2nd Lecture, Questions, Biochemistry II Al-Manara College

Dep. Of Pharmacy
By AB. M. R.
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2021-2022
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1. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first step d. Fructose into phosphoenolpyruvate
of glycolysis? 11. Glycolytic pathway regulation involves _.
a. Hexokinase a. allosteric stimulation by ADP
b. Pyruvate kinase b. allosteric inhibition by ATP
c. Glucokinase c. feedback, or product, inhibition by ATP
d. Phosphofructokinase-1 d. all of the above
2. What is the general term used for the anaerobic 12. During catabolism, only about 40% of the energy
degradation of glucose to obtain energy? available from oxidizing glucose is used to synthesize
a. Anabolism ATP. Remaining 60% _.
b. Oxidation a. is lost as heat
c. Fermentation b. is used to reduce NADP
d. Metabolism c. remains in the products of metabolism
3. Whenever the cell’s ATP supply is depleted, which of d. is stored as fat.
the following enzyme’s activity is increased? 13. Why does the glycolytic pathway continue in the di-
a. Hexokinase rection of glucose catabolism?
b. Pyruvate kinase a. There are essentially three irreversible reactions
c. Glucokinase that act as the driving force for the pathway
d. Phosphofructokinase-1 b. High levels of ATP keep the pathway going in a
4. Clavage of Fructose 1,6-biophosphate yields _. forward direction
a. Two aldoses c. The enzymes of glycolysis only function in one di-
b. Two ketoses rection
c. An aldose and a ketose d. Glycolysis occurs in either direction
d. Only a ketose 14. The released energy obtained by oxidation of glucose
5. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is rapidly and reversi- is stored as _.
bly converted to _. a. a concentration gradient across a membrane
a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. ADP
b. 1,3-bis-phosphoglycerate c. ATP
c. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate d. NAD+
d. Fructose 6-phosphate 15. A kinase is an enzyme that _.
6. What is the first step in the payoff phase of glycoly- a. removes phosphate groups of substrates
sis? b. uses ATP to add a phosphate group to the sub-
a. Reduction of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate to glycer- strate
aldehyde 3-phosphate c. uses NADH to change the oxidation state of the
b. Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3- substrate
bisphosphoglycerate d. removes water from a double bond
c. Reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phos- 16. For every one molecule of sugar glucose which is ox-
phate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate idized _ molecule of pyruvic acid are produced.
d. Irreversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phos- a. 1
phate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. 2
7. Which substrate is used in the last step of glycolysis? c. 3
a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate d. 4
b. Pyruvate 17. In the glycogen synthase reaction, the precursor to
c. Phosphoenolpyruvate glycogen is _.
d. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate a. glucose-6-P
8. High concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is inhib- b. UTP-glucose
itory to _. c. UDP-glucose
a. Hexokinase d. glucose-1-P
b. Pyruvate kinase 18. The active form of glycogen phosphorylase is phos-
c. Glucokinase phorylated, while the dephosphorylation of which
d. Phosphofructokinase-1 active form occurs?
9. The product formed in the first substrate level phos- a. Glycogen synthase
phorylation in glycolysis is _. b. Glycogen semisynthase
a. Pyruvate c. Glycogen hydrolase
b. 3-phosphoglycerate d. Glycogen dehydrogenase
c. 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate 19. The amount of energy received from one ATP is _.
d. 2-phosphoglycerate a. 76 kcal
10. Glycolysis converts _. b. 7.3 kcal
a. Glucose into pyruvate c. 760 kcal
b. Glucose into phosphoenolpyruvate d. 1000 kcal
c. Fructose into pyruvate
20. The enzymes of glycolysis in a eukaryotic cell are lo- c. the muscles by hydrolysis
cated in the _. d. both (a) and (b)
a. intermembrane space 31. Glycogen has _.
b. plasma membrane a. α-1,4 linkage
c. cytosol b. α-1,6 linkages
d. mitochondrial matrix c. α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages
21. When concentration of the reactants is higher than d. α-1,4 and β-1,6 linkage
the equilibrium concentration then _. 32. Which is true as to how carbohydrate is stored in the
a. the gibbs free energy will be positive human body?
b. the gibbs free energy will be negative a. Most of it is stored in the muscles.
c. more products will be formed b. Most of it is circulating in the blood as plasma glu-
d. both (b) and (c) cose.
