Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal

(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)

Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Semester-IV
Formal Language & Automata Theory
Code: PCC-CS403
Contacts: 3L
Credits:3

Unit Content Hrs/Unit Marks/Unit

Introduction: Alphabet, languages and grammars,
1 productions and derivation, Chomsky hierarchy of 6
languages.
Regularlanguagesandfiniteautomata:Regularexpressionsandl
2 anguages,deterministicfiniteautomata(DFA)andequivalence 7
withregularexpressions,nondeterministicfiniteautomata(NF
A)andequivalencewithDFA,regulargrammarsandequivalenc
ewithfiniteautomata,propertiesofregularlanguages,pumpingl
emmaforregularlanguages,minimizationoffiniteautomata)
Context-freelanguagesandpushdownautomata:Context-
3 freegrammars(CFG)andlanguages(CFL),Chomskyand 6
Greibachnormalforms,
nondeterministicpushdownautomata(PDA)andequivalencew
ithCFG,parsetrees,ambiguityinCFG,pumpinglemmaforconte
xt-
freelanguages,deterministicpushdownautomata,closureprope
rties ofCFLs.
Context-sensitivelanguages:Context-
4. sensitivegrammars(CSG)andlanguages,linearboundedautom 6
ata andequivalencewithCSG.

5 Turingmachines:ThebasicmodelforTuringmachines(TM),Tu 6
ringrecognizable(recursivelyenumerable)andTuring-
decidable(recursive)languagesandtheirclosureproperties,vari
antsofTuringmachines,nondeterministicTMsandequivalence
withdeterministicTMs,unrestrictedgrammarsandequivalence
withTuringmachines,TMsas enumerators
6 Undecidability:Church- 6
Turingthesis,universalTuringmachine,theuniversalanddiago
nalizationlanguages,reductionbetweenlanguagesandRicesthe
orem,undecidableproblems about languages

Text books/ reference books:

1. John E. Hopcroft, Rajeev Motwani and Jeffrey D. Ullman, Introduction to Automata
Theory, Languages, and Computation, Pearson Education Asia.
2. Harry R. Lewis and Christos H. Papadimitriou, Elements of the Theory
ofComputation, Pearson Education Asia.
3. Dexter C. Kozen, Automata and Computability, Undergraduate Texts in Computer
Science, Springer.
4. Michael Sipser, Introduction to the Theory of Computation, PWS Publishing.
5. John Martin, Introduction to Languages and The Theory of Computation, TataMcGraw
1
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Hill., PEARSON.
1. Dr. R.B.Patel, Theory of Computation, Khanna Publishing House

Course Outcomes:
On completion of the course students will be able to
PCC-CS403.1 Write a formal notation for strings, languages and machines.
PCC-CS403.2 Design finite automata to accept a set of strings of a
language.
PCC-CS403.3 For a given language determine whether the given language is regular or
not.
PCC-CS403.4 Design context free grammars to generate strings of context free
language. PCC-CS403.5 Determine equivalence of languages accepted by Push Down
Automata and languages generated by context free grammars
PCC-CS403.6 Write the hierarchy of formal languages, grammars and machines.
PCC-CS403.7 Distinguish between computability and non-computability and
Decidability and undecidability.

2
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Artificial Intelligence
Code: PCC-AI401
Contacts: 3L

Name of the Course: Artificial Intelligence

Course Code: PCC-AI401 Semester: IV

Duration: 6 months Maximum Marks:100

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Theory:3 hrs./week Mid Semester exam: 15

Tutorial: NIL Assignment and Quiz: 10 marks
Attendance : 5 marks
Practical: NIL End Semester Exam :70 Marks
Credit Points: 3

