U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU

December 2017 Semester End Main Examinations

Course: Communication Theory-1 Duration: 3 hrs

Course Code: 16EC5DCCT1 Max Marks: 100
Date: 12.12.2017

Instructions: Answer five full questions choosing one from each unit

UNIT 1
1 a State and explain three properties of autocorrelation function. 7
b Explain i) White Noise ii) Thermal Noise iii) Shot noise. 9
c Consider a random variable X that is uniformly distributed between the values 0 and
1 with probability 0.25, takes on the value 1 with probability 0.25, and is uniformly
4
distributed between the values 1 and 2 with probability 0.5. Determine the
distribution function of the random variable X.
UNIT 2
2 a Show that an AM wave can be generated using a Non-Linear Device (NLD) whose
6
output is proportional to square of the input.
b A composite wave obtained by adding a non-coherent carrier Ac cos (2πfct + Ф) to a
DSBSC wave m(t) cos(2πfct). The composite wave is then applied to an envelope
detector. Evaluate the detector output for 8
i. Ф=0
ii. Ф ≠ 0 and |m(t)| « Ac
c Explain detection of DSBSC wave using costas loop receiver. 6
OR
3 a Analyse the working of a diode circuit for generating a modulated wave with only
7
two sidebands.
b An amplitude modulated waveform has the form 𝑥 = [ + . cos 𝜋 +
. 𝑐𝑜 𝜋 ]𝑐𝑜 𝜋
i. Sketch the amplitude spectrum of x(t)
8
ii. Find the average power content of each spectral component including
the carrier
iii. Find Modulation index
c Explain frequency translation with an example. 5
UNIT 3
4 a Suggest a suitable amplitude modulation technique to transmit a message signal
which contains significant components at extremely low frequencies such as
television signals and provide specification of filter transfer function H(f) of a 10
sideband shaping filter to extract the desired modulated wave considering coherent
detector output.
 b Consider a two stage SSB modulator where the message signal consists of a voice
signal occupying the frequency band 0.3 to 3.4 KHz and the two carrier frequencies
are f1 = 10KHz and f2 = 100 KHz. Draw the spectrum and evaluate the following
(assume that sending only USB)
i. The side bands of DSBSC modulated waves at the output of the product 10
modulators
ii. The sidebands of the SSB modulated waves at the output of band pass
filter
iii. The pass band and the guard bands of the two band pass filters.
UNIT 4
5 a Define frequency modulation? Show that s(t) = Ac Σjn(β) cos2π(fc+nfm)t for FM
10
wave.
b Explain demodulation of FM wave using balanced frequency discriminator. 10

6 a With a neat circuit diagram, describe the direct method of generating FM. Also
explain feedback scheme for frequency stabilization of a frequency modulator in 8
direct method.
b Derive an expression for FOM of FM receiver. 12
UNIT 5
7 a What do you mean by digital communication? List the advantage of digital
6
communication over analog communication system.
b A signal 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜 𝜋 𝑐𝑜 𝜋 is sampled at the rate of 250
samples/sec.
i. Determine the spectrum of the sampled wave
8
ii. Specify the cut off frequency the ideal reconstruction filter so as to
recover x(t) from its sampled version.
iii. What is the Nyquist rate?
c Explain the working principle of TDM with neat diagram. 6
*******
 U.S.N.

B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU

July / August 2019 Supplementary Examinations

Programme: B.E. Semester : V
Branch : ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: Communication Theory-1 Max Marks: 100
Course: 16EC5DCCT1 Date: 26.07.2019

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any may suitably assumed.

UNIT - I
Revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining

1 a) What is PDF? Discuss the various properties of PDF. 10

b) Define Autocorrelation function of a WSS random process and discuss the 10
various properties of Autocorrelation function

UNIT - II
2 a) Discuss and Analyze the working principle of switching modulator for 10
generating AM signal. Write down the relevant equations, waveforms and
spectrum for modulated, carrier and sideband components.
b) A Carrier of 5v rms with frequency of 1MHz and modulating signal of 2v 10
rms with frequency of 1 KHz are applied to a circuit whose characteristics
is I=5+V+0.05V2.Compute the Modulation Index and frequencies of total
output.
OR
3 a) Analyze a envelop detector for demodulating a modulated signal with 10
carrier and two side bands and design it for a carrier frequency of 100 KHz
and message frequency of 4 KHz and |m(t)| « Amplitude of the carrier.
b) Analyze the working of a ring modulator for generating a DSBSC signal. 10
Draw the spectrum and provide design specification of band pass filter to
extract desired wave.

UNIT - III
4 a) Prove that the FOM of an SSB receiver using coherent detector is unity 10
b) Consider a two stage SSB modulator with message 0.3KHz to 3.4KHz and 10
the two carrier frequencies are fc1=10KHz and fc2=490KHz.Evaluate the
following a) Spectrum of the signal at two stage b) filter specifications

UNIT - IV
blank pages.
malpractice.

