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Share 1 Set Theory - Tutorial 1

This document is a tutorial for a Discrete Mathematics course focusing on Set Theory. It includes various exercises related to set membership, set builder notation, cardinality, Venn diagrams, power sets, and survey data analysis. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of set operations and relationships through practical problems.

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17 views2 pages

Share 1 Set Theory - Tutorial 1

This document is a tutorial for a Discrete Mathematics course focusing on Set Theory. It includes various exercises related to set membership, set builder notation, cardinality, Venn diagrams, power sets, and survey data analysis. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of set operations and relationships through practical problems.

Uploaded by

nandanipanseriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Engineering & Technology, CVM University

A.Y.2024-25: EVEN SEMESTER


202040405: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
Tutorial 1: Set Theory

1. List the members of these sets.


( a ) {𝑥 | 𝑥 is a real number such that 𝑥 2 = 1 }
( b ) {𝑥 | 𝑥 is a positive integer less than 12 }
( c ) {𝑥 | 𝑥 is the square of an integer and 𝑥 < 100 }
(d ) {𝑥 | 𝑥 is an integer such that 𝑥 2 = 2 }

2. Use set builder notation to give a description of each of these sets.


(𝑎) {0, 3, 6, 9,12} (𝑏) {−3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3}

3. For each of the following sets, determine whether 2 is an element of that set.
( 𝑎 ) {𝑥 ∈ 𝑹 | 𝑥 is an integer greater than 1 }
( 𝑏 ) {𝑥 ∈ 𝑹 | 𝑥 is the square of an integer }
(𝑐) {2, {2}} (𝑑) {{2}, {{2}}} (𝑒) {{2}, {2, {2}}} (𝑓) {{{2}}}
Also check whether {2} is an element of which of the above sets.
4. Determine whether each of these statements is true or false.
(𝑎) 0 ∈ 𝜑 (𝑏) 𝜑 ⊂ {0} (𝑐) {𝜑} ⊆ {𝜑} (𝑑) {0} ∈ {0}
(𝑒) 𝜑 ∈ {𝜑} (𝑓) {𝜑} ∈ {{𝜑}} (𝑔) {{𝜑}} ⊂ {𝜑, {𝜑}}

5. Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the following relationships:


(𝑎) 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶 (𝑏) 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐶 (𝑐) 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐶.

6. Find two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 such that 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 and 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵.

7. What is the cardinality of each of these sets?


(𝑎) 𝜑 (𝑏) {𝜑} (𝑐) {{𝑎}} (𝑑) {𝜑, {𝜑}} (𝑒) {𝜑, {𝜑}, {𝜑, {𝜑}}}.

8. a) Find the power set of {𝜑, {𝜑}}.


b) Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {y, z}.
Find i) A × B ii) B × A

9. How many elements does each of these sets have where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are distinct elements?
(𝑎) 𝑃({𝑎, 𝑏, {𝑎, 𝑏}}) (𝑏) 𝑃 ({𝜑, 𝑎, {𝑎}, {{𝑎}}}) (𝑐) 𝑃(𝑃(𝜑)).

10. Determine whether each of these sets is the power set of a set, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are distinct
elements.
(𝑎) 𝜑 (𝑏) {𝜑, {𝑎}} (𝑐) {𝜑, {𝑎}, {𝜑, {𝑎}, {𝜑, 𝑎}}} (𝑑) {𝜑, {𝑎}, {𝑏}, {𝑎, 𝑏}}
11. (i) Find 𝐴2 if a) A = {0, 1, 3}, b) A = {1, 2, a, b}.
(ii) Find A3 if a) A = {a}, b) A = {0, a}.

12. How many different elements does A × B have if A has m elements and B has n elements?

13. Draw the Venn diagrams for each of these combinations:


(𝑎) 𝐴̅⋂𝐵̅ ⋂𝐶̅ (𝑏) (𝐴 − 𝐵)⋃(𝐴 − 𝐶)⋃(𝐵 − 𝐶) (𝑐) (𝐴⋂𝐵̅ )⋃(𝐴⋂𝐶̅ )
(𝑑) (𝐴⋂𝐵)⋃(𝐶⋂𝐷) (𝑒) 𝐴 − (𝐵⋂𝐶⋂𝐷)
Use separate sheet of paper to answer this question.

14. In a recent survey, people were asked if they took a vacation in the summer, winter or
spring in the last year. The results were: 73 took a vacation in the summer, 51 took a
vacation in the winter, 27 took a vacation in the spring, and 2 had taken no vacation. Also,
10 had taken vacations at all three times, 33 had taken both a summer and a winter
vacation, 18 had taken only a winter vacation and 5 had taken both a summer and a spring
but not a winter vacation.
( a ) How many people had been surveyed?
( b ) How many people had taken vacations at exactly two times of the year?
( c ) How many people had taken vacations during at most one time of the year?
( d ) What percentage had taken vacations during both summer and winter but not spring?
𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝒂) 𝟏𝟎𝟓 (𝒃) 𝟐𝟖 (𝒄) 𝟔𝟕 (𝒅) 𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟎𝟒𝟖 %

15. Find the sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 if 𝐴 − 𝐵 = {1, 5, 7, 8}, 𝐵 − 𝐴 = {2, 10}, and 𝐴⋂𝐵 = {3, 6, 9}.

16. What can you say about the sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 if we know that
(𝑎) 𝐴⋃𝐵 = 𝐴 (𝑏) 𝐴⋂𝐵 = 𝐴 (𝑐) 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴
(𝑑) 𝐴⋂𝐵 = 𝐵⋂𝐴 (𝑒) 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐵 − 𝐴

17. Show that if 𝐴 is a subset of a universal set 𝑈, then


(𝑎) 𝐴 ⊕ 𝐴 = 𝜑 (𝑏) 𝐴 ⊕ 𝜑 = 𝐴 (𝑐) 𝐴 ⊕ 𝑈 = 𝐴̅ (𝑑) 𝐴 ⊕ 𝐴̅ = 𝑈.

18. If 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are sets such that 𝐴 ⊕ 𝐶 = 𝐵 ⊕ 𝐶, can we conclude that 𝐴 = 𝐵?

19. Suppose that the universal set is 𝑈 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. Express the sets
(𝑎) {3, 4, 5} (𝑏) {1, 3, 6, 10} (𝑐) {2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9}
with bit strings where the 𝑖th bit in the string is 1 if 𝑖 is in the set and 0 otherwise.
Also, find the set specified by each of the bit strings
(𝑎) 11 1100 1111 (𝑏) 01 0111 1000 (𝑐) 10 0000 0001

20. What subsets of a finite universal set do these bit strings represent?
( a ) the string with all zeros ( b ) the string with all ones

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