ELEMENTARY

PRE-INTERMEDIATE 7 modals
Choose the best alternative. 28. A: _____.
B: I’m sorry, but I haven’t got my car.
1. _____ you speak Spanish?
A) Will you give me a lift? B) Shall I drive you to school?
A) May B) Are C) Can D) Is
C) Could you drive a bit faster? D) When shall we meet?
2. A: _____ I go? B: Yes, you can.
29. A: _____.
A) Could B) Am C) Need D) Did
B: Yes, please. Can I give you the money now?
3. _____ you help me with my homework? A) Will you lend me some money?
A) Are B) May C) Can D) Need B) Will you buy some fruit on the way back home
C) Shall we go to the opera tonight?
4. You _____ enter without a tie.
D) Shall I get you a ticket for the Madonna Concert?
A) aren’t B) can’t C) ought not D) weren’t
30. If you don’t feel better you _____ go to bed.
5. Cigarettes _____ seriously damage your health.
A) ought B) should C) don’t have to D) needn’t
A) are B) do C) can D) were
31. I’ll_____ go now.
6. _____ you post this letter for me?
A) should B) must C) have to D) ought to
A) Will B) Shall C) May D) Are
32. You _____ get the 8.45 train. It doesn’t stop at Yorkshire.
7. _____ I open the window?
A) had better B) mustn’t C) should D) don’t have to
A) Will B) Shall C) Am D) Do
33. You _____ go near that dog! It’s very dangerous.
8. We _____ leave now or we’ll be late.
A) may not B) don’t have to
A) has to B) must C) can D) will
C) mustn’t D) needn’t
9. If you had video, you _____ record it yourself tonight.
34. We _____ play football today because it is raining.
A) could B) can C) must D) may
A) couldn’t B) can’t C) aren’t D) didn’t
10. Please _____ make noise.
35. When I was a child I_____ drink a lot of milk.
A) didn’t B) don’t C) can’t D) may not
A) should B) may C) used to D) need
11. _____ open the windows. I’m cold.
36. A: I’ve got toothache. B: You’d _____ go to the dentist.
A) Don’t B) Can’t C) Mustn’t D) Needn’t
A) better B) should C) used to D) must
12. Shoes _____ be either black or brown.
37. Betty has a temperature. She _____ be ill.
A) don’t B) are C) may D) need
A) had better B) used to C) can not D) must
13. A: My car has been stolen.
38. Good morning sir, what _____ I do for you?
B: _____.
A) would B) can C) shall D) must
A) You should ring the police. B) Will you phone the police?
C) Could you ring the police? D) You are phoning the police. 39. We _____ to stop pollution.
A) must B) should C) had better D) ought
14. A: I bought this pen today and it doesn’t work.
B: _____. 40. _____ careful! You are making mistakes.
A) Could you fill it with ink? B) Shall I give you another one? A) Be B) Must C) Do D) Did
C) You should take it back. D) It cannot be expensive.
41. _____ you answer the phone?
15. He _____ read faster a few years ago. A) Were B) Will C) Are D) Shall
A) can B) could C) might D) must
42. A: I_____ play the guitar.
16. _____ you pass the salt, please? B: But you said yesterday you _____ play it.
A) Do B) Are C) Should D) Could A) can’t / could B) can / could
C) couldn’t / can D) could / could
17. _____ you remember which shoe you put on first this morning?
A) May B) Can C) Should D) Were 43. I missed the bus this morning so I _____ walk to school.
A) have to B) must C) had to D) ought
18. You _____ be hungry. You’ve just had dinner.
A) aren’t B) can’t C) may D) must 44. Vegetables _____ be washed carefully.
A) has to B) have to C) ought D) might
19. You _____ be hungry. You had no lunch.
A) can’t B) shouldn’t C) must D) couldn’t 45. He _____ drive a car when he was eighteen.
A) is able B) could C) can D) is used to
20. Sorry, this _____ be my bag. Mine is brown.
A) can’t B) must C) can D) could 46. You _____ watch TV when you are studying.
A) didn’t B) shouldn’t C) couldn’t D) aren’t
21. I _____ not have time to phone you this evening.
A) may B) must C) would D) didn’t 47. I_____ like to listen to guitar music.
A) will B) can C) would D) could
22. He probably _____ be back in time for dinner.
A) isn’t B) wasn’t C) won’t D) doesn’t 48. We _____ see him tomorrow.
A) might B) would C) had to D) ought
23. Take a sweater with you. It_____ get cold later.
A) won’t B) might C) would D) need 49. _____ you able to understand the lesson this morning?
A) Were B) Could C) Would D) Should
24. A: She can’t sing.
B: Neither_____. 50. I don’t think we _____ be able to get to the airport in time?
A) do I B) could I C) am I D) can I A) can B) are C) will D) could
25. It’s very cold. You _____ to put a sweater on. 51. I_____ see the President. There were too many people.
A) should B) ought C) has D) must A) weren’t able to B) don’t have to
C) couldn’t D) am not able
26. A: Will the director be back in the office today?
B: He said he _____ be, but he wasn’t sure. 52. _____ you mind if I used your dictionary?
A) can B) might C) may D) has to A) Do B) Will C) Shall D) Need
27. A: Is this a 24 bus coming? 53. _____ run if you feel tired.
B: It__ be. I can’t see the number yet. A) Mustn’t B) Don’t
A) might B) can’t C) may not D) must C) Don’t have to D) Shouldn’t

Book 1 Part B 80 Modals (Elementary / Pre-Intermediate)

54. A horse _____ go twice as fast as an elephant. 78. A: I’m putting on weight.
A) used to B) can C) is used to D) is able B: You _____ go on a diet
A) ought B) had to C) needed to D) should
55. A: I don’t like this medicine.
B: Don’t worry. I’m sure you’ll soon _____ it. 79. You _____ to write and thank him.
A) used to B) get used to C) is used to D) use to A) has B) must C) ought D) needed
56. A: Do you like Florida? 80. Jack is preparing for his exams. We _____.
B: Not really. I’m not _____ the heat. A) should go and visit him B) ought not to disturb him
A) used to B) be able to C) get used to D) got used to C) ought to phone him D) had better watch TV

