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Module 2-Sage Matrix Operations

The document outlines a workshop on Graph Theory and Linear Algebra using SageMath, focusing on matrix theory. It covers objectives such as learning matrix basics, performing computations, and exploring advanced concepts, along with practical hands-on activities. The document provides examples of creating, manipulating, and displaying matrices in SageMath, including operations like addition, multiplication, transposition, and solving linear equations.

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Gnana Chandra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Module 2-Sage Matrix Operations

The document outlines a workshop on Graph Theory and Linear Algebra using SageMath, focusing on matrix theory. It covers objectives such as learning matrix basics, performing computations, and exploring advanced concepts, along with practical hands-on activities. The document provides examples of creating, manipulating, and displaying matrices in SageMath, including operations like addition, multiplication, transposition, and solving linear equations.

Uploaded by

Gnana Chandra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Workshop on Graph Theory and Linear Algebra using

SageMath

GTN ARTS College


22.01.2025

Getting Started with SageMath for Linear Algebra

Module 2

Title: Matrix Theory with SageMath

Objectives

• Learn matrix basics using SageMath.


• Perform matrix computations and operations.
• Explore advanced concepts: eigenvalues, decompositions, and sparse
matrices.
• Hands-on activities for practical understanding.

Why Use SageMath for Matrix Theory?

• Extensive matrix manipulation tools


• Symbolic computation and visualization capabilities
• Supports diverse applications in science, engineering, and data analysis

Creating Matrices in SageMath


Basic matrix
• M = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

Output
[1 2]
[3 4]

• Matrix([3,2,[1,2,3,4,5,6])
Output
[1 2]
[3 4]
[5 6]
Matrix(QQ,3,2,[1,2,(1/3),4,(5/6),6])
Output
[ 1 2]
[1/3 4]
[5/6 6]
Output

Matrix(RR,3,2,[1,2,(1/3),4,(5/6),6])
[ 1.00000000000000 2.00000000000000]
[0.333333333333333 4.00000000000000]
[0.833333333333333 6.00000000000000]

Matrix(CC,3,2,[1,2,4*i,4,2+2*i,6])
Output:
[1.00000000000000 2.00000000000000]
[4.00000000000000 + 3.00000000000000*I 4.00000000000000]
[2.00000000000000 + 2.00000000000000*I 6.00000000000000]

Zero and identity matrices


zero_matrix(3, 3)
Output
[0 0 0]
[0 0 0]
[0 0 0]

I = identity_matrix(3)
Output
[1 0 0]
[0 1 0]
[0 0 1]

To print the Matrix


(Use print())
Example:
A=matrix([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]])
print(A)

Output
[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]

Ones_matrix(3,2)
Output
[1 1]
[1 1]
[1 1]
Identity_matrix(4)
Output
[1 0 0 0]
[0 1 0 0]
[0 0 1 0]
[0 0 0 1]

Matrix Representation-

1. A=matrix(QQ,[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[-1,-2,-3]])
show("A="+ latex(A))
# Concatenates the string "A=" with the LaTeX representation of A.
Output

2. B=matrix(QQ,3,3,[1..9]);show("B="+ latex(B))
Output

Commands:

• show(B)------Also show the matrix B

Transpose of a Matrix

In SageMath, A.T is used to obtain the transpose of a matrix A.

The transpose of a matrix is a new matrix obtained by flipping A over its diagonal.

This means the rows of A become the columns of the transposed matrix, and

the columns of A become its rows

Example

B=matrix(QQ,3,3,[1..9]); show("B="+ latex(B))

show("Transpose of B="+latex(B.T))

Output

Inverse
Command: A.inverse()

Example:
A=matrix(QQ,[[1,10,11],[4,5,6],[-1,-2,-3]])
show("A="+latex(A))
B=A.inverse()
show(B)

Output

Difference between print and show

In SageMath, both print and show are used to display output, but they have
different purposes and presentation styles.

print

• Purpose: Displays plain text output


• Usage: Primarily for debugging, logging, or when you don't require
mathematical formatting
• Output Style: Displays content as plain text without any additional
formatting

Example:
A = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print("Matrix A:")
print(A)

Output

Matrix A
[1 2]
[3 4]

Show

• Purpose: Displays output with rich formatting, especially useful for


mathematical expressions
• Usage: Ideal for presenting mathematical content in a human-readable,
nicely formatted style (e.g., LaTeX-style rendering)
• Output Style: Displays matrices, equations, and other mathematical
content in a visually appealing way, often rendered with LaTeX in Jupyter
Notebooks or SageMath's GUI

Example
A = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
show("Matrix A:")
show(A)

Output

Basic Matrix Operations


# Basic Matrix Operations
A = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
B = Matrix([[2, 0], [1, 3]])

# Addition and multiplication


C=A+B
D=A*B

# Transpose and inverse


A_T = A.transpose()
A_inv = A.inverse()

# Print results
print("Matrix A:")
print(A)
print("\nMatrix B:")
print(B)
print("\nMatrix C (A + B):")
print(C)
print("\nMatrix D (A * B):")
print(D)
print("\nTranspose of A (A^T):")
print(A_T)
print("\nInverse of A (A^-1):")
print(A_inv)
Here \n within the string ensures that "Matrix B:" is printed on a new
line.

Output:
Matrix A:
[1 2]
[3 4]

Matrix B:
[2 0]
[1 3]

Matrix C (A + B):
[3 2]
[4 7]

Matrix D (A * B):
[ 4 6]
[10 12]

Transpose of A (A^T):
[1 3]
[2 4]

Inverse of A (A^-1):
[ -2 1]
[ 3/2 -1/2]

Solving Linear Equations

Code:
from sage.all import *
A = Matrix(QQ, [[2, 1], [1, 3]]) # Define the matrix A

B = vector(QQ, [4, 7]) # Define the vector B

X = A.solve_right(B) # Solve for X


print("Solution X:") # Print the solution
print(X)

Output
Solution X:
(1, 2)

Explanation:

1. Import necessary library:


o from sage.all import *: This line imports all the necessary functions
and classes from the SageMath library, which is a powerful open-
source mathematics software system.
2. Define the matrix A:
o A = Matrix(QQ, [[2, 1], [1, 3]]): This creates a 2x2 matrix A with
rational number entries (QQ represents the field of rational
numbers).
3. Define the vector B:
o B = vector(QQ, [4, 7]): This creates a column vector B with two
rational number components.
4. Solve for X:
o X = A.solve_right(B): This line uses the solve_right() method of the
matrix A to solve the linear equation AX = B for the unknown vector
X. The solve_right() method finds the solution by calculating the
right inverse of matrix A and multiplying it with vector B.
5. Print the solution:
o print("Solution X:") and print(X): These lines print the calculated
solution vector X to the console.

# Define matrices in SageMath


A = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
B = Matrix([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
# Construct the block matrix
C = block_matrix([[A, B], [B, A]])
# Display the result
print(C)
show(C)
Output

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