‭EXPERIMENT 1‬

‭LCD Interfacing with 8051 – Working‬

‭LCD DISPLAY‬
‭16×2 LCD Pin Diagram‬

‭Pin Description‬

‭LCD COMMANDS‬

‭Interfacing LCD with Microcontroller –‬

‭CIRCUIT DIAGRAM‬

‭LCD DISPLAY‬
‭D‬

‭LCD‬
‭ e‬ ‭always‬ ‭use‬ ‭devices‬ ‭made‬ ‭up‬ ‭of‬ ‭Liquid‬
W
‭Crystal‬ ‭Displays‬ ‭(LCDs)‬ ‭like‬ ‭computers,‬

‭Interfacing‬ ‭digital‬ ‭watches,‬ ‭and‬ ‭also‬ ‭DVD‬ ‭and‬ ‭CD‬

‭players.‬ ‭They‬ ‭have‬ ‭become‬ ‭very‬ ‭common‬
‭and‬ ‭have‬ ‭taken‬ ‭a‬ ‭giant‬ ‭leap‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭screen‬
‭industry‬ ‭by‬ ‭clearly‬ ‭replacing‬ ‭the‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬
‭with 8051‬ ‭Cathode‬ ‭Ray‬ ‭Tubes‬ ‭(CRT).‬‭CRT‬‭draws‬‭more‬
‭power‬ ‭than‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭also‬ ‭bigger‬ ‭and‬
‭heavier.‬ ‭All‬ ‭of‬ ‭us‬‭have‬‭seen‬‭an‬‭LCD,‬‭but‬‭no‬

‭Microcontroller‬ ‭one‬ ‭knows‬ ‭the‬ ‭exact‬ ‭working‬ ‭of‬ ‭it.‬ ‭Let‬ ‭us‬
‭take a look at the working of an LCD.‬

‭ ere‬ ‭we‬ ‭are‬ ‭using‬ ‭alphanumeric‬‭LCD‬‭16×2‬‭.‬

H
‭A‬ ‭16×2‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭display‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭very‬‭basic‬‭module‬
‭Table of Contents‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭very‬ ‭commonly‬ ‭used‬ ‭in‬ ‭various‬
‭devices‬ ‭and‬ ‭circuits.‬ ‭These‬ ‭modules‬ ‭are‬
‭LCD DISPLAY‬ ‭preferred‬ ‭over‬ ‭seven‬ ‭segments‬ ‭and‬ ‭other‬
‭16×2 LCD Pin Diagram‬ ‭multi-segment LEDs.‬

‭Pin Description‬

‭LCD COMMANDS‬ ‭ he‬ ‭reasons‬ ‭are:‬ ‭LCDs‬ ‭are‬ ‭economical;‬

T
‭easily‬ ‭programmable;‬ ‭have‬‭no‬‭limitation‬‭of‬
‭Interfacing LCD with Microcontroller –‬
‭displaying‬ ‭special‬ ‭&‬ ‭even‬ ‭custom‬
‭CIRCUIT DIAGRAM‬ ‭characters‬ ‭(unlike‬ ‭in‬ ‭seven‬ ‭segments),‬
‭LCD Interfacing with 8051‬ ‭animations, and so on.‬

‭Microcontroller – Programming‬
‭Send Data‬ ‭ ‬ ‭16×2‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭means‬ ‭it‬ ‭can‬ ‭display‬ ‭16‬
A
‭characters‬ ‭per‬ ‭line‬ ‭and‬ ‭there‬ ‭are‬ ‭2‬ ‭such‬
‭Send String‬
‭lines.‬ ‭In‬ ‭this‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭each‬ ‭character‬ ‭is‬
‭Send Command‬
‭displayed‬‭in‬‭a‬‭5×7‬‭pixel‬‭matrix.‬‭This‬‭LCD‬‭has‬
‭LCD Initializing‬ ‭two‬‭registers,‬‭namely,‬‭Command‬‭and‬‭Data.‬
‭LCD Interfacing with 8051 – FULL‬ ‭The‬‭command‬‭register‬‭stores‬‭the‬‭command‬
‭CODE‬ ‭instructions‬ ‭given‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD.‬ ‭A‬ ‭command‬
‭is‬ ‭an‬ ‭instruction‬ ‭given‬ ‭to‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭to‬ ‭do‬ ‭a‬
‭ redefined‬ ‭task‬ ‭like‬ ‭initializing‬ ‭it,‬ ‭clearing‬
p
‭its‬ ‭screen,‬ ‭setting‬ ‭the‬ ‭cursor‬ ‭position,‬
‭controlling‬ ‭the‬ ‭display,‬ ‭etc.‬ ‭The‬ ‭data‬ ‭ ontrast adjustment;‬
C
‭3‬ ‭V‭E‬ E‬
‭register‬ ‭stores‬ ‭the‬ ‭data‬‭to‬‭be‬‭displayed‬‭on‬ ‭through a variable resistor‬
‭the‬‭LCD.‬‭The‬‭data‬‭is‬‭the‬‭ASCII‬‭value‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭character to be displayed on the LCD.‬