57. A: Does your father smoke? 81. A: _____?

B: He _____ but not any more. B: I’m going to study in the library.
A) used to B) was able to C) got used to D) was used to A) What do you usually do at the weekend
B) What are you doing now
58. It is funny. I really enjoy jogging now but I_____. C) When are you going to study
A) used to B) was used to D) Are you coming with us to the cinema
C) didn’t used to D) got used to
82. A: I’ve got a cold.
59. A: Did your mother tell you stories when you were small? B: Then you’d _____ stay in bed.
B: Yes, she _____ tell me Nasrettin Hodja’s stories. A) need to B) better C) have to D) should
A) would B) used C) was used to D) is used to
83. A: I’ve got a headache.
60. A: I’m getting a bit fat. B: _____. B: You _____ take an aspirin.
A) You might eat a bit more. B) You shouldn’t eat so much. A) has to B) should C) would D) used to
C) You cannot be hungry. D) You used to eat a lot.
84. I _____ like jazz when I was a teenager.
61. A: We must go soon, mustn’t we? B: Yes, we_____ go. A) should B) could C) were D) used to
A) had better B) would C) had to D) will have to 85. A: _____?
62. I_____ get up than stay in bed. B: Yes, they do.
A) had better B) should C) would rather D) have to A) Do your friends write to you
B) Do you and your brother like tea
63. When I was a child I _____ bite my nails. C) Do we have to leave now
A) was used to B) used to C) got used to D) had better not D) Do they live in Vancouver or Edinburgh
64. Nobody _____ come yesterday. 86. A: Were they playing tennis?
A) wasn’t able to B) should C) could D) were able to B: No, they _____.
65. If I were you I_____ see a doctor. A) aren’t B) weren’t C) didn’t D) don’t
A) would B) had better C) would rather D) should
87. Mother is still in bed, and _____ my sister.
66. A: _____. A) so is B) neither is C) nor is D) too
B: No, thank you. I’ve had enough. 88. My brother was very hungry, I _____too.
A) Would you like a coffee? B) Do you like strawberries? A) am B) were C) do D) was
C) Could you set the table? D) Would you like some more?
89. We live in a small flat, and they do, _____.
67. This _____ be the right road. There is no other way. A) either B) neither C) too D) so
A) had better B) must C) have to D) would rather
90. A: Colin didn’t like the film.
68. You _____ get the 9.45 train. You could get the 9.55 and still arrive
B: _____.
in time.
A) So did I B) Neither did I
A) don’t have to B) mustn’t
C) So do I D) Nor do I
C) should D) had better
91. A: Nick isn’t good at maths.
69. Hurry up! It is a quarter past! We really_____ be late. B: _____.
A) don’t have to B) wouldn’t rather A) Nor is his sister B) So is his brother
C) mustn’t D) needn’t C) Neither does his father D) His elder brother is, too.
70. You _____ play an instrument to enjoy classical music. 92. A: I haven’t said anything.
A) don’t have to B) didn’t used to B: _____.
C) didn’t have to D) mustn’t A) Nor did I B) Neither did I
71. A: I thought there was a cinema here. C) Nor have I D) I didn’t, either
B: There _____ be. It’s now a supermarket.
93. A: My father plays chess very well.
A) should B) would C) used to D) had to
B: _____.
72. A: Isn’t there a toilet? A) So does my father B) Nor does my father
B: _____. C) Neither my father D) My father is, too
A) There must be one somewhere. 94. He said, “It may rain later in the day.” He said that it_____ rain later
B) There can be after the interval. in the day.
C) I’m afraid I need more details. A) would B) may C) might D) must
D) It isn’t in the program.
95. He _____ take his medicine three times a day. The doctor told him
73. You _____ hurry if you want to catch that bus. to.
A) would rather B) has got to C) had better D) had to A) has to B) need C) had better D) have to
74. Last year Janet_____ run 800 meters in 2 minutes 45; now she _____
96. I feel tired. I _____ go to bed.
do it in 2 minutes 20.
A) had to B) has to C) had better D) used to
A) was able to / is able B) couldn’t / could
C) could / can D) can’t / is able to 97. You _____ do your homework. If you don’t, you’ll fail the examination.
A) must B) had to C) had better D) might
75. I’ve got toothache. I _____ go to the dentist.
A) have got B) must C) couldn’t D) needed to 98. We haven’t got much time. We _____ hurry.
A) needn’t B) must C) don’t have to D) has to
76. I _____ to study for tomorrow’s exam.
A) don’t need B) may not C) couldn’t D) will not 99. We have got plenty of time. We _____ hurry.
A) needn’t B) didn’t use to C) mustn’t D) didn’t need to
77. A: Why didn’t you come to the concert last night?
B: Because I _____ visit a friend in hospital. 100. You _____ do it now. You can do it this afternoon.
A) had to B) might C) have to D) must A) mustn’t B) had better C) needn’t D) should

Book 1 Part B 81 Modals (Elementary / Pre-Intermediate)

