Programming Logic Using ‘C’

BCAC0001
Lect-7 Data Types
Presented by:
Atul Kumar Uttam
Assistant Professor
Computer Engineering & Applications Department,
GLA University, Mathura
[email protected], +91-8979593001
 Data Types

String

Name: George
Age: 5 Integer
Weight: 15.2 Number

Floating Point
Number

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C

Atul Kr Uttam
 Data Types
James, Rita, Alice
String
007, 123, 101
Name: George
Age: 5 Integer
Weight: 15.2 Number
7, 5, 30
VII, five, 3Not
Floating Point
Number 0.012, 15.2, 3.0

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C

Atul Kr Uttam
 Data Types

• Data type specifies the

– Range of values and
– Type of values
that may be stored in a variable of that type.

BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C

Atul Kr Uttam
 Data Types
Data Types

Primary / Primitive Secondary / Derived

int Array

char Pointer

float Structure

double enumeration

void Union
BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C
Atul Kr Uttam
 The actual size of the types may vary from one system to another.
Table shows the usual ranges on a 32-bit system
Data Type Usual Size Range of Values Precision
(bytes) (min–max) Digits

char 1 -128….127
short int 2 -32768….32767
int 4 -2147483648…. 2147483647
long int 4 -2147483648…. 2147483647
float 4 6
double 8 15
long double 10, 12, 16
unsigned char 1 0….255
unsigned short int 2 0…65535
unsigned int 4 0…4294967295
BCAC0001 Programming Logic Using C
unsigned long int 4 0…4294967295
Atul Kr Uttam
 Format
Type Size (bytes)
Specifier
int at least 2, usually 4 %d, %i
char 1 %c
float 4 %f
double 8 %lf
 Format
Type Size (bytes)
Specifier
short int 2 usually %hd
unsigned int at least 2, usually 4 %u
long int at least 4, usually 8 %ld, %li
long long int at least 8 %lld, %lli
unsigned long int at least 4 %lu
unsigned long long
at least 8 %llu
int
signed char 1 %c
unsigned char 1 %c
long double at least 10, usually 12 or 16 %Lf
 int
• Whole numbers
• Example
0, 10, -15
• 4 Byte
• Min value
-2147483648
• Max Value
2147483647
 float and double
• Real numbers
• Example:
-2.0, 10.2, 0.02, 5.14e2
• float
– 4 Byte
– single precision (6 digit after decimal)
• double
– 8 Byte
– Double precision (Up to 15 digit after decimal)
 float and double
• If you don’t care about precision, use the float
type, because it usually reserves fewer bytes
and calculations with float numbers tend to be
executed faster.
 char
• character type variables
• Example:
‘a’, ‘5’, ‘@’
• 1 Byte
 void
• Generic data type
• Empty data type
• Represents No value
• Used in
– If a function does not return a value->return type
– If a function does not take any argument
– generic pointer
 Type Modifiers
• Prefixed with basic data types.
• Modifies the amount of memory space
reserved for variables
 Type Modifiers
• short
• long
• signed
• unsigned
 short
• Small integer values
• 2 Bytes
• Min Value
−32767
• Max Value
32767
 long
• For large integer values:
– long
– long long
• For large floating values:
– long double
 signed and unsigned
• Can change the data storage of a data type
• Example
unsigned int a;
– a can store only positive or zero values
signed int b
– b can store positive, negative and zero values
 Byte Range
• unsigned char 1 0…255
• unsigned short int 2 0…65535
• unsigned int 4 0…4294967295
• unsigned long int 4 0…4294967295
• The memory space that a data type reserves
may vary from one system to another.

• To compute the number of bytes a data type

reserves on a particular system,

– sizeof operator
 Cyclic Property of Data Types
• In C some data types when assigned a value
beyond range of that data type then,
– It will not any compiler error but assign a number
according to some cyclic order.
• Data type which shows cyclic nature:
(a) char
(b) int
(c) long int
• Data type which doesn’t show cyclic nature:
(a) float
(b) double
(c) long double
• For +ve Numbers
Data Type[min……….max]
Min+|Diff|-1
|Diff|= |Max-Given value|
• For –ve Numbers:
Max - |Diff| +1
|Diff| = |Min – Given Value|
 Cyclic nature of unsigned char
• Range of unsigned char is 0 to 255

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char a=257;
printf("%d",a);
}
Answer
1
 Cyclic nature of signed char
• Range of unsigned char is -128 to +127

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
signed char a = 130;
printf("%d",a);
}
Answer
-126
 Cyclic nature of signed int
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 2147483649;
printf("%d",a);
}
Answer
-2147483647