‭16×2 LCD Pin Diagram‬

‭Selects command register‬ ‭Regis‬
‭4‬ ‭when low; and data register‬ ‭ter‬
‭when high‬ ‭Select‬

‭Low to write to the register;‬

‭ ead‬
R
‭5‬ ‭High to read from the‬
‭/write‬
‭register‬

‭Pin Description‬

‭ ends data to data pins‬

S
‭Enabl‬
‭6‬ ‭when a high-to-low pulse is‬
‭e‬
‭ i‬
P ‭given‬
‭n‬ ‭Function‬ ‭Name‬
‭N‬
‭o‬

‭7‬ ‭DB0‬

‭Groun‬
‭1‬ ‭Ground (0V)‬
‭d‬

‭8‬ ‭DB1‬
‭8-bit data pins‬

‭Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V –‬

‭2‬ ‭Vcc‬
‭5.3V)‬
‭9‬ ‭DB2‬
 ‭ he‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭display‬ ‭module‬ ‭requires‬ ‭3‬ ‭control‬
T
‭lines‬‭as‬‭well‬‭as‬‭either‬‭4‬‭or‬‭8‬‭I/O‬‭lines‬‭for‬‭the‬
1‭ ‬ ‭data‬ ‭bus.‬ ‭The‬ ‭user‬ ‭may‬ ‭select‬‭whether‬‭the‬
‭DB3‬
‭0‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭is‬ ‭to‬ ‭operate‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭4-bit‬‭data‬‭bus‬‭or‬
‭an‬ ‭8-bit‬ ‭data‬ ‭bus.‬ ‭If‬ ‭a‬ ‭4-bit‬ ‭data‬ ‭bus‬ ‭is‬
‭used‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭will‬ ‭require‬ ‭a‬ ‭total‬ ‭of‬‭7‬‭data‬
‭lines‬ ‭(3‬ ‭control‬ ‭lines‬‭plus‬‭the‬‭4‬‭lines‬‭for‬‭the‬
‭data‬ ‭bus).‬ ‭If‬ ‭an‬ ‭8-bit‬ ‭data‬ ‭bus‬‭is‬‭used‬‭the‬
‭LCD‬ ‭will‬ ‭require‬ ‭a‬ ‭total‬ ‭of‬ ‭11‬ ‭data‬ ‭lines‬ ‭(3‬
1‭ ‬
‭DB4‬ ‭control‬ ‭lines‬ ‭plus‬ ‭the‬ ‭8‬ ‭lines‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭data‬
‭1‬
‭bus).‬

‭ he‬‭three‬‭control‬‭lines‬‭are‬‭referred‬‭to‬‭as‬‭EN,‬
T
‭RS, and RW.‬

1‭ ‬
‭DB5‬
‭2‬ ‭ he‬ ‭EN‬ ‭line‬ ‭is‬ ‭called‬ ‭“Enable.”‬ ‭This‬ ‭control‬
T
‭line‬ ‭is‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭tell‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭that‬ ‭you‬ ‭are‬
‭sending‬ ‭it‬ ‭data.‬ ‭To‬ ‭send‬ ‭data‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD,‬
‭your‬ ‭program‬ ‭should‬ ‭make‬ ‭sure‬ ‭this‬‭line‬‭is‬
‭low‬ ‭(0)‬ ‭and‬ ‭then‬ ‭set‬ ‭the‬ ‭other‬ ‭two‬ ‭control‬
‭lines‬ ‭and/or‬ ‭put‬ ‭data‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭data‬ ‭bus.‬
1‭ ‬
‭DB6‬ ‭When‬ ‭the‬ ‭other‬ ‭lines‬‭are‬‭completely‬‭ready,‬
‭3‬
‭bring‬‭EN‬‭high‬‭(1)‬‭and‬‭wait‬‭for‬‭the‬‭minimum‬
‭amount‬ ‭of‬ ‭time‬ ‭required‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD‬
‭datasheet‬ ‭(this‬ ‭varies‬ ‭from‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭to‬ ‭LCD),‬
‭and end by bringing it low (0) again.‬