 INTERMEDIATE
UPPER-INTERMEDIATE 8 modals
Choose the best alternative. 21. I _____ to the doctor. I’m feeling much better.
A) don’t have to go B) needn’t have gone
1. His illness got worse and worse. In the end he _____ go into hospital
C) should have gone D) mustn’t go
for an operation.
A) will have to B) must C) had to D) ought to have 22. This is an opportunity that comes once in a lifetime. We _____ let it
pass.
2. You _____ any more aspirins; you’ve had four already.
A) don’t have to B) shouldn’t have
A) mustn’t take B) needn’t have taken
C) needn’t have D) mustn’t
C) shouldn’t have taken D) had better not take
23. I _____ go to the cinema than study English.
3. I’ve searched everywhere for Bob but I _____ to find him.
A) would rather B) had better C) need to D) should
A) wasn’t able B) am not able
C) haven’t been able D) couldn’t 24. When I was a child my father _____ read me a story every night
before bed.
4. A: Mrs. Taylor was found dead with a wire around her neck.
A) was going to B) was used to
B: She _____ strangled.
C) would D) got used to
A) had to be B) ought to have been
C) should have D) must have been 25. A: Did you enjoy the concert?
B: It was OK, but I ___ to the theatre.
5. You _____ spanked her. She didn’t deserve it.
A) needn’t have gone B) must have gone
A) shouldn’t have B) needn’t have
C) had better go D) would rather have gone
C) mustn’t have D) couldn’t have
26. A: How much do you weigh?
6. A: I wonder who took my alarm clock.
B: _____.
B: It _____ Julia. She _____ supposed to get up early.
A) I needn’t have told you B) I’d rather not tell you
A) might be / is B) could be / is
C) I couldn’t have told you D) I’d better not be told
C) had to be / was D) must have been / was
27. When I was a child, I _____ a flashlight to bed with me so that I
7. In a hundred years’ time we _____ out of water to drink.
_____ read comic books without my parents’ knowing them.
A) must have run B) might have been/run
A) used to take / could B) was used to taking / could
C) should have run D) may have run
C) would take / can D) would have taken / was able to
8. If you’d explained your problem to me, I _____ to help you.
28. After looking at his notes again, he _____ to complete the exercise.
A) was able B) will have been able
A) could B) was able C) can D) has been able
C) would have been able D) could have
29. If we don’t book seats soon, we _____ to get into the concert.
9. Joe ran all the way. It wasn’t necessary. Joe _____ run all the way.
A) are able B) won’t be able
A) needn’t have B) need have
C) will be able D) can’t
C) didn’t need to D) doesn’t need to
30. If we went to live in the tropics. I _____ buy some thin clothes.
10. Tom was serious when he said he wanted to be an actor when he
A) will have to B) have to
grew up. We _____ at him. We hurt his feelings.
C) would have to D) have had to
A) shouldn’t have laughed B) needn’t have laughed
C) mustn’t have laughed D) shouldn’t have been laughed 31. If there is fuel shortage, solar energy _____.
A) has to develop B) will have to be developed
11. He _____ hungry. He isn’t eating his food.
C) will have to develop D) had to be developed
A) should be B) needn’t have been
C) might not have been D) must not be 32. When she got thinner she _____ take her dress in.
A) will have to B) should C) has to D) had to
12. All the lights in Terry’s room are turned off. He_____ sleeping.
A) must have been B) had to be 33. Mary _____ any chocolates but she did.
C) must be D) must not be A) shouldn’t eat B) ought not to have eaten
C) ought not to eat D) must not have eaten
13. Let’s go to the seminar. It _____ interesting.
A) used to be B) is supposed to be 34. Your umbrella is wet. It _____ raining.
C) must have been D) needs to be A) must be B) was C) can’t be D) might
14. Children _____ taught to respect their elders. 35. _____ the pains come again, don’t hesitate to phone me.
A) should be B) had better C) has to be D) must have A) Would B) Should C) Will D) Had
15. This application _____ last week. 36. _____ it been raining, I’d have needed my umbrella.
A) should be sent B) must have been A) Should B) Would C) Might D) Had
C) ought to have been sent D) should have sent
37. A: I took Janet to the cinema last night.
16. We can’t wait any longer! Something _____ immediately. B: You _____ me too. I was at home.
A) should have been done B) had to be done A) might take B) may have been taken
C) ought to do D) must be done C) might have taken D) must have taken
17. A: I overslept this morning. 38. I don’t think she _____. Call her again.
B: You _____ your alarm clock. A) can have heard B) might have heard
A) had better set B) had to set C) must hear D) can be heard
C) should have set D) ought to have been
39. Lucy is very late. She _____ her train.
18. Rice _____ have water in order to grow. A) may miss B) may have missed
A) must B) should C) had better D) ought to C) had to miss D) should have missed
19. I _____ to go now. I have a class in ten minutes. 40. I walked to school this morning, but I _____ a bus.
A) had better B) have got C) must D) should A) didn’t need to take B) had better take
C) might take D) could have taken
20. “Doctors are supposed to help sick people” means: _____.
A) They help sick people. 41. The flower is dead. Maybe I _____ it more water.
B) They should help sick people. A) might give B) needed to give
C) They must be helping sick people. C) should have given D) ought to have been given
D) They might have helped sick people.

Book 1 Part B 82 Modals (Intermediate / Upper-Intermediate)

