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Lect 4 Programming Logic Using ‘C’ Compilation Process of C Program

The document outlines the compilation process of a C program, detailing the four major steps: preprocessing, compiling, assembly, and linking. It explains the role of the preprocessor, compiler, assembler, and linker in converting source code into machine code. Additionally, it includes a simple example of compiling a 'Hello, world!' program using the GCC compiler.

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2 views

Lect 4 Programming Logic Using ‘C’ Compilation Process of C Program

The document outlines the compilation process of a C program, detailing the four major steps: preprocessing, compiling, assembly, and linking. It explains the role of the preprocessor, compiler, assembler, and linker in converting source code into machine code. Additionally, it includes a simple example of compiling a 'Hello, world!' program using the GCC compiler.

Uploaded by

nayecool37
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Logic Using ‘C’

BCAC0001
Lect-4 Compilation Process of C program
Presented by:
Atul Kumar Uttam
Assistant Professor
Computer Engineering & Applications Department,
GLA University, Mathura
atul.uttam@gla.ac.in, +91-8979593001
Compilation process in c
• Compilation
– process of converting source code in to machine code (binary 1’s and
0’s)
• CPU can understand and execute only machine code.

• C source files are by convention named with .c extension and


we use the command “gcc” to compile C source files.

• (GCC stands for GNU Compiler Collection and it is a compiler


system produced by the GNU Project.)

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compilation process in c
• Four major steps of Compilation:
– preprocessing
– compiling
– assembly
– linking

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compilation process in c

https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/cpp/gcc_make.html
BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C
Atul Kr Uttam
1. Preprocessing
• The preprocessor obeys commands that begin with # (known
as directives) by:
– removing comments
– expanding macros
– expanding included files
• #include <stdio.h>
– it will look for the stdio.h file and copy the header file into the source
code file.
• The preprocessor also generates macro code and replaces
symbolic constants defined using #define with their values.

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
2. Compiling
• It takes the output of the preprocessor

• Generates the syntax error, if any

• Translate preprocessed code into assembly code

• An intermediate human readable language,

• Specific to the target processor.

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
3. Assembly
• The assembler will convert the assembly code into
machine code (zeros and ones).

• This code is also known as object code.

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
4. Linking
• The linker merges all the object code from multiple
modules into a single one.

• If we are using a function from libraries,(like printf ,


scanf)
– linker will link our code with that library function code.

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
5. Loader
• Loader is the program of the operating system which loads
the executable from the disk into the primary memory(RAM)
for execution.

• It allocates the memory space to the executable module in


main memory and then transfers control to the beginning
instruction of the program

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

/*Below is the Hello-world C program hello.c:*/


#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello, world!");
return 0;
}

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

$ gcc hello.c
$ ./a.out
Hello, world!

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam
Compile/Link a Simple C Program - hello.c

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C


Atul Kr Uttam

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