22. Which of the following is not true of glycolysis? c. Most of it is stored in the liver.
a. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate level d. Glycogen concentration in muscle is about 2 times
phosphorylation greater than in liver.
b. The pathway does not require oxygen 33. Muscle cannot release its stored glycogen into the
c. The pathway oxidizes two moles of NADH to circulation to maintain blood glucose levels because
NAD+ for each mole of glucose that enters it lacks the enzyme:
d. The pathway requires two moles of ATP to get
a. glucose-6-phosphatase.
started catabolizing each mole of glucose b. phosphofructokinase.
23. In glycolysis, ATP is formed by the transfer of a high- c. glycogen phosphorylase.
energy phosphate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to d. phosphoglucomutase.
ADR No such high-energy phosphate donor has ever 34. In the glycolytic pathway, the breakdown of one
been isolated in mitochondria because _. molecule of glycogen to pyruvic acid results in a net
a. the techniques for isolating the phosphate donor gain of _ ATP.
are not refined enough a. 2.
b. no such phosphate donor exists b. 3.
c. the high-energy phosphate donor is very short-lived c. 6.
and difficult to isolate d. 14.
d. None of the above 35. Before the pyruvate that has been generated by gly-
24. ATP is from which general category of molecules?
colysis can be oxidized, it must be transported into a
a. Polysaccharides
mitochondrion. This is accomplished by:
b. Proteins
a. Succinyl-CoA.
c. Nucleotides
b. Lactic dehydrogenase.
d. Amino acids
c. Nicotine adenide dinucleotide.
25. The glycolytic pathway (glucose → 2 pyruvate) is
d. Coenzyme A.
found _.
36. Through glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and the redox
a. in all living organisms
reactions in the Electron Transport Chain, the total
b. primarily in animals excluding particles
energy yield from the oxidation of 1 molecule of glu-
c. only in eukaryotes
d. only in yeast cose would be ____ molecules of ATP.
26. Phosphofructokinase, the major flux-controlling en-
a. 12
b. 24
zyme of glycolysis is allosterically inhibited and acti-
c. 36
vated respectively by _.
d. more than 100
a. ATP and PEP
37. Which of the following is most important for regulat-
b. AMP and Pi
ing blood glucose concentration during endurance
c. ATP and ADP
d. Citrate and ATP exercise?
27. Which of the following regulates glycolysis steps?
a. Caffeine
a. Phosphofructokinase b. Cortisol
b. Hexose kinase c. Glucagon
c. Pyruvate kinase d. Cytochrome oxidase
d. All of these 38. Which of the following adaptations would be least
28. During glycolysis, the major energy generating step likely to occur in muscle as a result of 6 months of
involves _. heavy resistance training?
a. pyruvate kinase a. An increase in muscle glycogen concentration
b. phosphoglycerate kinase b. An increase in total creatine phosphate content
c. glyceraldehyde-3 -dehydrogenase c. An increase in the proportion of type 2A fibres
d. Phosphofructokinase d. An increase in mitochondrial volume density
29. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate _. 39. Which of the following can be expected to occur as a
a. activates fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase result of several months of high-intensity sprint in-
b. activates phosphofructokinase terval training?
c. inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase a. An increase in muscle glycogen concentration
d. both (b) and (c) b. An increase in glycolytic enzyme activity
30. Glucose from the breakdown of glycogen is obtained c. An increase in oxidative enzyme activity
in _. d. All of the above
a. the liver by phosphorolysis 40. what is glycolysis?
b. the muscles by phosphorolysis a. Utilization of glucose
b. synthesis of glucose
 c. synthesis of glycogen a. Glucokinase
d. breakdown of glycogen b. Phosphofructokinase
41. Where does glycolysis occur? c. Pyruvate kinase
a. Cytosol d. None of the above
b. Mitochondria matrix 54. Which of the following is not an important precursor
c. Nucleus of glucose in animals?
d. Ribosomes a. Lactate
42. Which of the following is the first enzyme of glycoly- b. Pyruvate
sis? c. Glycerol
a. Pyruvate dehydrogenase d. Glucose 6-phosphate
b. Phosphofructokinase 55. Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate
c. Hexokinase to oxaloacetate?
d. None of the above a. Pyruvate carboxylase
43. which enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate? b. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
a. Pyruvate kinase c. Pyruvate kinase
b. Pyruvate dehydrogenase d. Phosphofructokinase-1
c. Pyruvate carboxylase 56. he numbers of ATP molecules produced by substrate
d. Enolase level phosphorylation by each turn of the citric acid
44. which hormone stimulates glycolysis? cycle is _.