5 a) An angle modulated signal is described by S(t)=5cos[5.7*108 10

t+3Sin(2000)πt].
Find the following (i) power in the modulated signal (ii) frequency
deviation (iii) carrier frequency (iv) approximate transmission bandwidth.
 b) Show that the bandwidth of WBFM is infinity and specify the amplitude of 10
carrier and sidebands.

OR
6 a) Analyze the working of PLL as an FM demodulator with relevant block 10
diagram and expressions.
b) Why pre emphasis and de emphasis are needed? How they are 10
implemented? Explain

UNIT - V
7 a) State and prove sampling theorem for low pass signals. Define aliasing 10
effect with the measures undertaken to prevent it.
b) Given signal x(t)=5cos(2000πt )+3cos (10000πt ) is sampled at its Nyquist 10
rate,
i.) Draw the spectrum of signal and its sampled version. ii.) State and
comment on the frequency components that appear at the output of a
reconstruction filter
 U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
July / August 2017 Supplementary Semester Examinations

Course: ANALOG COMMUNICATION THEORY Duration: 3 Hours

Course Code: 10EC5DCACT Max Marks: 100

Date: 27.07.2017
Instructions: Answer FIVE FULL questions, choosing one from each unit.

UNIT -1

1.a) Draw and explain a switching modulator along with related transfer characteristics 12
and equations
b) Explain the operation of an envelope detector along with related diagrams. Specify 8
the Design criterias for RC values.
OR
2.a) Describe the generation of DSBSC wave using Ring Modulator with circuit and 8
relevant waveforms.
b) With the help of a neat block diagram explain QAM transmission and reception 6
c) Explain the principle of coherent detection of DSBSC modulated wave, obtain the 6
output equation of Vo(t).
UNIT-2
3.a) State the properties of Hilbert transform and state how it differs from Fourier 4
Transform ?
b) With a neat block diagram Explain the generation of SSB wave, using frequency 8
descrimination method.
c) With a neat block diagram. Explain the working of SSB demodulator using phase 8
shift concept.
 UNIT-3
4.a) What are the advantages of VSB modulation over the other methods of modulation? 2
Mention its application?
b) Describe the generation and detection of VSB modulation with necessary diagram 8
and equations.
c) Explain the concept of frequency upward & downward translation with necessary 10
diagram and equations.

OR
5.a) With a neat functional block diagram explain in detail the AM radio receiver 10
b) What are the two types of multiplexing? Explain with neat diagram the working of 10
Frequency Division Multiplexing.
UNIT-4
6.a) With circuit and mathematical expressions, explain how FM is generated in direct 10
method.
b) Prove that two complementary slope circuits can be used to demodulate FM signal 10
UNIT-5
7.a) What do you mean by noise in a communication system? Explain White Noise, 10
Thermal Noise and Shot noise
b) Define figure of merit? Show that figure of merit of a DSBSC receiver is unity. 10

*******
 U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)

December 2016 Semester End Main Examinations

Course: Communication Theory -1 Duration: 3 hrs

Course Code: 16EC5DCCT1 Max Marks: 100

Date: 26.12.2016
Instructions: Answer Any Five Full Questions Choosing One From Each Unit

UNIT 1
1 a Discuss and Evaluate CDF for an experiment of tossing a coin. The random 10
variable X maps Head with value 1 and Tail with value -1.
b Analyze the effect of Noise in communication scenario and also brief their 10
classification.
OR
2 a Illustrate PDF along with its properties. 14
b A tuned RLC circuit resonates at 100MHz by a capacitor of 20pF.The Q factor of 6
the circuit is 40 and the temperature is 17 degree with bandwidth 10 KHz ,calculate
the effective noise voltage.
UNIT 2
3 a Discuss and Analyze the working principle of diode switching modulator for 10
generating AM signal. Write down the relevant equations, waveforms and spectrum
for modulated, carrier and sideband components.

b A Composite wave obtained by adding a non-coherent carrier AcCos(2πfct+Ф)to a 10

DSBSC wave m(t)AcCos(2πfct).The composite wave is then applied to an envelop
detector. Evaluate the detector output for (i)Ф=0, (ii)Ф ≠0 and |m(t)|<<Ac/2.