42. These flowers _____ twice a week, but I always forget to water them. 62. If you want antibiotics, you _____ to ask the doctor for a prescription.
A) ought to water B) ought to have been watered A) must B) had better C) will have D) should
C) should be watered D) needn’t have been watered
63. “You weren’t supposed to do that.” means: _____.
43. Why don’t you buy a lottery ticket. You _____ a large prize. A) You should do that, but you don’t.
A) might win B) might have won B) You should have done it, but you didn’t.
C) could have won D) must have won C) You shouldn’t have done it.
D) You shouldn’t do that, but you do.
44. Why did you take such a risk? You _____ died!
A) could B) must be C) might have D) may be 64. The wound has healed now. You _____ that bandage any longer.
A) needn’t have worn B) didn’t need to wear
45. We _____ our towels because we knew the hotel would provide C) don’t have to wear D) didn’t have to wear
some.
A) didn’t need to pack B) needn’t pack 65. You _____ this to Kate, or she’ll get upset.
C) don’t have to pack D) needn’t have been packed A) needn’t tell B) shouldn’t have told
C) mustn’t have told D) mustn’t tell
46. It was very cold in the morning. You _____ your sweater.
A) could wear B) need to wear 66. A: His office is empty. He must have gone home.
C) should have worn D) might wear B: But his briefcase is here. He _____ home.
A) might not go B) can’t have gone
47. “I was supposed to call her at seven.” means: _____. C) ought not to go D) could have gone
A) I called her at seven B) I was called by her at seven
C) I could call her at seven. D) I should have called her at seven 67. He _____ with us if he doesn’t want to.
A) needs to come B) needn’t have come
48. You _____ for me; I could have found the way all right. C) didn’t need to come D) needn’t come
A) needn’t have waited B) could have waited
C) don’t have to wait D) didn’t need to wait 68. The package _____ to the wrong address.
A) must have been sent B) ought to be sent
49. Janet _____ some problem. She keeps crying. C) could have sent D) might have sent
A) must have had B) must have
C) needs to have D) may have had 69. Since you have been working for hours, you _____ tired.
A) could be B) can’t be
50. The lights have gone out. _____. C) must have been D) might have been
A) A fuse might blow B) A fuse could blow
C) A fuse must have blown D) A fuse will have blown 70. We _____ or we’ll be late,
A) had better hurry B) didn’t need to hurry
51. I _____ to the butcher’s on the way home, but I forgot. C) had to hurry D) needn’t have hurried
A) need to go B) ought to have gone
C) must have gone D) should go 71. The car broke down, and we _____ have it towed to a service station.
A) have to B) had to C) should D) ought to
52. She _____ about the time. Her friends were also late.
A) needn’t worry B) won’t need to worry 72. No one likes _____ work at the weekend.
C) doesn’t need to worry D) needn’t have worried A) has to B) had to C) will have to D) having to

53. The plane _____ already-it’s not due to go until 9.55. 73. It is very difficult choice to _____ make.
A) must not leave B) needn’t have left A) have to B) having to C) had to D) must
C) can’t leave D) can’t have left
74. You _____ to see a doctor. You’re perfectly healthy.
54. A: Is it Sunday? All the shops are closed. A) mustn’t B) don’t need C) may not D) shouldn’t
B: Well, if all the shops are closed, it _____ Sunday.
A) can’t be B) might have been 75. Alcohol _____ be bad for his health, but it is for me.
C) must be D) must have been A) must not B) didn’t need to
C) doesn’t have to D) may not
55. A: You bought the tickets, didn’t you?
B: No. I _____, but I didn’t have enough money. 76. Children under twelve _____ travel free of charge.
A) couldn’t B) ought to have been A) can B) is able to C) can not be D) must be
C) was supposed to D) must have
77. Father is mending the car. After that we _____ to go for a drive.
56. The boy _____ walk again soon after he had had an operation. A) can B) might C) may D) will be able
A) can B) is able to C) might D) was able to
78. It is very important to me, and I really_____ be late.
57. He was crying just a moment ago. He _____ singing already. A) might not B) ought not C) don’t have to D) mustn’t
A) is not able to B) must be
79. We _____ write an essay on the book after we’d read it.
C) must not D) can’t be
A) had to B) have to C) will have to D) must
58. George is reading a Spanish newspaper. He _____ Spanish.
80. The sky _____ seen because of the pollution.
A) is to know B) must know
A) can not B) can’t be C) might be D) must be
C) had to know D) need to know
81. I_____ sorry if she had left.
59. No wonder you always look pale. You _____ get more fresh air.
A) will be B) would’ve been
A) will need B) ought to C) had to D) must have
C) would be D) had been
60. To keep fit and stay healthy, you _____ enough of the right kinds of
82. Robert is a millionaire’s son. He _____ never_____ worry about
exercise.
anything in life.
A) have to take B) used to take
A) is / has to B) had / had to
C) might have taken D) ought to have taken
C) has / had to D) doesn’t / have to
61. Transport systems _____ likely to change in the future. One probable
83. You’d better not try to bribe him. He _____ you to the police.
difference is that there _____ more electric vehicles.
A) could report B) might have reported
A) is / will be B) will / are
C) needs to report D) could have reported
C) are / will be D) will / would be

Book 1 Part B 83 Modals (Intermediate / Upper-Intermediate)