Unit Content Hrs/U Marks/

nit Unit
Introduction [2] 6
1 Overview of Artificial intelligence- Problems of AI, AI technique, Tic
- Tac - Toe problem.
Intelligent Agents [2]
Agents & environment, nature of environment, structure of agents,
goal based agents, utility based agents, learning agents.
Problem Solving [2]
Problems, Problem Space & search: Defining the problem as state
space search, production system, problem characteristics,
issues in the design of search programs.
2. Search techniques [5] 13
Solving problems by searching :problem solving agents, searching for
solutions; uniform search strategies: breadth first
search, depth first search, depth limited search,
bidirectional search, comparing uniform search strategies.
Heuristic search strategies [5]
Greedy best-first search, A* search, memory bounded heuristic search:
local search algorithms & optimization problems:
Hill climbing search, simulated annealing search, local beam search,
genetic algorithms; constraint satisfaction problems,
local search for constraint satisfaction problems.
Adversarial search [3]
Games, optimal decisions & strategies in games, the minimax search
procedure, alpha-beta pruning, additional refinements,
iterative deepening.
3 Knowledge & reasoning [3] 3
Knowledge representation issues, representation & mapping,
approaches to knowledge representation, issues in knowledge
representation.

3
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

4 Using predicate logic [2] 6

Representing simple fact in logic, representing instant & ISA
relationship, computable functions & predicates, resolution,
natural deduction.
Probabilistic reasoning [4]
Representing knowledge in an uncertain domain, the semantics of
Bayesian networks, Dempster-Shafer theory, Fuzzy sets &
fuzzy logics.
5 Natural Language processing [2] 6
Introduction, Syntactic processing, semantic analysis, discourse &
pragmatic processing.
Learning [2]
Forms of learning, inductive learning, learning decision trees,
explanation based learning, learning using relevance
information, neural net learning & genetic learning.
Expert Systems [2]
Representing and using domain knowledge, expert system shells,
knowledge acquisition.

Text books/ reference books:

1. Artificial Intelligence, Ritch & Knight, TMH
2. Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach, Stuart Russel Peter Norvig Pearson
3. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems, Patterson, PHI
4. Poole, Computational Intelligence, OUP
5. Logic & Prolog Programming, Saroj Kaushik, New Age International
6. Expert Systems, Giarranto, VIKAS
7. M.C. Trivedi, Artificial Intelligence, Khanna Publishing House, New Delhi
(AICTE Recommended Textbook – 2018)

4
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Optimization Technique
Code: PCC-AI 402
Contacts: 3L

Name of the Course: OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

Course Code:PCC-AI402 Semester: IV
Duration: 6 months Maximum Marks: 100
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Theory:3 hrs./week Mid Semester exam: 15

Tutorial: NIL Assignment and Quiz: 10 marks
Attendance: 5 marks
Practical: NIL End Semester Exam: 70 Marks
Credit Points: 3
Course Objectives

1.Use Matlab to implement important optimization methods.

2. Learn efficient computational procedures to solve optimization problems
3.Cast engineering minima/maxima problems into optimization framework.
Unit Content Hrs/Unit Marks/Unit
1 Introduction: Historical Development, Engineering
applications of optimization, Statement of an 2
optimization problem, Classification of optimization
Problems
Classical Optimization Techniques: Single variable
2 optimization, Constrained and unconstrained 5
multivariable optimization, Relevant applications
3 Linear Programming: Standard form of a linear
programming problem, Simplex method, Duality in 6
linear programming, Quadratic programming, Stochastic
linear programming, Relevant applications
4 Nonlinear Programming: Unimodal function, 4
Interpolation methods, Direct and indirect methods,
Relevant applications
5 Geometric Programming: Unconstrained and 5
constrained geometric programming problems,
Geometric programming with mixed inequality
6 Integer Programming: Integer linear programming, 4
Integer nonlinear programming, Relevant applications

7 Game Theory: Introduction, Characteristics of Game 2

Theory, Two Person, Zero sum games, Pure strategy.
Dominance theory,

5
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

8 Genetic Algorithms: Introduction, Representation 2

methods, Selection methods, Operators, Replacement
methods, Relevant applications

