Assessment in Learning 2
Assessment in Learning 2
PURPOSE
TARGETS
A. Learning Target
A clear description of what students know and able to do.
It is an outcome that the teacher wants her students to attain or acquire from her teaching.
This involves knowledge, reasoning skills, products and effect.
It needs to be stated in behavioral terms or term which denotes something which can be
observed through the behavior of the students.
Five categories of learning target according to Stiggins and Conklin(1992)
1. Knowledge learning target ( Facts and Concepts)
2. Reasoning learning target ( Ability of students to use their knowledge)
3. Skill learning target ( Ability of student to create achievement-related skills
4. Product learning target ( Ability of the students to demonstrate achievement-related
products
5. Affective learning targets ( Attainment of affective traits such as attitudes, values, interests
and self-efficacy)
METHODS
5 Categories of Assessment Methods
1. Written-Response Instruments
2. Product Rating Scales
3. Performance Tests
4. Oral Questioning
5. Observation and Self-Reports
1. Written Response Instruments
➢Objective tests are appropriate for assessing the
various levels of the hierarchy of educational objectives.
➢Multiple choice tests are constructed to test higher
order thinking skills.
➢Essays can test the student’s grasp of the higher-level
cognitive skills particularly in the areas of application
analysis, synthesis, and judgment.
2. Product Rating Scales
➢Products that are frequently rated in education are
book reports, maps, charts, diagrams, notebooks,
essays and creative endeavors of all sorts.
➢ To develop a product rating scale for the various
products in education, the teacher must possess
prototype products over his/her years of experience.
3. Performance tests
➢It determines whether or not an individual behaves in a certain (usually desired) way
when asked to.
➢Checklist is the most frequently used measurement instrument.
It consists of a list of behaviors that comprise a certain performance type.
4. Oral Questioning
➢“The Epitome of a teacher, was said to have handled his classes solely based on
questioning and oral instructions” --- Socrates
➢It is an appropriate assessment method when the objectives are:
✓To assess the student’s stock knowledge
✓To determine the student’s ability to apply or analyze knowledge
5. Observation and Self Reports
➢A tally sheet is a device often used by teachers to record the frequency of student’s
behaviors, activities, or remarks.
➢A self-checklist is a list of several characteristics or activities presented to the subjects
of a study.
It is often employed by teachers when they want to diagnose or appraise the
performance of students from the point of view of self-assess ➢Observation and Self Reports
are useful supplementary assessment methods when used in