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Arduino simplifies programming microcontrollers, enabling the creation of interactive objects by using sensors and actuators. It provides minimal background on programming and electronics, focusing on practical project implementation. Various components like potentiometers, pushbuttons, and sensors are introduced to facilitate project development.

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10 views3 pages

Boook

Arduino simplifies programming microcontrollers, enabling the creation of interactive objects by using sensors and actuators. It provides minimal background on programming and electronics, focusing on practical project implementation. Various components like potentiometers, pushbuttons, and sensors are introduced to facilitate project development.

Uploaded by

soumya.s.roy05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WELCOME TO

ARDUINO!
ARDUINO MAKES IT AS EASY AS POSSIBLE
TO PROGRAM TINY COMPUTERS CALLED
MICROCONTROLLERS, WHICH ARE WHAT MAKE
OBJECTS INTERACTIVE

You are surrounded by dozens of them every day: they are embedded in timers,
thermostats, toys, remote controls, microwave ovens, even some toothbrushes.
They just do one specific task, and if you hardly notice them – which is often the
case – it’s because they are doing it well. They have been programmed to sense
and control activity using sensors and actuators.

Sensors listen to the physical world. They convert energy that you give off when
you press buttons, or wave your arms, or shout, into electrical signals. Buttons
and knobs are sensors that you touch with your fingers, but there are many other
kinds of sensors.
Actuators take action in the physical world. They convert electrical energy back
into physical energy, like light and heat and movement.
Microcontrollers listen to sensors and talk to actuators. They decide what to
do based on a program that you write.
Microcontrollers and the electronics you attach to them are just the skeleton of
your projects, though. You’ll need to bring skills you probably already have to put
some flesh on the bones.
For example, in one of the projects we suggest, you’ll make an arrow and attach it
to a motor, and put them both in a box with a knob, so you can make a meter to
tell people whether you’re busy or not. In another, you’ll put some lights and a tilt
switch on a cardboard frame to make an hourglass.
Arduino can make your projects responsive, but only you can make them
beautiful. We’ll provide some suggestions along the way as to how you might
do that.

Arduino was designed to help you get things done. To make that happen, we kept
the background material on programming and electronics to a minimum. If you
decide you want to know more about these aspects, there are lots of good guides
available. We’ll provide a couple of references, and you can find more online at:
arduino.cc/starterkit
8 Introduction
Welcome to Arduino!

Male header pins - These pins fit into female


sockets, like those on a breadboard. They help
make connecting things much easier.

Potentiometer - A variable resistor with three


pins. Two of the pins are connected to the ends
of a fixed resistor. The middle pin, or wiper,
moves across the resistor, dividing it into two
halves. When the external sides of the poten-
tiometer are connected to voltage and ground,
Optocoupler - This allows you to connect two the middle leg will give the difference in voltage
circuits that do not share a common power as you turn the knob. Often referred to as a pot.
supply. Internally there is a small LED that,
when illuminated, causes a photoreceptor in-
side to close an internal switch. When you ap-
ply voltage to the + pin, the LED lights and the
internal switch closes. The two outputs replace
a switch in the second circuit.

Pushbuttons - Momentary switches that close


a circuit when pressed. They snap into bread-
boards easily. These are good for detecting on/
off signals.

Piezo - An electrical component that can be


used to detect vibrations and create noises.

Resistors - Resist the flow of electrical energy


in a circuit, changing the voltage and current
as a result. Resistor values are measured in
Photoresistor - (also called a photocell, or light-
ohms (represented by the Greek omega char-
dependent resistor). A variable resistor that
acter: Ω). The colored stripes on the sides of
changes its resistance based on the amount of
resistors indicate their value (see resistor color
light that falls on its face.
code table).
9

ling high current/high voltage components like


motors. One pin connects to ground, another
to the component being controlled, and the
third connects to the Arduino. When the com-
ponent receives voltage on the pin connected
to an Arduino, it closes the circuit between the
ground and the other component.
Servo motor - A type of geared motor that
can only rotate 180 degrees. It is controlled by
sending electrical pulses from your Arduino.
These pulses tell the motor what position it
should move to.

Temperature sensor - Changes its voltage out- USB Cable - This allows you to connect your
put depending on the temperature of the com- Arduino Uno to your personal computer for
ponent. The outside legs connect to power and programming. It also provides power to the Ar-
ground. The voltage on the center pin changes duino for most of the projects in the kit.
as it gets warmer or cooler.

Tilt sensor - A type of switch that will open or


close depending on its orientation. Typically
they are hollow cylinders with a metal ball in-
side that will make a connection across two
leads when tilted in the proper direction.

Transistor - A three legged device that can op-


erate as an electronic switch. Useful for control-

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