Text book and Reference books:

1. Rao, S. S., & Rao, S. S., Engineering optimization: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Hadley, G., Linear programming, Narosa Publishing house.
3. Taha, H. A., Operations research: An introduction. Pearson Education India.
4. Deb. K, Optimization for engineering design: Algorithms and examples. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
5. Kumar, D. N., Multicriterion analysis in engineering and management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to –
1. Relate key concepts and applications of various optimization techniques
2. Identify the appropriate optimization technique for the given problem
3. Formulate appropriate objective functions and constraints to solve real life optimization problem

6
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Design and Analysis of Algorithms

Code: PCC-CS404
Contacts: 3L

Name of the Course: Design and Analysis of Algorithms

Course Code: PCC-CS404 Semester: IV

Duration: 6 months Maximum Marks:100

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Theory: 3 hrs./week Mid Semester exam: 15

Tutorial: NIL Assignment and Quiz: 10 marks
Attendance: 5 marks
Practical: hrs./week End Semester Exam: 70 Marks
Credit Points: 3

Unit Content Hrs/Unit

Introduction: Characteristics of algorithm. Analysis of
1 algorithm: Asymptotic analysis of complexity bounds – best, 8
average and worst-case behavior; Performance measurements of
Algorithm, Time and space trade-offs, Analysis of recursive
algorithms through recurrence relations: Substitution method,
Recursion tree method and
Masters’ theorem
Fundamental Algorithmic Strategies: Brute-Force, Greedy,
2 Dynamic Programming, Branch and- Bound and Backtracking 8
methodologies for the design of algorithms; Illustrations of these
techniques for Problem-Solving, Bin Packing, Knap Sack TSP.
Heuristics –characteristics and their
application domains.
Graph and Tree Algorithms: Traversal algorithms: Depth First
3 Search (DFS) and Breadth First Search (BFS); Shortest path 6
algorithms, Transitive closure, Minimum Spanning Tree,
Topological sorting, Network Flow Algorithm.Tractable
and Intractable Problems: Computability
4. of Algorithms, Computability classes – P,NP, NP- complete and 10
NP-hard. Cook’s theorem, Standard NP-complete problems and
Reduction techniques.
5 Advanced Topics: Approximation algorithms, Randomized 4
algorithms, Class of problems beyond NP – P SPACE

7
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Text books/ reference books:

1. Introduction to Algorithms, 4TH Edition, Thomas H Cormen, Charles E Lieserson, Ronald L

Rivest and Clifford Stein, MIT Press/McGraw-Hill.
2. Fundamentals of Algorithms – E. Horowitz et al.
4. Algorithm Design, 1ST Edition, Jon Kleinberg and ÉvaTardos, Pearson.
5. Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis, and Internet Examples, Second Edition, Michael T
Goodrich and Roberto Tamassia, Wiley.
6. Algorithms -- A Creative Approach, 3RD Edition, UdiManber, Addison-Wesley, Reading,
MA
7. Design & Analysis of Algorithms, Gajendra Sharma, Khanna Publishing House
(AICTE Recommended Textbook – 2018)
8. Algorithms D0052552esign and Analysis, Udit Agarwal, Dhanpat Rai

8
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Biology
Code: BSC 401
Contacts: 2L

Name of the Course: Biology

Course Code: BSC-401 Semester: IV

Duration: 6 months Maximum Marks:100
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Theory: 2hrs./week Mid Semester exam: 15

Tutorial: Assignment and Quiz: 10 marks
Attendance: 5 marks
Practical: NIL End Semester Exam: 70 Marks
Credit Points: 2

