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Matrix Mathematics

This document explains the mathematical operations that can be performed on 1D arrays (vectors) and 2D arrays (matrices) using the Numpy package. It covers vector operations such as addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication, as well as the rules for performing dot products on matrices. The document emphasizes the importance of the shapes of the arrays in determining the outcome of these operations.

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Edwin Fontalvo Montoya
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5 views3 pages

Matrix Mathematics

This document explains the mathematical operations that can be performed on 1D arrays (vectors) and 2D arrays (matrices) using the Numpy package. It covers vector operations such as addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication, as well as the rules for performing dot products on matrices. The document emphasizes the importance of the shapes of the arrays in determining the outcome of these operations.

Uploaded by

Edwin Fontalvo Montoya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reading: Matrix Mathematics

Estimated effort: 5 mins

You have seen that you can use Numpy package functions to perform different types of operations on arrays and matrices. In this reading, you will learn how these
operations work mathematically.

1D Arrays : Vectors
A 1D array is often termed as a vector. Depending upon the orientation of the data, the vector can be classified as a row vector or a column vector. This is illustrated in the
image below.

Mathematically, we can add, subtract, and take the product of two vectors, provided they are the same shape. The images below highlight the mathematical operations
conducted on a pair of vectors.

All three of these operations are conducted on corresponding elements of individual vectors. The resulting array always has the same size as that of the two original
vectors.

To a single vector, we can also add a constant (scalar addition), subtract a constant (scalar subtraction) and multiply a constant (scalar multiplication) to any vector. The
images below illustrate these operations.
2D Arrays : Matrices
A 2D array is also called a Matrix. These are typically rectangular arrays with data stored in different rows. All of the operations mentioned above are also applicable to
the 2D arrays. However, the Dot product of 2D matrices follows a different rule.

As illlustrated in the images below, the dot product is carried out by multiplying and adding corresponding elements of rows of the first matrix with the elements of
columns of the second matrix. As a result, the output matrix from the multiplication will have a modified shape.

The general rule is that the dot product of an m X n matrix can be done only with an n X p matrix, and the resultant matrix will have the shape m X p. In the example
shown below, the 4 X 2 matrix is multiplied with the 2 X 4 matrix to generate a 4 X 4 matrix.

In the reverse example, when 2 X 4 matrix is multiplied with the 4 X 2 one, the resultant will be a 2 X 2 matrix.
Note: Dot product of a row vector with a column vector, with the same number of elements, would return a single scalar value. Dot product of a column
vector with a row vector, will return a 2D matrix.

Author: Abhishek Gagneja

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