‭1‬
‭DB7‬ ‭ he‬ ‭RS‬ ‭line‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭“Register‬ ‭Select”‬ ‭line.‬
T
‭‬
4
‭When‬‭RS‬‭is‬‭low‬‭(0),‬‭the‬‭data‬‭is‬‭to‬‭be‬‭treated‬
‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭command‬ ‭or‬ ‭special‬ ‭instruction‬‭(such‬
‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭clear‬ ‭screen,‬ ‭position‬ ‭cursor,‬ ‭etc.).‬
‭When‬ ‭RS‬ ‭is‬ ‭high‬ ‭(1),‬‭the‬‭data‬‭being‬‭sent‬‭is‬
‭text‬‭data‬‭which‬‭should‬‭be‬‭displayed‬‭on‬‭the‬
1‭ ‬ ‭screen.‬‭For‬‭example,‬‭to‬‭display‬‭the‬‭letter‬‭“T”‬
‭Backlight V‬‭CC‬ ‭(5V)‬ ‭Led+‬
‭5‬ ‭on the screen you would set RS high.‬

‭ he‬‭RW‬‭line‬‭is‬‭the‬‭“Read/Write”‬‭control‬‭line.‬
T
‭When‬‭RW‬‭is‬‭low‬‭(0),‬‭the‬‭information‬‭on‬‭the‬
‭data‬‭bus‬‭is‬‭written‬‭to‬‭the‬‭LCD.‬‭When‬‭RW‬‭is‬
1‭ ‬ ‭high‬‭(1),‬‭the‬‭program‬‭is‬‭effectively‬‭querying‬
‭Backlight Ground (0V)‬ ‭Led-‬
‭6‬ ‭(or‬ ‭reading)‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD.‬ ‭Only‬ ‭one‬ ‭instruction‬
‭(“Get‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭status”)‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭read‬ ‭command.‬ ‭All‬
‭others‬ ‭are‬ ‭write‬ ‭commands–so‬ ‭RW‬ ‭will‬
‭almost always be LOW.‬
‭ inally,‬‭the‬‭data‬‭bus‬‭consists‬‭of‬‭4‬‭or‬‭8‬‭lines‬
F
‭(depending‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭mode‬ ‭of‬ ‭operation‬
‭selected‬‭by‬‭the‬‭user).‬‭In‬‭the‬‭case‬‭of‬‭an‬‭8-bit‬
‭data‬ ‭bus,‬ ‭the‬ ‭lines‬ ‭are‬ ‭referred‬ ‭to‬ ‭as‬‭DB0,‬
‭DB1, DB2, DB3, DB4, DB5, DB6, and DB7.‬

‭LCD COMMANDS‬

‭RS is connected to Port 0.0 (P0.0)‬

‭RW is connected to Port 0.1 (P0.1)‬

‭EN is connected to Port 0.2 (P0.2)‬

‭Data lines are connected to Port 2 (P2)‬

‭LCD‬ ‭Interfacing‬ ‭with‬

‭Now let’s move to the program.‬
‭8051‬ ‭Microcontroller‬
‭Interfacing‬ ‭LCD‬ ‭with‬ ‭– Programming‬
‭Microcontroller‬ ‭–‬
‭Send Data‬
‭CIRCUIT DIAGRAM‬
‭ o‬ ‭send‬ ‭data‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD,‬ ‭data‬ ‭is‬ ‭first‬
T
‭written‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭data‬ ‭pins‬ ‭with‬ ‭R/W‬ ‭=‬ ‭0‬ ‭(to‬
‭specify‬ ‭the‬ ‭write‬ ‭operation)‬ ‭and‬‭RS‬‭=‬‭1‬‭(to‬
‭select‬‭the‬‭data‬‭register).‬‭A‬‭high‬‭to‬‭low‬‭pulse‬
‭is‬ ‭given‬ ‭at‬ ‭EN‬ ‭pin‬ ‭when‬ ‭data‬ ‭is‬‭sent.‬‭Each‬
‭write‬‭operation‬‭is‬‭performed‬‭on‬‭the‬‭positive‬
‭edge of the Enable signal.‬

‭void‬‭dat‬‭(‬‭unsigned‬‭char‬‭b)‬
‭{‬
‭Send Command‬

‭lcd_data=b;‬
‭ o‬ ‭send‬ ‭a‬ ‭command‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭LCD,‬ ‭a‬
T
‭particular‬‭command‬‭is‬‭first‬‭specified‬‭to‬‭the‬
‭rs=1;‬ ‭data‬‭pins‬‭with‬‭R/W‬‭=‬‭0‬‭(to‬‭specify‬‭the‬‭write‬
‭operation)‬ ‭and‬ ‭RS‬ ‭=‬ ‭0‬ ‭(to‬ ‭select‬ ‭the‬
‭command‬ ‭register).‬ ‭A‬ ‭high‬ ‭to‬ ‭low‬ ‭pulse‬ ‭is‬
‭r w=0;‬ ‭given at the EN pin when data is sent.‬

