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Basic Terms in CG

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to pixels, resolution, aspect ratio, frame buffers, anti-aliasing, and pixels per inch (PPI). It explains how pixels are the smallest elements of an image, how resolution affects image quality, and the importance of aspect ratio in defining image dimensions. Additionally, it discusses the function of frame buffers in graphics, the technique of anti-aliasing for smoother images, and how to calculate PPI for measuring pixel density.

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15 views2 pages

Basic Terms in CG

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to pixels, resolution, aspect ratio, frame buffers, anti-aliasing, and pixels per inch (PPI). It explains how pixels are the smallest elements of an image, how resolution affects image quality, and the importance of aspect ratio in defining image dimensions. Additionally, it discusses the function of frame buffers in graphics, the technique of anti-aliasing for smoother images, and how to calculate PPI for measuring pixel density.

Uploaded by

22891a05h0.swetha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.Pixel: The full form of the pixel is "Picture Element." It is also known as "PEL.

" Pixel is the


smallest element of an image on a computer display, whether they are LCD or CRT monitors. A
screen is made up of a matrix of thousands or millions of pixels. A pixel is represented with a dot or a
square on a computer screen.

2.Resolution: is the image quality produced by a printer or displayed on a monitor. With


monitors, the resolution is measured by the number of pixels horizontal by pixels vertically. Printers
also have a measure of resolution called DPI (Dots Per Inch).

RESOLUTION= WIDTH X HEIGHT

What happens with increased resolution?

When resolution increases, images become crisper due to a higher pixel density. In fact, text and
images may also become smaller because more pixels per square inch are displayed.

What happens when the resolution is decreased?

The opposite of what happens when you increase the resolution; text should appear bigger, images
are not as crisp, and performance requirements go down.

MONITOR SIZE RESOLUTION


19-inch 1680 x 1050
21-inch 1920 x 1080
23-inch 1920 x 1080 to 2560 x 1440
27-inch 2560 x 1440 to 3840 x 2160

3.Aspect ratio: WIDTH/HEIGHT


An aspect ratio is an attribute that describes the relationship between the width and height of an
image. Aspect ratio is expressed by the symbolic notation: X:Y. The values of X and Y are not the
actual width and height of the image, but describe the relationship between them.

4.Frame buffer: -
1. Frame buffer is a special area of memory in raster displays which is dedicated to graphics.

2. It holds the set of intensity values for all the screen points.

3. The stored intensity values are retrieved from frame buffer and displayed on the screen one
row (scanline) at the time.

4. Each screen point is referred to as a pixel or pel (shortened forms of picture element).

5. Each pixel on the screen can be specified by its row and column number. Thus, by specifying row
and column number we can specify the pixel position on the screen.
5.What is Anti-Aliasing?
Antti-aliasing is a computer graphics technique that smoothes jagged edges on curves and diagonal
lines. It helps to make digital images appear more realistic by eliminating the "staircase" effect that
often appears on curved or angled lines. By doing this, anti-aliasing helps to reduce the number of
pixels needed to render an image, which makes it faster and less resource intensive.

6.Pixels per inch(PPI)


Pixel per inch is used to measure the density of a pixel of an electronic device such as a computer
monitor or image digitizing device such as a camera.

Horizontal and vertical density is usually the same because most devices have square pixels or non-
square pixels depends on the device.

To calculate the PPI first, we have to calculate the number of pixels that fit on the diagonal:

Where,

w = Number of pixels on the horizontal line

h = Number of pixels on the vertical line.

Now, to calculate PPI as the ratio

Where,

di =diagonal screen size in inches.

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