Unit Content Hrs/Unit

To convey that Biology is as important a scientific discipline
1 as Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry Bring out the 2
fundamental differences between science and engineering by
drawing a comparison between eye and camera, Bird flying
and aircraft. Mention the most exciting
aspect of biology as an independent scientific discipline.
Why we need to study biology?
Discuss how biological observations of 18th Century that
lead to major discoveries.
Examples from Brownian motion and the origin of
thermodynamics by referring to the
original observation of Robert Brown and Julius Mayor. These
examples will highlight the fundamental importance of
observations in any
scientific inquiry.
The underlying criterion, such as morphological, biochemical
2 or ecological be highlighted. 3
Hierarchy of life forms at phenomenological level. A common
thread weaves this hierarchy Classification. Discuss
classification based on (a)
cellularity- Unicellular or multicellular (b) ultrastructure-
prokaryotes or eucaryotes. (c)

9
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

energy and Carbon utilisation -Autotrophs, heterotrophs,

lithotropes (d) Ammonia excretion
– aminotelic, uricoteliec, ureotelic (e) Habitata- acquatic or
terrestrial (e) Molecular taxonomy- three major kingdoms
of life. A given organism can come under different
category based on classification. Model organisms for the study
of biology come from different groups. E.coli, S.cerevisiae, D.
Melanogaster,
C. elegance, A. Thaliana, M. musculus
To convey that “Genetics is to biology what Newton’s laws
3 are to Physical Sciences” Mendel’s laws, Concept of 4
segregation and independent assortment. Concept of allele.
Gene
mapping, Gene interaction, Epistasis. Meiosis and Mitosis be
taught as a part of genetics.
Emphasis to be give not to the mechanics of cell division nor
the phases but how genetic material passes from parent to
offspring.
Concepts of recessiveness and dominance. Concept of
mapping of phenotype to genes. Discuss about the single
gene disorders in humans.
Discuss the concept of complementation using human genetics.
Biomolecules: To convey that all forms of life have the same
4. building blocks and yet the manifestations are as diverse as one 4
can imagine Molecules of life. In this context discuss
monomeric units and polymeric structures.
Discuss about sugars, starch and cellulose. Amino acids and
proteins. Nucleotides and
DNA/RNA.Two carbon units and lipids.
5 Enzymes: To convey that without catalysis life would not 4
have existed on earth
Enzymology: How to monitor enzyme catalysed reactions.
How does an enzyme catalyse reactions? Enzyme
classification. Mechanism of enzyme action. Discuss at least
two
examples. Enzyme kinetics and kinetic parameters. Why should
we know these parameters to understand biology? RNA
catalysis.
6 Information Transfer:The molecular basis of coding and 4
decoding genetic information is universal
Molecular basis of information transfer. DNA as a genetic
material. Hierarchy of DNA
structure- from single stranded to double helix to
nucleosomes. Concept of genetic code.
Universality and degeneracy of genetic code.
Define gene in terms of complementation
and recombination.

10
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

7 Macromolecular analysis: How to analyse biological processes 5

at the reductionist level Proteins- structure and function.
Hierarch in protein structure. Primary secondary, tertiary and
quaternary structure. Proteins as enzymes,
transporters, receptors and structural elements.
8 Metabolism: The fundamental principles of energy 4
transactions are the same in physical and biological world.
Thermodynamics as applied to biological systems.
Exothermic and endothermic versus endergonic and
exergoinc reactions. Concept of Keqand its relation to
standard free energy.
Spontaneity. ATP as an energy currency. This should
include the breakdown of glucose to CO2 + H2O
(Glycolysis and Krebs cycle) and synthesis of glucose
from CO2 and H2O (Photosynthesis). Energy yielding and
energy
consuming reactions. Concept of Energy charge
9 Microbiology Concept of single celled organisms. Concept of 3
species and strains. Identification and classification of
microorganisms. Microscopy.
Ecological aspects of single celled
organisms. Sterilization and media compositions. Growth
kinetics.

