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Number System - 1

The document discusses various number systems including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational, and irrational numbers. It outlines tests of divisibility for numbers and explains the concept of unit digits and their cyclicity based on different digits when raised to powers. Additionally, it provides examples for finding unit digits using cyclicity for specific digits.

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11 views3 pages

Number System - 1

The document discusses various number systems including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational, and irrational numbers. It outlines tests of divisibility for numbers and explains the concept of unit digits and their cyclicity based on different digits when raised to powers. Additionally, it provides examples for finding unit digits using cyclicity for specific digits.

Uploaded by

kotikoteswararao23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Systems

Number System covers various types of numbers viz. natural numbers, whole numbers,
integers, rational and irrational numbers which constitutes the Real number system.

Tests Of Divisibility of Numbers:

 Divisible by 2: if its unit digit of any of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.

 Divisibility by 3: When the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

 Divisibility by 9: When the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.

 Divisibility by 4: if the sum of its last two digits is divisible by 4.

 Divisibility by 8: If the number formed by hundred’s ten’s and unit’s digit of the given
number is divisible by 8.

 Divisibility by 10: When its unit digit is Zero.

 Divisibility by 5: When its unit digit is Zero or five.

 Divisibility by 11: if the difference between the sum of its digits at odd places and the sum of
its digits at even places is either 0 or a number divisible by 11.

Power Cycles – Finding the unit digit:

To understand the concept of unit digit, we must know the concept of cyclicity . This concept is
mainly about the unit digit of a number and its repetitive pattern on being divided by a certain
number

The concept of unit digit can be learned by figuring out the unit digits of all the single digit numbers
from 0 - 9 when raised to certain powers.

These numbers can be broadly classified into three categories for this purpose:
Number Systems
1. Digits 0, 1, 5 & 6: When we observe the behavior of these digits, they all have the same unit's digit
as the number itself when raised to any power, i.e. 0^n = 0, 1^n =1, 5^n = 5, 6^n = 6. Let's apply this
concept to the following example.

Example: Find the unit digit of following numbers:

 185563
Answer= 5

 2716987
Answer= 1

 15625369
Answer= 6

 190654789321
Answer= 0

2. Digits 4 & 9: Both these numbers have a cyclicity of only two different digits as their unit's digit.

Let us take a look at how the powers of 4 operate: 41 = 4,


42 = 16,
43 = 64, and so on.
Hence, the power cycle of 4 contains only 2 numbers 4 & 6, which appear in case of odd and even
powers respectively.

Likewise, the powers of 9 operate as follows:


91 = 9,
92 = 81,
93 = 729, and so on.
Hence, the power cycle of 9 also contains only 2 numbers 9 & Number Cyclicity Power Cycle
1, which appear in case of odd and even powers respectively.
1 1 1
So, broadly these can be remembered in even and odd only,
i.e. 4odd = 4 and 4even = 6. Likewise, 9odd = 9 and 9even = 1.
2 4 2, 4, 8, 6
Example: Find the unit digit of following numbers:

 189562589743 3 4 3, 9, 7, 1
Answer = 9 (since power is odd)
4 2 4, 6
 279698745832
Answer = 1(since power is even)
5 1 5
 154 258741369

Answer = 4 (since power is odd) 6 1 6


 19465478932
Answer = 6 (since power is even) 7 4 7, 9, 3, 1

3. Digits 2, 3, 7 & 8: These numbers have a power cycle of 4 8 4 8, 4, 2, 6


different numbers.

21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8 & 24 = 16 and after that it starts repeating. 9 2 9, 1


So, the cyclicity of 2 has 4 different numbers 2, 4, 8, 6.
10 1 0
Number Systems

31 = 3, 32 = 9, 33 = 27 & 34 = 81 and after that it starts repeating.


So, the cyclicity of 3 has 4 different numbers 3, 9, 7, 1.

7 and 8 follow similar logic.

So these four digits i.e. 2, 3, 7 and 8 have a unit digit cyclicity of four steps.

Example 1: Find the Unit digit of 287562581

Solution

Step 1: We know that the cyclicity of 7 is 4.


Step 2: Divide the power 562581 by 4.
By doing that, we get a remainder=1.
Step 3: 1st power in the power cycle of 7 is 7.
Hence, the answer is 7.

Example 2: Find the Unit digit of 13445 * 54336

Solution: Cyclicity of 5 & 6 is 1. Since 5*6=30, the unit digit of given expression is 0.

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