84. I wish you’d told me they were on the phone. I _____ all the way to 102. “It isn’t necessary for us to leave soon.” means: _____.
their house. A) We needn’t have left soon.
A) didn’t have to go B) didn’t need to go B) We didn’t need to leave soon.
C) needn’t go D) needn’t have gone C) We don’t need to leave soon
D) We have to leave soon
85. If only you’d mentioned that your friend played tennis. We _____ a
game of doubles. 103. A: I went out last night, and my cold got worse.
A) can have B) could have had B: You _____ at home.
C) might have D) could have A) must stay B) had better stay
C) ought to stay D) should have stayed
86. If my car _____ stuck in a traffic jam, I’d be very angry, but I _____
my horn. 104. A: The Chinese described flying machines.
A) is / won’t bang B) was / don’t bang B: They _____ tremendous imaginations.
C) were / won’t bang D) were / wouldn’t bang A) could have B) must have
C) must have had D) need to have
87. I wouldn’t buy it unless I _____ it.
A) can’t afford B) could have afforded 105. A: Do you think they’ll have my size?
C) could afford D) couldn’t afford B: They _____ have your size.
A) are used to B) should C) has to D) will have to
88. A: Williams. Jack Williams.
106. If you worked in industry, you _____ the value of money.
B: Sorry. I _____ the wrong number.
A) had to know B) would know
A) must dial B) must have dialed
C) should have known D) might have known
C) might dial D) might have been dialed
107. His life _____ if he had worn his seat belt.
89. A: He was driving on the right in Cyprus when he crashed. A) would be saved B) might have saved
B: He _____ on the left. C) could have been saved D) may be saved
A) had to be driving B) could be driving
C) ought to have been driving D) shouldn’t have been driving 108. I _____ go out than be stuck in bed.
A) had better B) should C) have to D) would rather
90. A: The attendant was smoking near the petrol pump.
B: He _____ smoking there. 109. I _____ to learn English fluently.
A) shouldn’t be B) ought not to be A) must B) have got C) should D) would rather
C) wouldn’t be D) shouldn’t have been
110. A: Is he going to have his operation this month?
91. You say you saw him sitting in the canteen today. He _____ sitting B: Well, he _____ have had it this month, but now he is going to
there. He has been in hospital for two days. have it next month.
A) couldn’t have been B) must not be A) was to B) will C) used to D) needs to
C) can not be D) might have been 111. A: _____ Barcelona _____ Real Madrid last night?
92. A: Look at the magician. He is sawing that woman in half! B: Yes, it could. It has got more skillful players.
B: He _____ sawing her in half. It _____ a trick. A) could / beat B) could / have been beaten
A) mustn’t be / might be B) can not be / must be C) could / have beaten D) could / be beaten by
C) ought not to be / can be D) must be / might be 112. I can’t find my keys. I have a feeling I _____ them in the library.
A) might leave B) must have left
93. A: His brother won the marathon last year.
C) could leave D) should have left
B: He _____ very fast.
A) might have been B) must be 113. My car has been making a strange noise lately. I _____ it to the
C) may have been D) might be garage and get it seen to.
A) had to take B) shall have to take
94. A: How on earth did the thief get in? C) should have taken D) was to have taken
B: He _____ a window.
A) is able to break B) might have been broken 114. Joan suggested that they _____ all go for a walk in the afternoon -
C) could have broken D) had to break provided it didn’t keep on raining.
A) would B) could C) should D) might
95. I wish he _____ a little more tactful!
A) must be B) would be C) will be D) might be 115. You say I _____ a screwdriver. What _____ I _____?
A) could have used / should / have used
96. The Government recommended that the housing problem _____ B) shouldn’t have used / should / have used
speeded up. C) might not use / should / be used
A) would be B) must be C) is to be D) should be D) mustn’t use / could / have used
97. A: Surely he has woken up. 116. He was so unsure of himself that he ______ even buy a box of
B: Well, I can hear snoring coming from his room. chocolates without consulting his mother.
A: He _____ then. A) wouldn’t B) won’t
A) can’t wake up B) might not wake up C) can’t D) might not have
C) must have woken up D) can not have woken up
117. Before his illness he _____ anything but now he _____ very careful
98. You cannot wash these curtains. They _____. with his diet.
A) to be dry-cleaned B) must have been dry-cleaned A) could eat / can be B) must have eaten / had to be
C) have been dry-cleaned D) have to be dry-cleaned C) could eat / has to be D) couldn’t eat / has to be
99. The reports _____ by four o’clock because the manager is going to 118. Powerful though they were, they never _____ to challenge the
sign them. authority of the King.
A) must be finished B) must finish A) will have B) dared C) would have D) could’ve been
C) should have been finished D) had to be finished
119. If those two people _____ leave, the Whole firm would probably
100. I _____ very hard but I do now. collapse.
A) don’t need to work B) don’t have to work A) must B) are to C) were to D) had to
C) didn’t have to work D) should have worked
120. We _____ be late for work. Our boss is very particular about time-
101. George King ___ filter-tipped cigarettes, but now he smokes cigars. keeping.
A) is used to smoking B) was used to smoke A) wouldn’t B) weren’t to C) daren’t D) didn’t used to
C) is accustomed to smoking D) was accustomed to smoking

Book 1 Part B 84 Modals (Intermediate / Upper-Intermediate)

 TEST 8 Modals
1. Why didn’t you help him? You ___ have done it. 17. Visitors ___ stay in the hospital after ten pm.
A) must B) can C) could A) might not B) needn’t C) couldn’t
D) were to E) was able to D) must not E) didn’t have to

2. A: ___ I phone you tonight? 18. We had an appointment yesterday afternoon but he ___ see me.
B: Yes, you ___ . A) might not B) cannot C) have to
A) may / may B) must / might D) mustn’t E) wasn’t able to
C) could / can’t D) shouldn’t / shouldn’t
E) have to / had to 19. I didn’t ___ ring her up for she did it herself.
A) had to B) could C) be to
3. But I ___ stay in England for six months, and not for a fortnight as D) have to E) must
I had planned.
A) had to B) have to C) am able to 20. The rain was so sudden that everybody ___ take a shelter.
D) can E) shall have A) can B) could C) have to
D) are to E) had to
4. -I ___ draw a circle with a pencil only, and you?
-Neither can I. 21. If you ___ fix a radio, you ___ repair a TV too.
A) can’t B) can C) may A) can / will be able to B) must / may C) couldn’t / can
D) shan’t E) couldn’t D) need / has to E) may / needn’t to

5. Last week I ___ go to town on business trip as the Ministry of 22. -I’ve examined you very carefully. I think all you ___ is a good
Education had asked me to come. rest.
A) had to B) might C) should -But I’m still feeling sick. Why don’t you look at my tongue?
D) could E) was able to -It ___ a rest too.
A) must / may B) might / can C) need / could
6. If one person is careless with a library book, then it ___ be read D) should / have to E) need / needs
by others.
A) can’t B) couldn’t C) may 23. You ___ do this work yourself, if you try.
D) can E) mightn’t A) can B) had to C) must
D) was able to E) were to do
7. After a book is written, it passes through the heads of very many
different workers. Each worker works carefully, for there ___ not 24. Guests of the hotel ___ warn the clerk in advance when they
be any mistakes. leave.
A) must B) couldn’t C) could A) can B) may C) must
D) might E) has to D) is to E) had to

8. He tried, but ___ persuade nobody. 25. My mother ___ neither read nor write after the operation and
A) could B) couldn’t C) can now I ___ help her.
D) might E) won’t A) have to / must B) could / have to
C) couldn’t / had to D) were able / can
9. People who know a foreign language ___ learn a second one E) might / need
easily.
A) may B) should C) mustn’t 26. ___ I borrow your text-book? I’ve left mine at home.
D) can E) needn’t A) am able to B) must C) have to
D) need E) may
10. ___ I have a word with you, please?
A) may B) had to C) have to 27. People ___ exercise regularly, otherwise they will get out of
D) must E) am able to shape.
A) must not B) should C) can
11. At first I ___ skate well, now I ___ . D) might E) has to
A) couldn’t / can B) may / can C) mustn’t / can
D) should / shouldn’t E) must / needn’t 28. “Ma,” said a little girl, “Willie wants the biggest piece of cake,
and I think I ___ have it, because he was eating cakes two years
12. She said they ___ go to the cinema if they liked. before I was born.”
A) must B) may C) can A) couldn’t B) has to C) is to
D) had to E) could D) should E) had to

13. - What is your sister doing? 29. -I live near my work.