Text books/ reference books:

1. Biology: A global approach: Campbell, N. A.; Reece, J. B.; Urry, Lisa; Cain, M, L.;
Wasserman, S. A.; Minorsky, P. V.; Jackson, R. B. Pearson Education Ltd
2. General Biology, Uma Devi, Khanna Book Publishing.
3. Outlines of Biochemistry, Conn, E.E; Stumpf, P.K; Bruening, G; Doi, R.H. John Wiley and
Sons
4. Principles of Biochemistry (V Edition), By Nelson, D. L.; and Cox, M. M.W.H. Freeman and
Company
5. Molecular Genetics (Second edition), Stent, G. S.; and Calender, R. W.H. Freeman and
company, Distributed by Satish Kumar Jain for CBS Publisher
6. Microbiology, Prescott, L.M J.P. Harley and C.A. Klein 1995. 2nd edition Wm, C. Brown
Publishers

11
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Environmental Science
Code: MC-401
Contacts: 2L

Name of the Course: Environmental Sciences

Course Code: MC-401 Semester: IV

Duration:6 months Maximum Marks:100
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Theory:2hrs./week Mid Semester exam: 15

Tutorial: NIL Assignment and Quiz : 10 marks
Attendance : 5 marks
Practical: NIL End Semester Exam :70 Marks
Credit Points: 2

Unit Content Hrs/Unit

Basic ideas of environment, basic concepts, man, society &
1 environment, their interrelationship (1L) 6

Mathematics of population growth and associated problems, Importance

of population study in environmental
engineering, definition of resource, types of resource, renewable, non-
renewable, potentially renewable, effect of excessive use vis-à-vis
population growth, Sustainable Development. (2L)

Materials balance: Steady state conservation system, steady state system

with non-conservative pollutants, step function. (1L)

Environmental degradation: Natural environmental Hazards like Flood,

earthquake, Landslide-causes, effects and control/management;
Anthropogenic degradation like Acid rain-cause, effects and control.
Nature and scope of Environmental Science and Engineering. (2L)

12
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Elements of ecology: System, open system, closed system, definition of

2 ecology, species, population, community, definition of ecosystem- 6
components types and function. (1L)

Structure and function of the following ecosystem: Forest ecosystem,

Grassland ecosystem, Desert ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystems, Mangrove
ecosystem (special reference to Sundar ban); Food chain [definition and
one example of each food chain], Food web.( 2L)

Biogeochemical Cycle- definition, significance, flow chart of different

cycles with only elementary reaction [Oxygen, carbon, Nitrogen,
Phosphate, Sulphur]. (1L)

Biodiversity- types, importance, Endemic species,

Biodiversity Hot-spot, Threats to biodiversity, Conservation of
biodiversity.( 2L)
Atmospheric Composition: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,
3 Thermosphere, Tropopause and Mesopause. (1L) 11

Energy balance: Conductive and Convective heat transfer, radiation heat

transfer, simple global temperature model [Earth as a black body, earth
as albedo], Problems.( 1L)

Green house effects: Definition, impact of greenhouse gases on the

global climate and consequently on sea water level, agriculture and
marine food. Global warming and its consequence, Control of Global
warming. Earth’s heat budget.(1L)

Lapse rate: Ambient lapse rate Adiabatic lapse rate, atmospheric stability,
temperature inversion (radiation inversion).(2L)

Atmospheric dispersion: Maximum mixing depth, ventilation coefficient,

effective stack height, smokestack plumes and Gaussian plume model.
(2L)

Definition of pollutants and contaminants, Primary and secondary

pollutants: emission standard, criteria
pollutant. Sources and effect of different air pollutants- Suspended
particulate matter, oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of
sulphur, particulate, PAN. (2L) Smog, Photochemical smog
and
London smog. Depletion Ozone layer: CFC,
destruction of ozone layer by CFC, impact of other green-house
gases, effect of ozone modification. (1L)

Standards and control measures: Industrial, commercial and residential

air quality standard, control measure (ESP. cyclone separator, bag house,
catalytic converter, scrubber (ventury), Statement with brief

1
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)
reference). (1L)