UNIT 3
4 a Derive the representation for a SSB signal by applying concept of Hilbert transform, 10
pre envelope and complex envelope. Implement the equation using block diagram
concept by phase discrimination method.
b Justify that VSB signal plus carrier can be demodulated using an envelope detector 10
 OR
5 a Consider a two stage SSB modulator with message 0.3KHz to 3.4KHz and the two 10
carrier frequencies are fc1=50KHz and fc2=450KHz.Evaluate the following a)
Spectrum of the signal at two stage b) filter specifications

b Apply the Hilbert transform for the following function 10

i) cos2πfct
ii) sin2πfct
iii) ∂(t)

UNIT 4
6 a An angle modulated signal is described by 8
6
S(t)=5cos[2π(10 )t+3Sin(2000)πt].Determine the following (i) power in the
modulated signal (ii) modulation index (iii) frequency deviation (iv) Approximate
transmission bandwidth.
b Analyze the working of PLL as an FM demodulator with relevant block diagram and 12
expressions.

UNIT 5
7 a State and prove sampling theorem for low pass signals. Define aliasing effect with 10
the measures undertaken to prevent it.
b Determine the Nyquist rate of the following signals 10
(i) x(t)=sinc(200t) (ii) x(t)=sinc2(200t) (iii) x(t)=sinc(200t)+ sinc2(200t)

*******
 U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)

July / August 2017 Supplementary Semester Examinations

Course: Communication Theory -1 Duration: 3 hrs

Course Code: 16EC5DCCT1 Max Marks: 100

Date: 02.08.2017
Instructions:

UNIT 1
1 a List the properties of auto correlation function 3
b A random variable ‘X’ has the density function 7
fx(x)= 2≤ x ≤6
0, Elsewhere

Find the moments (i) mo

(ii)m1
(iii)m2
and (iv)µ2
c The random process x(t)=AI Cos (2π fc t+ ) where is the random variable, that is 10
uniformly distributed over the interval (-π, Determine
(i) The auto correlation function x(t)
(ii) Power spectral density of x(t)
(iii)Average power of x(t)

OR
2 a Derive an expression for noise figure of a two-port network connected in cascade. 8
b Explain Noise equivalent bandwidth 6
c From the block diagram given below Fig Q2(c), Find 6
(i) Noise figure
(ii) Equivalent Noise: temperature
 UNIT 2
3 a Generate amplitude modulated signal using square low modulator 10
b Consider the wave obtained by adding a non-coherent carrier Ac Cos(2 fct + ) to a 10
DSBSC wave m(t) Cos2 fct. This wave is applied to an ideal envelope detector.
Find the resulting detector output. Evaluate this output for:
(i) =0
(ii) ≠0 and

UNIT 3
4 a Find Hilbert transform of (i) (t) 5

And (ii)

b Generate SSB signal using phase discriminator method 7

c Derive an expression for figure of merit of SSB system 8
OR
5 a Formulate the expression for VSB signal. 8
b Describe the concept of frequency translation 6
c Explain FDM with a suitable block diagram to develop a scheme of communicating 6
three subscribers Sa1,Sa2, & Sa3, at station A and Sb1,Sb2, & Sb3, at station B.
UNIT 4
6 a Generate NBFM signal using a suitable block digram. 7
b An angle modulated signal is modulated by 5
S(t) =10Cos(2 x106t+0.2sin2000 t) volts.
Find the following:
(i) The power in the modulated signal
(ii) The frequency deviation f
(iii)The approximate transmission bandwidth
c Describe the detection of FM signal using PLL. 8
UNIT 5
7 a The signal g(t)=10cos(20 t) cos (200 t) is sampled at the rate of 250 samples per 6
second.
(i) Determine the spectrum of the resulting sampled signal.
(ii) Specify the cut-off frequency of the ideal reconstruction filter so as to
recover g(t) from its sampled version.
(iii)What is Nyquist rate for g(t)?
b State and prove sampling of band pass signal 8
c Write the block diagram of TDM scheme and explain. 6
*******
 U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)

January 2017 Semester End Make Up Examinations

Course: Communication Theory -1 Duration: 3 hrs

Course Code: 16EC5DCCT1 Max Marks: 100

Date: 11.01.2017
Instructions:

UNIT 1
1 a Determine and Plot the convolution of the functions x1(t) and x2(t) shown in figure 10
below:
X2(t)
X1(t)