- She ___ be watching TV. -So you ___ go to the office by crowded buses.
A) may B) can’t C) needn’t A) have to B) are able to C) don’t have to
D) has to E) could D) would have to E) can’t

14. I didn’t want to go there but I ___ . 30. -I ___ go to the cinema yesterday.
A) must B) might C) shall -Why?
D) can’t E) had to -Because I ___ complete my work.
A) can’t / must B) couldn’t / had to
15. - ___ I go there now? C) didn’t have to / may D) wasn’t to / need
- No, you ___ . E) should / have to
A) can / hadn’t to B) am / aren’t C) must / needn’t
D) might / could E) should / will 31. The skier broke his leg and ___ compete in the recent Olympic
Games.
16. - Where is he? A) couldn’t B) mustn’t C) had to
- He ___ be walking in the park. D) can’t E) might
A) can’t B) is able to C) has to
D) must E) ought to

Book 1 Part C 124 Modals

32. I ___ not translate this text yesterday. ___ you help me to translate it 49. “Never put off till tomorrow what you ___ do today.”
tonight? A) have to B) must C) might
A) could / can B) can / can C) may / may D) can E) should
D) had to / could E) can / must
50. -I ___ understand the rule; ___ I take the examination another
33. Does Larry ___ leave home at 7.30? time?
A) have to B) must C) has to -Yes, of course.
D) need E) should A) could / can B) may / may C) can’t / may
D) mustn’t / must E) may / can
34. -___ any of you speak Italian?
-No, but we are learning it and I hope we ___ speak it next year. 51. Pupils ___ speak only English at their English lessons.
A) must / will have to B) may / have got to A) must not B) must C) cannot
C) can / shall be able to D) could / could D) has to E) had to
E) might / had to
52. The lecturer mentioned the name of the town several times, but
35. - ___ I take your pen for a moment? unfortunately I ___ remember it.
- Certainly. A) can B) could C) may
A) must B) may C) might D) could not E) may not
D) should E) will
53. -Must I do this exercise too?
36. I ___ speak English last year but I ___ do it now. -No, you ___ . It isn’t necessary.
A) must / can B) could / can C) might / may A) can’t B) may not C) mustn’t
D) couldn’t / can E) might / could D) needn’t E) oughtn’t to

37. Mother, ___ I go for a walk? I’ve done all my work. 54. Mother, look, I ___ skate well.
A) have to B) am to C) may A) can B) may C) must
D) must E) might D) have to E) ought to

38. I was ill and ___ go to school for some days. 55. I’m sorry you ___ smoke here.
A) can’t B) must C) could A) had to B) can’t C) could
D) couldn’t E) can D) must E) have to

39. - ___ we do this work now? 56. We ___ protect our nature from pollution.
- ___ . You can do it tomorrow. A) need B) had to C) are to
A) Can / Yes, you can B) Must / No, you needn’t D) may E) must
C) May / Yes, you may D) Could / Yes, you must
E) Might / No, you might not 57. He is very helpless, I ___ help him.
A) need B) might C) have to
40. “___ I do anything for you?”, the secretary asked the stranger. D) can E) may
A) can B) had to C) must
D) have to E) am 58. Excuse me, ___ you tell me the time?
A) may B) must C) might
41. - ___ we finish our work today? D) can E) are able to
- No, you ___ .
A) Can / couldn’t B) May / can C) Have to / can 59. My grandfather’s ill and I ___ go to see him today, I ___ go with
D) Must / needn’t E) Had / needn’t you.
A) can / can’t B) have to / can’t C) may / have to
42. I ___ go to the library for books as I often write compositions at school. D) need / must E) be able to / may not
A) can B) could C) may
D) might E) have to 60. The Browns ___ not return on Sunday, as the weather was bad.
A) may B) could C) have to
43. It ___ rain this afternoon. D) must E) can’t
A) had to B) may C) is able to
D) could E) might 61. I looked through this book about 2 hours, but ___ find anything
interesting.
44. ___ the director receive me now? A) can’t B) couldn’t C) had to
A) Have to B) Is able C) Can D) can E) hadn’t to
D) Is to E) Has to
62. You ___ do this for it’s necessary.
45. Who ___ help him at 2 yesterday? A) may B) can C) have to
A) have to B) is to C) can D) has E) could
D) need E) had to
63. You ___ work hard at your English.
46. I said that after all that had happened I ___ run away to my aunt’s. A) must B) mustn’t C) can’t
A) could B) might C) had to D) has to E) may not
D) need E) was able to
64. We ___ read much in the original if we want to learn a foreign
47. - ___ I go to the cinema? language.
- No, you ___ . The film is for grown ups. A) had to B) can C) must
A) may / mustn’t B) can / needn’t C) could / can’t D) may E) could
D) must / may not E) shall / haven’t
65. We ___ do it by midday if we had the instruments.
48. Teacher: “You ___ ring me up when you ___ my advice. A) may B) can C) must
A) could / need B) may / need C) can / will need D) could E) might
D) must / needed E) have to / need
66. You ___ get a visa before you go abroad next summer.
A) may B) can C) could
D) have to E) will have to

