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Metal Cutting

The document discusses the basics of metal cutting, highlighting the machining process which involves removing material from a work-piece to achieve desired shapes and finishes. It outlines the need for machining, the basic elements involved, and the conditions influencing the cutting process, such as work material and tool geometry. Additionally, it describes different types of cutting tools and their geometries, emphasizing the importance of rake angles in cutting efficiency.

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Shankar
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46 views14 pages

Metal Cutting

The document discusses the basics of metal cutting, highlighting the machining process which involves removing material from a work-piece to achieve desired shapes and finishes. It outlines the need for machining, the basic elements involved, and the conditions influencing the cutting process, such as work material and tool geometry. Additionally, it describes different types of cutting tools and their geometries, emphasizing the importance of rake angles in cutting efficiency.

Uploaded by

Shankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Metal Cutting

MACHINING: VARIOUS MACHINE TOOLS:


Removal of material from the work-piece • Lathe
in the form of chips in order to achieve the • Drilling and Boring Machine
required shape, dimension and finish. • Milling Machine
• Shaper
NEED FOR MACHINING: • Broaching Machine
• Higher Surface Finish
• Grinding Machine
• Close Tolerance
• Super Finishing Processes
• Complex geometric shapes which are
difficult to obtain

The metal cutting process rely on the difference between hardness of the cutting tool
to that of the work-piece to remove the material

1
Basics of Metal Cutting

BASIC ELEMENTS OF MACHINING:


1. Work Piece
2. Chip
3. Tool

For cutting action to take place, relative motion


between the tool and work piece is required.

1. Work piece stationery and Tool moving.


or
2. Work piece moving and Tool stationery.
or
3. Work piece and Tool moving

2
Basics of Metal Cutting
Conditions that have a predominant influence on metal cutting are,

• Work Material – Chemical composition and physical properties


• Cutting Tool Geometry
• Cutting Tool Material
• Cutting Fluid Used
• Cutting Speed
• Feed Rate
• Depth of Cut

3
Single Point Cutting Tool
Multi Point Cutting Tool
Cutting Tool
Basics of Metal Cutting – Tool Geometry

Fig: Orthogonal Cutting with well defined Shear Plane

7
Tool Geometry
Tool Geometry
Tool Geometry
Tool Geometry
Tool Geometry
Tool Geometry
Positive rake angle Negative rake angle
• Chip will flow easily • Wedge angle is more, therefore more
strength.
(sufficient positive rake
angle) • There won’t be easy flow of chip, we need
more force and more power.
• Less cutting force/power • Tool material – Cemented carbide or
• More positive rake angle, Ceramic.
decreases the tool life Advantages:
• More stronger
Zero rake angle • High speed machining
• Can remove more material in less time
• Wedge angle is more, (Roughing)
therefore more strength. Disadvantages:
• It is preferred to machine • Force/power required will be more.
‘brass’ (workpiece material • Due to more rubbing, more heat
– easy to remove) generation.
14

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