1
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

4. Hydrosphere, Hydrological cycle and Natural water. Pollutants of water,

their origin and effects: Oxygen demanding wastes, pathogens, nutrients, 9
Salts, thermal application, heavy metals, pesticides, volatile organic
compounds. (2L)

River/Lake/ground water pollution: River: DO, 5-day BOD test, Seeded

BOD test, BOD reaction rate constants, Effect of oxygen demanding
wastes on river [deoxygenation, reaeration], COD, Oil, Greases, pH. (2L)

Lake: Eutrophication [Definition, source and effect]. (1L)

Ground water: Aquifers, hydraulic gradient, ground water flow

(Definition only)(1L)

Standard and control: Waste water standard [BOD, COD, Oil, Grease],

Water Treatment system [coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation

and filtration, disinfection, hardness and alkalinity, softening] Waste
water treatment system, primary and secondary treatments [Trickling
filters, rotating biological contractor, Activated sludge, sludge treatment,
oxidation ponds] tertiary treatment definition. (2L)

Water pollution due to the toxic elements and their biochemical effects:
Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, and Arsenic (1L)
5 Lithosphere; Internal structure of earth, rock and soil (1L) 3
Solid Waste: Municipal, industrial, commercial, agricultural, domestic,
pathological and hazardous solid wastes;
Recovery and disposal method- Open dumping, Land filling, incineration,
composting, recycling.
Solid waste management and control (hazardous and biomedical waste).
(2L)
6 Definition of noise, effect of noise pollution, noise classification 3
[Transport noise, occupational noise, neighbourhood noise] (1L)
Definition of noise frequency, noise pressure, noise intensity, noise
threshold limit value, equivalent noise level,
L10 (18hr Index) ,n Ld.Noise pollution control. (1L)
7 Environmental impact assessment, Environmental Audit,
Environmental laws and protection act of India,
Different international environmental treaty/ agreement/
protocol. (2L)

Text books/ reference books:

1. M.P. Poonia & S.C. Sharma, Environmental Studies, Khanna Publishing House
(AICTERecommended Textbook – 2018)
2. M.P. Poonia, S.C. Sharma & Santosh Kumar, Environmental Engineering,
KhannaPublishing House (AICTERecommended Textbook)
3. Masters, G. M., “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”,
Pvt. Ltd.,1991.
Prentice-Hall ofIndia 2
4. De, A. K., “Environmental Chemistry”, New Age International
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Artificial Intelligence Lab

Code: PCC-AI491
Contacts: 4P

Name of the Course: Artificial Intelligence Lab

Course Code: PCC- AI491 Semester:IV

Duration:6 months Maximum Marks:100
Teaching Scheme:
Theory: hrs./week Continuous Internal Assessment
Tutorial: NIL External Assesement:60
Practical: 4 hrs./week Distribution of marks:40
Credit Points: 2
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1. Gain a historical perspective of AI and its foundations.
2. Become familiar with basic principles of AI toward problem solving, inference, perception, knowledge
representation, and learning.
3. Investigate applications of AI techniques in intelligent agents, expert systems, artificial neural networks
and other machine learning models.
4. Experience AI development tools such as an ‘AI language’, expert system shell, and/or data mining
tool.
5. Experiment with a machine learning model for simulation and analysis
Unit 1
Prolog Representation: Introduction, Logic-Based Representation, Prolog Syntax, Creating,
Changing, and Tracing a Prolog Computation, Lists and Recursion in Prolog.
Structured Representation and Inheritance Search: Abstract Data Types and Search, Using cut,
Control Search in prolog, Abstract Data Types (ADTs) in Prolog.

