage

and providing a pointer to that physical resource when
demanded.
Types of Virtualization
• Hardware Virtualization.

• Operating system Virtualization.

• Server Virtualization.

• Storage Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization
• Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating
system and hardware is known as Hardware
Virtualization..

• The main job of hypervisor is to control and

monitoring the processor, memory and other
hardware resources.
Operating System Virtualization
• When the virtual machine software or virtual
machine manager (VMM) is installed on the Host
operating system instead of directly on the hardware
system is known as operating system virtualization.

• Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for

testing the applications on different platforms of OS.
Server Virtualization
• When the virtual machine software or virtual
machine manager (VMM) is directly installed on the
Server system is known as server virtualization.

• Server virtualization is done because a single

physical server can be divided into multiple servers
on the demand basis and for balancing the load
Storage Virtualization
• Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the
physical storage from multiple network storage
devices so that it looks like a single storage device.

• Storage virtualization is also implemented by using

software applications.
Cloud Computing Architecture
• Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-
oriented architecture and event-driven architecture.
• Front End
• The front end is used by the client.
• It contains client-side interfaces and applications that are required to access
the cloud computing platforms.
• Back End
• The back end is used by the service provider.
• It manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud computing
services.
• It includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual
machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.
• Both front end and back end are connected to others through a
network, generally using the internet connection
Contd..
IaaS
• It allows customers to outsource their IT infrastructures such
as servers, networking, processing, storage, virtual machines,
and other resources.
• Customers access these resources on the Internet using a pay-
as-per use model.
• IaaS provider provides the following services -
– Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central
processing units and virtual main memory that are provisioned to
the end- users.
– Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files.
– Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking
components such as routers, switches, and bridges.
– Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the
infrastructure layer
IaaS Providers
IaaS Vendor Iaas Solution Details
Amazon Web Services Elastic, Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) The cloud computing platform pioneer, Amazon offers
MapReduce, Route 53, Virtual Private auto scaling, cloud monitoring, and load balancing
Cloud, etc. features as part of its portfolio.

Netmagic Solutions Netmagic IaaS Cloud Netmagic runs from data centers in Mumbai, Chennai,
and Bangalore, and a virtual data center in the United
States. Plans are underway to extend services to West
Asia.

Rackspace Cloud servers, cloud files, cloud sites, The cloud computing platform vendor focuses primarily
etc. on enterprise-level hosting services.
Reliance Communications Reliance Internet Data Center RIDC supports both traditional hosting and cloud
services, with data centers in Mumbai, Bangalore,
Hyderabad, and Chennai. The cloud services offered by
RIDC include IaaS and SaaS.

Sify Technologies Sify IaaS Sify's cloud computing platform is powered by HP's
converged infrastructure. The vendor offers all three
types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

Tata Communications InstaCompute InstaCompute is Tata Communications' IaaS offering.

InstaCompute data centers are located in Hyderabad and
Singapore, with operations in both countries.
PaaS
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime
environment. It allows programmers to easily create,
test, run, and deploy web applications.
• You can purchase these applications from a cloud
service provider on a pay-as-per use basis and
access them using the Internet connection.

• In PaaS, back end scalability is managed by the

cloud service provider, so end- users do not need to
worry about managing the infrastructure.
Services provided by PaaS
• Programming languages
• PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers
to develop the applications. Some popular programming languages provided
by PaaS providers are Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go.
• Application frameworks
• PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the
application development. Some popular application frameworks provided by
PaaS providers are Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play, Rack,
and Zend.
• Databases
• PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL,
MongoDB, and Redis to communicate with the applications.
• Other tools
• PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test,
and deploy the applications.
PaaS Service Providers
Providers Services

Google App Engine (GAE) App Identity, URL Fetch, Cloud

storage client library, Logservice

Salesforce.com Faster implementation, Rapid

scalability, CRM Services, Sales
cloud, Mobile connectivity, Chatter.

Windows Azure Compute, security, IoT, Data

Storage.

AppFog Justcloud.com, SkyDrive,

GoogleDocs

Openshift RedHat, Microsoft Azure.

Cloud Foundry from VMware Data, Messaging, and other
services.
SaaS
• It is a software distribution model in which services
are hosted by a cloud service provider.

• These services are available to end-users over the

internet so, the end-users do not need to install any
software on their devices to access these services.
Services offered by SaaS
• Business Services
• SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up the
business. The SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise
Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship
Management), billing, and sales.
• Document Management
• SaaS document management is a software application offered by a
third party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and track electronic
documents.
• Social Networks
• As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general
public, so social networking service providers use SaaS for their
convenience and handle the general public's information.
• Mail Services
• To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail
services, many e-mail providers offering their services using SaaS.
SaaS Providers
Provider Services

Salseforce.com On-demand CRM solutions

Microsoft Office 365 Online office suite
Google Apps Gmail, Google Calendar, Docs, and sites

NetSuite ERP, accounting, order management, CRM,

Professionals Services Automation (PSA),
and e-commerce applications.

GoToMeeting Online meeting and video-conferencing

software
Constant Contact E-mail marketing, online survey, and event
marketing
Oracle CRM CRM applications
Workday, Inc Human capital management, payroll, and
financial management.