a. Insulin a. Zero
b. Glucagon b. 1
c. Growth hormone c. 3
d. All of the above d. 10
45. Which hormone inhibits glycolysis? 57. Which one is not an enzyme in glycogenesis?
a. Insulin a. Glycogen synthetase
b. Glucagon b. Phosphoglucomutase
c. Growth hormone c. Hexokinase
d. All of the above d. Glucose-1-P-undylyltransferase
46. Glycolysis is also known as? 58. The number of ATP molecules that are consumed in
a. Kreb’s cycle glycolysis of one mole of glucose, is _.
b. Respiratory cycle a. Zero
c. Embden Meyerhof pathway b. 2
d. HMP-shunt8 c. 3
47. Which process shares the same pathway as glycolysis d. 4
but in opposite direction? 59. Which of the following enzyme statement is not true
a. Glycogenesis regarding fatty acid synthase?
b. Gluconeogenesis a. Fatty acid synthase is a multifunctional enzyme
c. Glycogenolysis b. Fatty acid synthase is active as a dimer
d. HMP-shunt c. Fatty acid synthase is activated by high-calorie food
48. Which of the following statement is NOT true? d. Fatty acid synthase complex is inhibited by its phos-
a. It occurs in cytosol of the cell phorylation
b. It also helps in fructose metabolism 60. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex requires the fol-
c. Glycolysis generates ATP lowing vitamin coenzyme _.
d. Glycolysis generates CO2 a. Vitamin B1
49. Where do glycolysis leads to lactate production? b. Vitamin B12
a. Liver c. Vitamin B1
b. erythrocytes d. Vitamin D
c. Cornea 61. The most important control element In the mamma-
d. medulla lian glycolytic pathway is _.
50. Which enzyme is inhibited by iodoacetate and arse- a. Phosphofructokinase
nate? b. Enolase
a. Hexokinase c. Hexokinase
b. Glucokinase d. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
c. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 62. _ does NOT contain a high-energy bond.
d. Both A and B a. AMP
51. Which of the following enzymes participate in 1st b. 1,3- Diphosphoglycerate
phase of glycolysis? c. Creatine phosphate
a. Hexokinase d. Phosphoenolpyruvate
b. Phospho-glucose isomerase 63. The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl
c. Aldolase CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex occurs in
d. All of the above the _.
52. Hexokinase is _ a dependent enzyme. Fill in the a. Mitochondria
blank. b. Cytosol
a. Zinc c. Nucleus
b. Magnesium d. Pyruvate does not undergo oxidative decarboxyla-
c. sodium-dependent tion by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
d. Iron 64. The following statements about muscle phosphofruc-
53. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the reversi- tokinase reduced activity are true, except _.
ble reaction of glycolysis?
 a. Patients have low exercise capacity
b. High-fat diets improve the patients' muscular activ-
ity
c. High-carbohydrate diets reduce the exercise capac-
ity of patients
d. None of the other alternatives is true
65. The net gain of ATP molecules in the glycolysis of one
mole of glucose in erythrocytes, is _.
a. Zero.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.
66. Which one of protein transporter are have 2 direc-
tion?
a. GLUT-2
b. GLUT-4
c. SGLT-1
d. SGLT-2
67. _ It is the process of losing an electron.
a. Oxidation.
b. Reduction.
c. All of the above.
d. None of the above.
68. _ The step-in glycolysis pathway, the net energy in-
vested and harvested equals zero.
a. Step 3: Phosphofructokinase
b. Step 5: Triosephosphate isomerase
c. Step 7: Phosphoglycerate Kinase
d. Step 9: Enolase
e. Step 10: Pyruvate Kinase
69. SGLT 1 is a transporter found in _.
a. Heart.
b. Intestine.
c. Kidney.
d. Liver.
70. SGLT 2 is a transporter found in _.
a. Heart.
b. Intestine.
c. Kidney.
d. Liver.
Answer:
1. a 8. a 15. b 22. c 29. d 36. c 43. b 50. c 57. b 64. c
2. c 9. b 16. b 23. b 30. d 37. c 44. a 51. d 58. b 65. b
3. d 10. a 17. c 24. c 31. c 38. d 45. b 52. b 59. d 66. a
4. c 11. d 18. a 25. a 32. a 39. d 46. c 53. d 60. c 67. a
5. a 12. a 19. b 26. c 33. a 40. a 47. b 54. d 61. a 68. c
6. b 13. a 20. c 27. d 34. b 41. a 48. d 55. a 62. a 69. b
7. c 14. c 21. d 28. c 35. d 42. c 49. b 56. c 63. a 70. c