Unit 2
1. Write a program to implementation of DFS
2. Write a program to implementation of BFS

Unit 3
1. Write a Program to find the solution for traveling salesman Problem
Unit 4
1. Write a program to implement Simulated Annealing Algorithm
2. Write a program to find the solution for wampus world
problemUnit 5
1. Write a program to implement 8 puzzle problem
Unit 6
1. Write a program to implement Tower of Hanoi problem
Unit 7
1. Write a program to implement A* Algorithm
Unit 8
1. Write a program to implement Hill Climbing Algorithm
Unit 9
1. To Study JESS expert
systemUnit 10
1. To Study RVD expert
systemUnit 11
1. Write a Program to Perform Fibonacci Series 3
2. Write a Program to Check Sides of a
TriangleUnit 12
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

1. Write a Program to Perform Length of List

2. Write a Program to Perform Reverse in
List.Unit 13
1. Write a Prolog program to perform Arithmetic Mean.
2. Write a Program to Check Vowels or
Not.Unit 14
Machine Learning Algorithms in Prolog: Machine Learning: Version Space Search, Explanation
Based Learning in Prolog.
Programming in Lisp: S-Expressions, Syntax of LISP, Lists and Recursive Search, Variables,
Datatypes, High Order Functions, Logic Programming in LISP, Lisp-Shell.
Unit 15
Semantic Networks, Inheritance and Machine Learning: Sematic Nets, Inheritance, Object Oriented Lisp, LearningID3
Algorithm, And Implementing ID3 Algorithm.
Java, Representation and Object-Oriented Programming, Problem Spaces and Search, a Logic- Based Reasoning
System, an Expert System Shell.

Course Outcome
1) Demonstrate fundamental understanding of the history of artificial intelligence (AI) and its foundations.
2) Apply basic principles of AI in solutions that require problem solving, inference, perception, knowledge
representation, and learning.
3) Demonstrate awareness and a fundamental understanding of various applications of AI
Techniques in intelligent agents, expert systems, artificial neural networks and other machine learning models.
4) Demonstrate proficiency developing applications in an 'AI language', expert system shell, or data mining tool.
5) Demonstrate proficiency in applying scientific method to models of machine learning.

4
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

Design & Analysis of Algorithm Lab

Code: PCC-CS494
Contact: 4P

Name of the Course: Design & Analysis Algorithm Lab

Course Code: PCC-CS494 Semester: IV

Duration:6 months Maximum Marks:100
Teaching Scheme:
Theory: hrs./week Continuous Internal Assessment
Tutorial: NIL External Assesement: 60
Practical: 4 hrs./week Distribution of marks: 40
Credit Points: 2

Laboratory Experiments:
Divide and Conquer:
1 Implement Binary Search using Divide and Conquer approach
Implement Merge Sort using Divide and Conquer approach
2 Implement Quick Sort using Divide and Conquer approach
Find Maximum and Minimum element from a array of integer using Divide
and Conquer approach
3 Find the minimum number of scalar multiplication needed for chain of
matrix
4 Implement all pair of Shortest path for a graph (Floyed- Warshall Algorithm)
Implement Traveling Salesman Problem
5 Implement Single Source shortest Path for a graph ( Dijkstra , Bellman Ford
Algorithm
Brunch and Bound:
6 Implement 15 Puzzle Problem
Backtracking:
7 Implement 8 Queen problem
8 Graph Coloring ProblemHamiltonian
Problem
Greedy method
9 Knapsack Problem
Job sequencing with deadlines
10 Minimum Cost Spanning Tree by Prim's Algorithm
Minimum Cost Spanning Tree by Kruskal's Algorithm
Graph Traversal Algorithm:
11 Implement Breadth First Search (BFS)
Implement Depth First Search (DFS)

5
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

PYTHON II / R Programming Lab

Code: PCC-AI492
Contacts: 4P

Name of the Course: R Programming

Course Code:PCC-AI492 Semester: IV
Duration: 6 months Maximum Marks: 100
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme
Theory: Continuous Internal Assessment
Tutorial: NIL External Assesement: 60
Distribution of marks: 40
Practical: 4 hrs./week
Credit Points: 2
Objective:
1 identify and use available R packages and associated Open Source software to meet given
scientific objectives
2 design and write efficient programs using R (and similar high-level languages) to perform
routine and specialized data manipulation/management and analysis tasks
3 document analytical workflow using R, markdown languages, and version control
4 document, share, and collaborate on code development using a suite of Open Source standards
and tools
Pre-Requisite:
1 Computer Concepts and C Programming,
2 Database Management Systems

