Unit 1: Introduction Concepts (12 Hours)

Introduction and Web Development Strategies

• Web Development Strategies: Involves planning, designing, developing, and maintaining websites. Key
strategies include understanding user needs, choosing the right technology stack, and ensuring scalable and
secure web applications.

History of Web and Internet

• Early Beginnings: The internet originated from ARPANET in the late 1960s. The World Wide Web was
invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, revolutionizing how information is shared and accessed.

• Evolution: The web has evolved through different phases, from static HTML pages to dynamic web
applications and the modern web 3.0, which includes AI and machine learning integrations.

Protocols Governing Web

• HTTP/HTTPS: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Secure) is the foundation of data communication on the web.
HTTPS adds a layer of security by encrypting data.

• FTP: File Transfer Protocol is used for transferring files between a client and server.

• SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for sending emails.

Introduction to Client-Server Computing

• Client-Server Architecture: Involves a client requesting resources or services and a server providing them.
This model is fundamental to web applications, where the browser acts as a client and the web server
responds to requests.

Web Applications

• Definition: Web applications are software applications that run on a web server and are accessed through a
web browser. They can range from simple static websites to complex, interactive applications like e-
commerce platforms.

• Technologies: Common technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, server-side languages (like PHP, Python,
Node.js), and databases (like MySQL, MongoDB).

Web Project

• Planning and Execution: A web project involves requirements gathering, design, development, testing, and
deployment. Effective project management ensures timely delivery and quality.

• Tools: Various tools are used in web development, including version control (Git), integrated development
environments (IDEs), and collaboration tools (Jira, Trello).

Web Team

• Roles and Responsibilities: A typical web team includes web designers, developers, project managers,
content creators, and quality assurance testers. Each member plays a critical role in the successful delivery of
a web project.

Unit 2: Web Page Designing (08 Hours)

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

• List: HTML provides different types of lists, including ordered lists (<ol>), unordered lists (<ul>), and definition
lists (<dl>).

• Table: Used to display tabular data. Tables are created using the <table> tag and include <tr> for rows, <th>
for headers, and <td> for data cells.
 • Images: The <img> tag is used to embed images in a web page, with attributes like src (source) and alt
(alternative text).

• Frames: Deprecated in HTML5, frames were used to divide a web page into multiple sections. <iframe> is
now used to embed another document within a page.

• Forms: Forms collect user input and are created using the <form> tag. Common elements include <input>,
<select>, <textarea>, and <button>.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

• Definition and Purpose: CSS is used to style HTML elements, controlling layout, colors, fonts, and more. It
separates content from presentation.

• Selectors: CSS selectors target HTML elements to apply styles. Common selectors include element selectors
(p), class selectors (.class-name), and ID selectors (#id-name).

Document Type Definition (DTD)

• Purpose: Defines the structure and allowed elements and attributes of an XML document, ensuring it follows
specific rules and standards.

Object Models

• DOM (Document Object Model): Represents the structure of an HTML or XML document as a tree of
objects. It allows scripting languages like JavaScript to manipulate the content, structure, and style of a
document.

• SAX (Simple API for XML): An event-driven model used to parse XML documents. SAX is memory-efficient
and processes documents sequentially.

Presenting and Using XML

• XML (eXtensible Markup Language): Used to store and transport data. XML is both human-readable and
machine-readable.

• XML Processors: Tools like DOM and SAX are used to parse and manipulate XML data.

Dynamic HTML (DHTML)

• Definition: Combines HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create interactive and dynamic web pages. DHTML allows
content to change without reloading the entire page.

Unit 3: JavaScript (10 Hours)

Introduction

• Purpose: JavaScript is a scripting language used to create dynamic and interactive web content. It is an
essential part of web development, enabling client-side behavior and enhancing user experiences.

Documents

• DOM Manipulation: JavaScript interacts with the DOM to dynamically update content, structure, and style.
Common methods include getElementById, querySelector, and createElement.

Forms

• Form Handling: JavaScript validates user input, handles form submissions, and provides instant feedback.
Events like onsubmit and onchange are used for form-related interactions.

Statements
 • Control Structures: JavaScript includes control structures like if, else, switch, for, while, and do...while to
control the flow of execution.

Functions

• Definition and Usage: Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They are defined
using the function keyword and can be called with arguments to execute their code.

Objects

• Object-Oriented Programming: JavaScript supports object-oriented programming, allowing developers to

Introduction to AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

• Purpose: AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with a server in the
background. This enables dynamic content updates without reloading the entire page.

• Techniques: Commonly uses the XMLHttpRequest object or the fetch API to communicate with the server.

VBScript

• Introduction: VBScript (Visual Basic Scripting Edition) is a scripting language developed by Microsoft. It is
primarily used for client-side scripting in Internet Explorer and for server-side scripting in ASP (Active Server
Pages).

Unit 4: Server-Side Programming (10 Hours)

Introduction to Active Server Pages (ASP)

• What is ASP?: Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scripting language developed by Microsoft. It allows
developers to create dynamic web pages that interact with databases and offer personalized content to
users.

• How ASP Works: ASP scripts are executed on the server, and the resulting HTML is sent to the client's
browser. This process allows for interactive, data-driven websites.

• Components of ASP: ASP includes server-side scripts written in VBScript or JavaScript, and it can interact
with various databases like SQL Server and Access to generate dynamic content.

Introduction to Java Server Pages (JSP)

• What is JSP?: Java Server Pages (JSP) is a server-side technology developed by Sun Microsystems, now
owned by Oracle. It allows developers to create dynamic web pages using Java.

• How JSP Works: JSP files are compiled into Java Servlets by the server, which then handle the request and
generate dynamic content. The output is sent to the client's browser as HTML.

• Advantages of JSP: JSP integrates well with Java-based web applications, providing platform independence
and access to powerful Java APIs.

JSP Application Design

• Structure: A typical JSP application consists of JSP files, JavaBeans, Servlets, and configuration files. The JSP
files handle the presentation logic, while JavaBeans and Servlets handle the business logic.

• Model-View-Controller (MVC) Pattern: JSP often follows the MVC pattern, where:

o Model: Represents the data and business logic.

o View: Represents the presentation layer (JSP files).

JSP Objects

• Implicit Objects: JSP provides several implicit objects that developers can use directly without explicit
declaration:

o request: Represents the client's request.

o response: Represents the server's response.

o out: Used to send output to the client.

o session: Represents the client's session.

o application: Represents the servlet context.

o config: Represents the servlet configuration.

o pageContext: Provides access to various namespaces.

o page: Represents the current JSP page.

o exception: Represents exceptions thrown by the JSP page.

Conditional Processing in JSP

• if Statements: JSP supports conditional logic using standard Java if statements within scriptlets.

• JSTL (JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library): Provides custom tags for conditional processing, such as <c:if>
and <c:choose> for implementing conditional logic without scriptlets.

Declaring Variables and Methods in JSP

• Scriptlets: JSP allows embedding Java code within HTML using scriptlets (<% %>). Variables and methods can
be declared within these scriptlets.

• Declaration Tags: Variables and methods can also be declared using declaration tags (<%! %>). This code is
included in the generated servlet class.

• Example:

jsp

<%!

private int counter = 0;

public void incrementCounter() {

counter++;

%>

Sharing Data Between JSP Pages

• Session Scope: Data can be shared between JSP pages using the session object. Attributes set in one JSP page
can be accessed in another page within the same session.

• Application Scope: Data can be shared across the entire web application using the application object.

• Request Scope: Data can be shared between pages using the request object, which is accessible during a
single HTTP request.
• Page Scope: Data is limited to the current JSP page using the page object.