Book 1 Part C 125 Modals

67. If you want to improve your English you ___ work very hard. 85. Mark Twain ___ easily ___ across the Mississippi River.
A) can B) may C) are able to A) must / swim B) had to / swam C) may / swim
D) had to E) must D) would / to swim E) could / swim

68. You’ve been traveling all day. You ___ be very tired. 86. It was late but the pupils ___ stay at school for an additional
A) must B) can’t C) might lesson.
D) ought to E) shouldn’t A) could B) must C) had to
D) needed E) might
69. My eyesight isn’t very good. I ___ wear glasses for reading.
A) might B) have to C) can 87. The children have done their homework. I think they ___ have a
D) may E) could rest now.
A) may B) might C) are
70. He said that I ___ look around. D) could E) will be able to
A) might B) may C) can
D) has to E) is able to 88. -Shall I retell the text?
-___ . You can only translate it.
71. He ___ agree with your suggestion. A) Yes, you will. B) Do, please. C) No, you didn’t.
A) may not B) need C) are able to D) No, you needn’t. E) Yes, you may.
D) are to E) have to
89. Patient: Must I go to the hospital?
72. My son fell ill yesterday, I ___ stay at home. Doctor: No, you ___ . You ___ stay at home.
A) must B) can C) may A) can’t / had to B) mustn’t / had to C) needn’t / may
D) need E) had to D) are able to / can E) shouldn’t / might

73. I will not read this book, you ___ do it if you want. 90. It ___ rain today. There are so many clouds in the sky.
A) can B) might C) have to A) can B) has to C) may
D) can’t E) must D) should E) mustn’t

74. ___ you show me those black shoes? How much are they? 91. I understood that he ___ never ___ back.
A) may B) must C) can A) will / come B) doesn’t / came C) won’t / home
D) have to E) will have to D) would / come E) wouldn’t / come

75. I ___ leave the party early last night, because I wasn’t very well. 92. My son is ill so I ___ stay at home.
A) must B) may C) could A) mustn’t B) has to C) can
D) have to E) had to D) may E) have to

76. She ___ lift me up with one hand. 93. Must I do it? No, you ___ . It isn’t necessary.
A) may B) need C) can A) couldn’t B) may not C) needn’t
D) to have to E) to be able to D) can’t E) shouldn’t

77. You ___ work if you don ‘t want to. 94. I feel sick and tired. So I ___ go to school.
A) must not B) can’t C) needn’t A) can B) could C) haven’t to
D) must E) has to D) am not able to E) am able to

78. You ___ come and have dinner with us some day. 95. He was very poor and ___ marry a woman eight years older than
A) was able to B) could C) has to himself.
D) is to E) must A) must B) could C) needed
D) had to E) might
79. It was very difficult to hear. I ___ understand what she was
saying. 96. Children ___ go to school at the age of 7.
A) can’t B) may not C) wasn’t able to A) can B) must C) may
D) couldn’t E) could D) has to E) could

80. The teacher told us that we ___ work harder at our English. 97. - ___ I trouble you for a moment?
A) have B) must C) could - Yes, certainly. What ___ I do for you?
D) may E) had to A) can / might B) may / can C) must / may
D) could / may E) can / must
81. A little girl comes up to her mother and asks if she ___ go to the
park with her friend. 98. He ___ know her address. Ask him.
A) couldn’t B) can’t C) must A) need B) must C) could
D) may E) has to D) might E) have to

82. If you are ill and ___ go to school you ___ learn everything what 99. You knew he was ill. You ___ have visited him.
you have missed. A) can B) might C) need
A) can / must B) can’t / must C) may / can D) have to E) may
D) has to / may E) can’t / might
100. May I take this pen? No, you ___ .
83. The dog had run away and the children ___ find it though they A) can B) may C) mustn’t
were looking for it the whole day. D) need E) haven’t to
A) can B) can’t C) could
D) may E) could not 101. -”What’s happened to the dog? It isn’t here.”
-”Dan ___ have taken it with him.”
84. As Mr. John hadn’t got the dictionary at hand, he ___ guess the A) had to B) was to C) might
meaning of the word. D) may E) could
A) should B) can C) has to
D) must E) had to 102. You ___ give it back to me before you go.
A) might B) couldn’t C) must
D) need E) had to

Book 1 Part C 126 Modals

103. That’s a question nobody ___ answer. 120. That day as I ___ to be there at 5 sharp, I ___ to take a taxi.
A) must not B) were to C) cannot A) am / had to B) is / may C) was / had to
D) might E) can D) were / can E) were / had to

104. ___ God be with you. 121. You ___ read this book: you are grown up.
A) can B) must C) may A) may B) might C) has to
D) had to E) is to D) can’t E) may not

105. A fool man ___ ask more questions than a wise man ___ answer. 122. I ___ come to see you tonight as I ___ answer many questions.
A) may / can B) can / must C) may / might A) can / may B) can’t / have to C) can’t / can not
D) can / might E) must / could. D) must / had to E) may / may not

106. “Does Jack shave?” 123. Last night the plane ___ land because of the sudden change of
“No, he’s got a beard so he ___ shave.” the wind.
A) hasn’t to B) hasn’t got to C) don’t have to A) must B) may C) has to
D) can’t E) will be able to D) had to E) can

107. Don’t worry. You ___ do it just now. You ___ do it tomorrow. 124. ___ he speak French as English last year?
A) must / can B) should / may C) can / could A) can B) may C) had to
D) had to / must E) needn’t / can D) can’t E) could

108. I ___ speak English well now but I hope I ___ speak next year. 125. She said that he ___ take her dictionary.
A) could / can B) can’t / shall be able to A) may B) can C) is allowed
C) must / shall have to D) may / may D) is able E) might
E) am able to / shall have to
126. As my sister was taking an examination I ___ look after her baby
109. The driver ___ have taken a side road. yesterday.
A) shall B) need C) may A) could B) had to C) must
D) have to E) is to D) was able to E) should