A
1

0 4 t -1 0 1 t

b Does noise degrade the performance of Communication System if so; discuss the 10
design measures to be taken to reduce its effects?
OR
-3t
2 a A signal e u (t) is passed through an ideal LPF with cut-off frequency of 1rad/s. 10
Validate if the input is an energy signal. Calculate the input and output energy.
b Determine the power spectrum of the processes x (t) =Ac Cos (ω0t+θ); θ is uniformly 10
distributed over (-π, +π).
UNIT 2
3 a If two message signals of bandwidth ‘ω’Hz each are to be transmitted 10
simultaneously on the channel using a carrier frequency that occupies a bandwidth
of ‘ω’Hz, discuss a system that enables you to transmit and recovery back the
message at the receiver.
b Show with relevant circuit diagram and mathematical analysis the output signal 6
from a non-linear device is an Amplitude Modulated Wave.
c An AM system, employing an envelope detector in the receiver, is operating at 4
threshold, determine the increase in transmitting power (in dB) needed if an (S/N)D
of 40 dB is desired. Assume m=1 and tone modulation.
 UNIT 3
4 a Critically compare the filtering and phasing method of SSB-SC signal generation. 10
b Consider a modulated wave S(t)=AcCosωct+Acm(t)Cosωct- Acmq(t)Sinωct. 10
Determine the condition for which an ideal envelop detector with S(t) as input will
provide a good approximate of message signal m(t).
OR
5 a Apply Hilbert Transform to derive the expression for USSB-SC signal. Explain its 10
generation with suitable block diagram and signal representation.
b Derive the expression for the (S/N)D for SSB-SC system. 10
UNIT 4
6 a In a wideband FM generator using the indirect method, the narrowband FM signal 10
initially generated has a carrier frequency of 200kHz and a frequency deviation of
49Hz.Choose appropriate valves for the local oscillator frequency for the mixer and
frequency multiplication required before and after the mixer if the WBFM signal is
to have a carrier frequency of 91.2MHz and the standard frequency deviation of
75kHz.
NBFM Mixer
WBFM
Frequency BPF Frequency
Multiplier X64 Multiplier X24

LO: f0=9MHz

b Derive the expression for time domain representation of a frequency modulated 10

signal and also show how you would use it for obtaining a phase modulated signal.
UNIT 5
7 a The signal x(t)=10cos150 πt is ideally sampled at a frequency fs =200samples per 10
second. Sketch the spectrum of xδ(t).If the signal is now sampled at 100sps analyse
and Comment on the spectrum of xδ(t). If now x(t)=100cos2150 πt determine the
minimum sampling frequency required to recover x(t) without distortion.
b Discuss a TDM system and also explain the effect of cross talk in these systems? 10
*******
 U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU

January 2018 Semester End Make Up Examinations

Course: Communication Theory-1 Duration: 3 hrs

Course Code: 16EC5DCCT1 Max Marks: 100
Date: 08.01.2018

Instructions: Answer five full questions choosing one from each unit

UNIT 1
1 a With illustration discuss the various properties of PDF. 10

b A tuned RLC circuit resonates at 100MHz by a capacitor of 20pF.The Q factor of 10

the circuit is 40 and the temperature is 17 degree with bandwidth 10 KHz ,calculate
the effective noise voltage.
UNIT 2
2 a Discuss and Analyze the working principle of diode square law modulator for 10
generating AM signal. Write down the relevant equations, waveforms and
spectrum for modulated, carrier and sideband components.
b A Carrier of 5v rms with frequency of 1MHz and modulating signal of 2v rms 10
with frequency of 1 KHz are applied to a circuit whose characteristics is
I=5+V+0.05V2.Compute the modulation index and frequencies of total output.
OR
3 a Analyze a diode detector for demodulating a modulated signal with carrier and two 10
side bands and design it for a carrier frequency of 100 KHz and message frequency
of 4 KHz and |m(t)| « Amplitude of the carrier
b Analyze the working of a diode circuit for generating a modulated wave with only 10
two sidebands. Draw the spectrum and provide design specification of band pass
filter to extract desired wave.
UNIT 3
4 a Suggest a suitable amplitude modulation technique to transmit a message signal 10
which contains significant components at extremely low frequencies such as
television signals and provide specification of filter transfer function H(f) of a
sideband shaping filter to extract the desired modulated wave considering coherent
detector output.
b Consider a two stage SSB modulator with message 0.3KHz to 3.4KHz and the two 10
carrier frequencies are 𝑓𝑐 =50KHz and 𝑓𝑐 =450KHz.Evaluate the following a)
Spectrum of the signal at two stage b) filter specifications.
 UNIT 4
5 a An angle modulated signal is described by S(t)=5cos[2(106 )t+3sin(2000) t]. 10
Find the following (i) power in the modulated signal (ii) frequency deviation(iii)
Phase deviation (iv)approximate transmission bandwidth.
b By deriving the necessary expression, show that a narrow band angle modulated 10
signal and an AM signal have similar forms. Draw the phasor diagrams for both the
cases.
OR
6 a Analyze the working of PLL as an FM demodulator with relevant block diagram and 10
expressions.
b Show that the bandwidth of WBFM is infinity and specify the amplitude of carrier 10
and sidebands.
UNIT 5
7 a State and prove sampling theorem for low pass signals. Define aliasing effect with 10
the measures undertaken to prevent it.
b Given signal x(t)=10cos(2000 πt )cos (10000 πt ) is sampled at its Nyquist rate, 10
i.)Draw the spectrum of signal and its sampled version. ii.) State and comment on
the frequency components that appear at the output of a reconstruction filter
*******