Practical Syllabus
1. Introduction to mechanism for statistics, data analysis, and machine learning; Introduction
of R Programming, How to install and run R, Use of R help files, R Sessions, R Objects –
Vectors, Attributes, Matrices, Array, Class, List, Data Frames etc. Operators in R.
2. R Programming Structures, Control Statements, Loops, Repeat and Break, R-Function, R
Vector Function, Recursive Function in R.
3. R Packages (Install and Use), Input /Output Features in R, Reading or Writing in File.
Data Manipulation in R. Rearranging data, Random Number and Simulation, Statistical
methods like min, max, median, mean, length, Linear Regression, Normal
Distribution,Decision tree
4. Graphics, Creating Graphs, The Workhorse of R Base Graphics, Graphical Functions –
Customizing Graphs, Saving Graphs to Files, Pie chart, Bar Chart, Histogram.
Text book and References.
1. Beginner’s Guide for Data Analysis using R Programming, Jeeva Jose, Khanna
BookPublishing.
2. Wickham, H. (2014) Advanced R. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
3. Hands-On Programming with R by Grolemund, O Reilly Publications
4. R for Everyone: Advanced Analytics and Graphics, 1e by Lander, Pearson Ltd.
5. R for Data Science Learning Dan Toomey December 2014 Packt Publishing Limited

Course Outcomes
1 Install and use R for simple programming tasks.
2 Extend the functionality of R by using add-on p6ackages
3. Extract data from files and other sources and perform various data manipulation tasks on them.
4 Code statistical functions in R and apply data analytical techniques using R.
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Syllabus for B. Tech in Artificial Intelligence
(Applicable from the academic session 2023-2024)

PYTHON II
Code: PCCAI492
Contacts: 4P

Name of the Course: PYTHON II

Course Code:PCC-AI492 Semester: IV
Duration: 6 months Maximum Marks: 100
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme
Theory: hrs./week Mid Semester exam: 15
Tutorial: NIL Assignment and Quiz: 10 marks
Attendance: 5 marks
Practical:4 hrs./week End Semester Exam : 70 Marks
Credit Points: 2
Objective:
1 To acquire programming skills in core Python
2 To acquire Object Oriented Skills in Python
3 To develop the skill of designing Graphical user Interfaces in Python
4 To develop the ability to write database applications in Python
Pre-Requisite:
1 Computer Concepts and C Programming,
2 Database Management Systems
Practical Syllabus
Programming
with Python-II
1. Programs to read and write files.
2. Programs to perform exploratory data analysis, variance, standard deviation,
summarization, distribution,statistical inference.
3. Plotting the various distribution for data set.
4. Write a program for K-mean clustering.
5. Program to demonstrate exception handling.
6. Program to demonstrate the use of regular expressions.
7. Program to show draw shapes & GUI controls.
8. Program to create server-client and exchange basic information.
9. Program to send email & read contents of URL.
10. Python with MySQL.
11. Python using linear regression, multiple regression and polynomial regression.
12. Python with
MongoDB13.

Text book and Reference books:

Introduction to Computing and Problem Solving with Python, Jeeva Jose, Khanna
Publishing.Taming Python by Programming, Jeeva Jose, Khanna Publishing.
Michael Urban and Joel Murach, Python Programming, Shroff/Murach,
2016Mark Lutz, Programming Python, O`Reilly, 4th Edition, 2010
Course Outcomes
1. Explain basic principles of Python programming language
7
2. Implement object oriented concepts Implement database and GUI applications.