Module 1

Q1. a. Define IoT. Explain the importance of IoT.

Enhances operational efficiency through automation.

Provides real-time insights for better decision-making.

Facilitates predictive maintenance in industries.

Enables smart solutions such as smart homes and smart cities.

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Q1. b. With block diagram, explain the elements of an IoT Ecosystem.

1. Sensors/Devices: Collect real-world data such as temperature, motion, or humidity.

2. Connectivity: Transmit data using protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Zigbee.

3. Data Processing: Analyzes the collected data in the cloud or locally.

4. User Interface: Displays actionable insights through dashboards or applications.

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Q2. a. Explain the Privacy and Security issues in IoT.

Privacy Issues:
Data ownership concerns.

Unauthorized data access due to weak security mechanisms.

Security Issues:

Vulnerabilities in communication protocols.

Malware and ransomware attacks.

Solutions:

Strong encryption and authentication mechanisms.

Regular firmware updates and patches.

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Q2. b. What are the various trends and implications in IoT?

Adoption of smart homes and cities.

Growth of wearable technology for health monitoring.

Integration with AI and machine learning for predictive analytics.

Revolutionizes industries with automation.

Raises concerns about cybersecurity and ethical data usage.

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Module 2
Q3. a. Explain the issues with IoT Standardization.

Lack of uniform protocols across manufacturers.

Difficulty in device interoperability.

Fragmentation in industrial applications.

Limited collaboration among stakeholders.

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Q3. b. List and explain the Applications of Zigbee Technology.

Smart Homes: Used for lighting, thermostats, and security systems.

Healthcare: Enables patient monitoring and wearable devices.

Industrial IoT: Facilitates wireless monitoring of machines.

Agriculture: Implements smart irrigation and environmental monitoring.

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Q4. a. Write a note on BACnet Protocol and Modbus.

BACnet Protocol: Designed for building automation and control systems, ensuring
interoperability between devices.

Modbus Protocol: A serial communication protocol widely used in industrial automation for
connecting sensors and controllers.

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Q4. b. Explain M2M Protocols and Unified Data Standards.

M2M Protocols: Machine-to-Machine protocols like MQTT and CoAP facilitate direct device
communication.
Unified Data Standards: Promote interoperability across platforms and devices (e.g., IEEE
802.15.4 for low-power communications).

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Module 3

Q5. a. List and explain different types of Deployment Models.

1. Device-to-Device: Devices communicate directly without intermediaries.

2. Device-to-Cloud: Data is sent to cloud servers for processing.

3. Device-to-Gateway: Data is transmitted through an intermediary gateway.

4. Back-End Data Sharing: Data is shared with multiple backend systems for analysis.

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Q5. b. Explain an IoTivity Stack Architecture.

Core Layers: Handles resource discovery and communication.

Service Layer: Provides functionalities like device management.

Resource Model: Abstracts devices into logical resources.

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Q6. a. Explain Resource Model and Abstraction in IoT Architecture.

Resource Model: Represents IoT devices and their capabilities as logical resources.
Abstraction: Hides hardware complexities, enabling seamless device interaction.

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Q6. b. List the characteristics of Open Source IoT Architecture.

Interoperability across platforms.

Scalability for adding more devices.

Modularity to allow customization.

Resource efficiency for constrained devices.

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Module 4

Q7. a. Compare Web of Things (WoT) and the Internet of Things (IoT).

IoT: Focuses on device connectivity and data exchange.

WoT: Builds on IoT by adding web-based APIs for seamless integration.

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Q7. b. Explain the concept of Two Pillars of Web.

1. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier): Provides unique identification for resources.

2. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Standard protocol for web communication.

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Q8. a. List and explain the Key Elements of ETSI M2M Architecture.

1. Device Domain: Includes sensors and actuators.

2. Network Domain: Handles communication protocols.

3. Application Domain: Provides user-facing services and insights.

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Q8. b. Explain Architecture of OSGi Technology.

OSGi is a modular framework for Java-based IoT applications.

It allows dynamic addition/removal of components at runtime.

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Module 5

Q9. a. With a case example, explain the Challenges faced by IoT in the Industrial Sector.

Challenges:

Cybersecurity risks.

Legacy system integration.

High deployment costs.

Case Example: In a factory, IoT sensors may face interference, leading to inaccurate data.

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Q9. b. Write a note on Future Factory Concepts and Brownfield IoT.

Future Factory Concepts: Fully automated factories leveraging IoT for end-to-end optimization.

Brownfield IoT: Integrates IoT into existing industrial setups without major overhauls.

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Q10. a. Categorize the Various Smart Applications in IoT.

1. Smart Homes: Automates lighting and security.

2. Smart Healthcare: Enables patient monitoring and diagnostics.

3. Smart Agriculture: Monitors environmental conditions.

4. Smart Cities: Manages traffic and utilities.

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Q10. b. List the Key Features of Any Two IoT Platforms.

1. AWS IoT:

Real-time analytics.

Device management.

2. Google Cloud IoT:

Scalable device integration.

Built-in machine learning models.