‭en=1;‬ ‭void‬‭cmd‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭a)‬

‭lcd_delay‬‭();‬ ‭{‬

‭en=0;‬ ‭lcd_data=a;‬

‭}‬ ‭rs=0;‬

‭r w=0;‬
‭Send String‬

‭en=1;‬
‭ e‬ ‭cannot‬ ‭send‬ ‭more‬ ‭than‬ ‭8‬ ‭bits‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬
W
‭same‬ ‭time.‬ ‭Because‬ ‭data‬ ‭lines‬ ‭are‬ ‭only‬
‭having‬ ‭8‬ ‭bits.‬ ‭So‬ ‭how‬ ‭we‬ ‭can‬ ‭send‬‭string?‬ ‭lcd_delay‬‭();‬
‭Any‬ ‭guess?‬‭Yeah,‬‭you‬‭are‬‭correct.‬‭We‬‭have‬
‭to‬ ‭send‬ ‭the‬ ‭string‬ ‭by‬ ‭character.‬ ‭See‬ ‭this‬
‭code.‬ ‭en=0;‬

‭void‬‭show‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭*s)‬ ‭}‬

‭{‬
‭LCD Initializing‬

‭while‬‭(*s) {‬
‭ o‬ ‭initialize‬‭the‬‭LCD‬‭we‬‭have‬‭to‬‭use‬‭certain‬
T
‭commands.‬
‭dat‬‭(*s++);‬

‭void‬‭lcd_init‬‭()‬

‭}‬

‭{‬

‭}‬

‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x38‬‭);‬
 ‭cmd‬‭(‭0
‬ x0e‬‭);‬ ‭void‬‭lcd_delay‬‭();‬

‭cmd‬‭(‭0
‬ x01‬‭);‬ ‭void‬‭lcd_init‬‭()‬

‭cmd‬‭(‭0
‬ x06‬‭);‬ ‭{‬

‭cmd‬‭(‭0
‬ x0c‬‭);‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x38‬‭);‬

‭cmd‬‭(‭0
‬ x80‬‭);‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x0e‬‭);‬

‭}‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x01‬‭);‬

‭Now see the full code below.‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x06‬‭);‬

‭LCD‬ ‭Interfacing‬ ‭with‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x0c‬‭);‬

‭8051 – FULL CODE‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x80‬‭);‬

‭}‬

‭#include <reg51.h>‬

‭void‬‭cmd‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭a)‬

‭#define lcd_data P2‬

‭{‬

‭sbit rs=P0^0;‬

‭lcd_data=a;‬

‭sbit rw=P0^1;‬

‭rs=0;‬

‭sbit en=P0^2;‬

‭r w=0;‬

‭void‬‭lcd_init‬‭();‬

‭en=1;‬

‭void‬‭cmd‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭a);‬

‭lcd_delay‬‭();‬

‭void‬‭dat‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭b);‬

‭en=0;‬

‭void‬‭show‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭*s);‬
‭}‬ ‭unsigned‬‭int‬‭lcd_delay;‬

‭void‬‭dat‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭b)‬ ‭for‬‭(lcd_delay=0;lcd_delay<=6000;lcd_delay++);‬

‭{‬ ‭}‬

‭lcd_data=b;‬ ‭int‬‭main‬‭()‬

‭rs=1;‬ ‭{‬

‭r w=0;‬ ‭unsigned‬‭int‬‭j;‬

‭en=1;‬ ‭lcd_init‬‭();‬

‭lcd_delay‬‭();‬ ‭while‬‭(1) {‬

‭en=0;‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x80‬‭);‬

‭}‬ ‭show‬‭(‬‭" Welcome To "‬‭);‬

‭void‬‭show‬‭(‭u
‬ nsigned‬‭char‬‭*s)‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0xc0‬‭);‬

‭{‬ ‭show‬‭(‬‭" EMBETRONICX.COM"‬‭);‬

‭while‬‭(*s) {‬ ‭for‬‭( j=0; j<30000; j++);‬

‭dat‬‭(*s++);‬ ‭cmd‬‭(‬‭0x01‬‭);‬

‭}‬ ‭for‬‭( j=0; j<30000; j++);‬

‭}‬ ‭}‬

‭void‬‭lcd_delay‬‭()‬ ‭}‬

‭{‬
‭LCD Interfacing with‬
‭8051 – Working‬