110. He ___ have replaced the tire, it was still quite good. 127. “He ___ in the house now,” thinks the girl.
A) could B) can C) needn’t A) could B) may be C) might be
D) had to E) should D) had to be E) will be

111. How ___ I tell her that her life will be ruined from this day on? I 128. Your brother is ill, so he ___ go out for a walk.
think, I can’t. A) can B) could C) may
A) must B) need C) may D) might E) must not
D) shall E) can
129. It ___ rain today, we ___ see clouds in the sky.
112. It was so warm that we ___ wear our coats. It was very pleasant. A) has to / can B) must / have to C) could / can’t
A) couldn’t B) didn’t have to C) shouldn’t D) may / can E) might / must
D) mightn’t E) mustn’t
130. Charles Dickens ___ go to school at an early age, as he ___ help
113. They will get hungry on the train; I think, you ___ give them his family.
some sandwiches. A) should / would B) couldn’t / had to
A) should B) could C) might C) must / couldn’t D) might / should
D) had to E) needn’t E) had not to / would

114. You ___ a raincoat. You are wet through. 131. They ___ tell the truth, but they ___ .
A) must have worn B) may wear A) had to / can’t B) have to / couldn’t C) must / can’t
C) should have worn D) could wear D) are to / couldn’t E) may /had to
E) needn’t have worn
132. I have very little time and I ___ take a taxi.
115. “You ___ choose any present you like, take it, please”, said mother. A) may B) could C) should
A) might B) could C) may D) have to E) have
D) have to E) are able to
133. You ___ this. Why didn’t you use a chance?
116. -Have you looked through these newspapers? A) can do B) could have done C) must do
-No, I haven’t. I ___ write an article. D) may do E) need do
A) has to B) had to C) mustn’t
D) can E) might 134. I ___ send him a letter yesterday.
A) am B) can C) may
117. We didn’t go out last night. We ___ to the cinema but we decided D) had to E) should
to stay at home.
A) could have gone B) must have gone C) should go 135. She told him he ___ go home.
D) are to go E) needn’t go A) may B) can C) ought
D) might E) have to
118. I was at home yesterday. You ___ have called and taken the
dictionary. 136. No matter how she ___ try the door ___ open.
A) must B) may C) could A) can / should B) could / must C) should / will
D) can E) had to D) might / wouldn’t E) must / ought to

119. - When I was a child I ___ draw well. 137. ___ I take your book ? I ___ write many exercises tomorrow.
- And now? ___ you do it now? A) must / must B) should / have to
A) must / may B) could / can C) should / need C) may / shall have to D) might / had to
D) may / could E) ought to / can’t E) can / would

Book 1 Part C 127 Modals

138. She ___ get up and she ___ stay in bed as she is 155. Find the synonym of the modal verb “must”.
seriously ill. A) I might be wrong.
A) must / has to B) can’t / has to C) should / is to B) We may go there.
D) may / must E) is able / shall C) He needs a dictionary.
D) You can say anything.
139. My cousin ___ read and write when he was five. E) He was to go to the south.
A) could B) may C) have to
D) must E) can 156. You ___ easily find the newspaper now where his article was
printed.
140. We ___ to meet at the theatre entrance at a quarter to eight A) might B) need C) couldn’t
yesterday. D) had to E) can
A) are B) must C) have
D) were E) couldn’t 157. He said that his father was ill and they ___ go to see the doctor
yesterday.
141. They ___ do this the day after tomorrow. Now they are very A) can B) had to C) are able
busy. D) can’t E) may
A) may B) can C) must
D) will be able to E) were able to 158. Sorry, I ___ go with you. I ___ finish my work.
A) may not / must B) couldn’t / have to C) mustn’t / can
142. I ___ write to Ann. I haven’t written to her for ages. D) can’t / must E) am / could
A) can B) must C) had to
D) could E) may 159. Last year in April I ___ use my umbrella more often than in May.
A) must B) can C) were able
143. This work ___ be done at once. D) had to E) may
A) can B) must C) ought
D) should E) may 160. “___ I have another cup of tea?”
A) must B) might C) may
144. The teacher said they ___ all go home. D) would E) need
A) may B) have to C) might
D) can E) be able to 161. -I wonder where the chief is.
-He ___ be in his office. I’ve seen him this morning.
145. -How ___ I get to the nearest bus stop? A) is able to B) should C) have to
-You ___ go straight and then turn to the left. D) must E) had to
A) must / can B) can / must C) should / may
D) may / have to E) could / might 162. “I ___ go, Padre, the students will be waiting for me.
A) is to B) can C) be able
146. Oh, you are seriously ill. I think you ___ consult a doctor and if he D) must E) may
tells you to keep to bed you ___ do.
A) may / might B) must / can’t C) should / must
D) have to / couldn’t E) has to / may

147. Tom ___ pass his exam in Literature and now he is working hard
as he ___ take it again.
A) can’t / was able B) must / had to C) may / could
D) couldn’t / has to E) can’t / had to

148. ___ I come in? No, you ___ I am very busy now. I ___ write a
report.
A) can / can / must B) must / may not / had to
C) may / can’t / must D) may / may not / can
E) must / mustn’t / may

149. - ___ I smoke here?

- No, you ___ .
A) can / may B) may / mustn’t C) can / should
D) can / can’t E) may / need

150. You ___ break the body but you ___ break the spirit.
A) may / can’t B) could / can’t C) must / must
D) can / might not E) may / may

151. He ___ tell you how glad he is.

A) was able to B) couldn’t C) can’t
D) had to E) have

152. He said that I ___ telephone him any time I liked.

A) can B) will C) might
D) have to E) will have to

153. I have a terrible headache. I ___ do anything.

A) could B) can C) should
D) can’t E) might

154. -___ your son speak English?

-No, but he ___ when he was a schoolboy.
A) has to / must B) could / may C) might / can
D) can / could E) may / must

Book 1 Part C 128 Modals