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Concept Lyst1863

Para Jumbles or Sentence Rearrangement is a key topic for exams that assesses reading and reasoning skills by requiring candidates to logically arrange jumbled sentences. Important strategies include identifying the opening sentence, understanding noun-pronoun relationships, and following a general-to-specific or problem-solution approach. Additionally, recognizing connectors and concluding sentences aids in creating coherent paragraphs.

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20 views25 pages

Concept Lyst1863

Para Jumbles or Sentence Rearrangement is a key topic for exams that assesses reading and reasoning skills by requiring candidates to logically arrange jumbled sentences. Important strategies include identifying the opening sentence, understanding noun-pronoun relationships, and following a general-to-specific or problem-solution approach. Additionally, recognizing connectors and concluding sentences aids in creating coherent paragraphs.

Uploaded by

yoshinodeki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARA JUMBLES

Basic Concept

• Para Jumbles or Sentence Rearrangement is an important topic for various exams.

• The main purpose of this topic is to test the candidate’s reading and reasoning skills.

• The question consists of jumbled sentences that need to be rearranged in a logical order
to form a coherent paragraph.
Important Tips
1. OPENING SENTENCE

• The first step in sentence rearrangement is to identify the opening


sentence.
• The opening sentence introduces us to the passage. It may define a
concept, describe an event, or state a fact or an observation.
• The opening sentence is independent of the other sentences.
Example:
A. Typical materials that are recycled include iron and steel scrap, aluminium cans, glass
bottles, paper, wood, and plastics.
B. Recycling is the recovery and reprocessing of waste materials for use in new products.
C. The basic phases in recycling are the collection of waste materials, their processing or
manufacture into new products, and the purchase of those products, which may then
themselves be recycled.

Sentence B introduces us to the passage by explaining the meaning of ‘recycling’. Hence, B is the
opening sentence.
2. NOUN-PRONOUN RELATIONSHIP

• A noun always appears first, and is referred to


later using a pronoun.
Example:
A. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong made history by becoming the first man to walk on the
moon.
B. He developed a fascination with flight at an early age and earned his student pilot's license
when he was 16.

In sentence B, ‘he’ is a pronoun, that refers to the noun, Neil Armstrong. As mentioned earlier, a
noun always appears first and a pronoun appears later. Hence, B will follow A.
3. SHORT FORMS AND LAST NAMES

• When we introduce something or someone, we always use


the full name or title.
• So, when both, full name and last name are present, the
sentence containing the full name will appear first.
Example 1:
A. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist,
journalist and socialist revolutionary.
B. Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and his
work has been both lauded and criticized.

Here, sentence A contains the full name and sentence B contains the last name. Hence, B will
follow A.
Example 2:
A. The WTO is the world's largest international economic organization, with 164 member
states representing over 98% of global trade and global GDP.
B. The World Trade Organization is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and
facilitates international trade.

Here, sentence B contains the full form and sentence A contains the short form. Hence, A will
follow B.
4. TIME SEQUENCE

• When the jumbled sentences indicate a series of events or


steps, rearrange the sentences in a chronological order.
• Keep an eye out for words that indicate a time sequence –
before, after, later, next, finally, etc.
Example:
A. By 1712, Marathas quickly started retaking their lost lands; under Peshwa Baji Rao,
Gujarat, Malwa and Rajputana came under Maratha control.
B. The 27-year Mughal-Maratha war (1680–1707) led to rapid territorial loss of the Maratha
Empire to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
C. Finally, in 1737, Baji Rao defeated the Mughals on the outskirts of Delhi and brought much
of the former Mughal territories in the south of Agra under Maratha control.
D. However after his death in 1707, this process reversed following the Mughal succession
war between the sons of Aurangzeb.

The given sentences describe chronological events.


Hence, the sentence containing the oldest time period
will appear first. The correct sequence will be – BDAC.
5. ARTICLES

• Articles are words that are used before nouns. There are types of articles –
indefinite (a or an) and definite (the).
• Indefinite articles are used to refer to a general or unspecified person
or thing. For example, a girl; i.e., any girl.
• Definite articles are used to refer to a particular or specified person or
thing. For example, the book; i.e., some specific book.
5. ARTICLES

• When a noun is introduced for the first time, it takes an


indefinite article. The definite article is used to refer to a
noun previously introduced.
Example:
A. Samsung Electronics released a white paper that lays out the Company’s vision for securing
global frequency bands for 6G, the next generation communications technology.
B. The paper, titled “6G Spectrum: Expanding the Frontier,” discusses ways to obtain the
spectrum needed to achieve the company’s 6G vision.

In statement A, the indefinite article ‘a’ is used to introduce a noun, ‘white paper’. Hence,
sentence A will come first. In statement B, ‘the paper’ refers to the paper mentioned in statement
A. Hence, B will follow A.
6. GENERAL TO SPECIFIC APPROACH

• The sentences must always flow in a general to specific


order. A general statement will appear first, followed by
the specific statement.
Example:
A. One such service is remote notarization, a tool that banks can use to notarize documents
online.
B. It's no surprise that bank branches have had to make adjustments and add new services due
to constantly changing circumstances.

In statement A, ‘one such service’ refers to some specific service. Statement B mentions ‘new
services’, which refers to many services. Hence, A follows B.
7. PROBLEM-SOLUTION APPROACH

• First comes the problem, then comes the solution.


• In a paragraph where a problem and its solution are being
discussed, the problem will appear first and the solution
will follow.
Example:
A. To address these issues, the company is planning to take steps like increasing up-selling and
cross-selling, increasing direct sales of their individual products on their website, and
designing new products.
B. The company is facing issues like loss of market share to private players, lower profitability
and revenue growth, and short-term persistency ratios.

Statement B talks about a problem and statement A about addressing the problem. Hence, A will
follow B.
8. CONNECTORS

• Connectors, also known as transition words, are used to


link sentences and establish a smooth flow of ideas.
8. CONNECTORS

Types of Connectors
Function Examples

1. Cause and Effect Hence, Thus, Therefore, Consequently, Accordingly, As a result

2. Support Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore, Likewise, Besides, Indeed

3. Contrast Despite, In spite of, Although, However, Nevertheless, In contrast


Example:
A. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to hike repo rate by 40 basis points to 4.4%.
B. However, short and mid-term fixed deposits rates will rise initially followed by long-term
deposits.
C. This means debt fund investors would see a drop in net asset values as bond prices fall.

The word ‘however’ in sentence B suggests a contrast to something mentioned previously.


Sentence C mentions a ‘fall’ in prices and sentence B mentions a ‘rise’ in rates. Clearly, B and C
form a contrasting pair. Hence, B will follow C.
9. CLOSING SENTENCE

• The last step in sentence rearrangement is to identify the closing


sentence.
• The closing sentence will have a conclusive tone, and may
contain a conclusion indicator such as hence, therefore, finally,
as a result, etc.
Example:
A. In some regions they are already caught in a vicious downward spiral, with shrinking sea-
ice cutting short the time bears have for hunting seals.
B. The study concluded that polar bears in 12 of 13 subpopulations analyzed will have been
decimated within 80 years by the galloping pace of change in the Arctic, which is warming
twice as fast as the planet as a whole.
C. A recent study has predicted that polar bears could all but disappear within the span of a
human lifetime.

It is obvious that Sentence B has a conclusive tone. Hence, B is the closing sentence of the
paragraph.

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