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Prolog - Operators

The document provides an overview of operators in Prolog, specifically focusing on comparison and arithmetic operators. It details the syntax and functionality of various operators, highlighting their differences from those in other high-level programming languages. Practical examples are included to demonstrate the usage of these operators in Prolog code.

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alfrednjeru477
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3 views

Prolog - Operators

The document provides an overview of operators in Prolog, specifically focusing on comparison and arithmetic operators. It details the syntax and functionality of various operators, highlighting their differences from those in other high-level programming languages. Practical examples are included to demonstrate the usage of these operators in Prolog code.

Uploaded by

alfrednjeru477
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2/22/23, 4:34 PM Prolog - Operators

Prolog - Operators

In the following sections, we will see what are the different types of operators in Prolog. Types of the
comparison operators and Arithmetic operators.

We will also see how these are different from any other high level language operators, how they are
syntactically different, and how they are different in their work. Also we will see some practical
demonstration to understand the usage of different operators.

Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two equations or states. Following are different
comparison operators −

Operator Meaning

X>Y X is greater than Y

X<Y X is less than Y

X >= Y X is greater than or equal to Y

X =< Y X is less than or equal to Y

X =:= Y the X and Y values are equal

X =\= Y the X and Y values are not equal

You can see that the ‘=<’ operator, ‘=:=’ operator and ‘=\=’ operators are syntactically different from
other languages. Let us see some practical demonstration to this.

Example
| ?- 1+2=:=2+1.

yes
| ?- 1+2=2+1.

no
| ?- 1+A=B+2.

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2/22/23, 4:34 PM Prolog - Operators

A = 2
B = 1

yes
| ?- 5<10.

yes
| ?- 5>10.

no
| ?- 10=\=100.

yes

Here we can see 1+2=:=2+1 is returning true, but 1+2=2+1 is returning false. This is because, in the
first case it is checking whether the value of 1 + 2 is same as 2 + 1 or not, and the other one is
checking whether two patterns ‘1+2’ and ‘2+1’ are same or not. As they are not same, it returns no
(false). In the case of 1+A=B+2, A and B are two variables, and they are automatically assigned to
some values that will match the pattern.

Arithmetic Operators in Prolog


Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations. There are few different types of
arithmetic operators as follows −

Operator Meaning

+ Addition

- Subtraction

* Multiplication

/ Division

** Power

// Integer Division

mod Modulus

Let us see one practical code to understand the usage of these operators.

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2/22/23, 4:34 PM Prolog - Operators

Program
calc :- X is 100 + 200,write('100 + 200 is '),write(X),nl,
Y is 400 - 150,write('400 - 150 is '),write(Y),nl,
Z is 10 * 300,write('10 * 300 is '),write(Z),nl,
A is 100 / 30,write('100 / 30 is '),write(A),nl,
B is 100 // 30,write('100 // 30 is '),write(B),nl,
C is 100 ** 2,write('100 ** 2 is '),write(C),nl,
D is 100 mod 30,write('100 mod 30 is '),write(D),nl.

Note − The nl is used to create new line.

Output
| ?- change_directory('D:/TP Prolog/Sample_Codes').

yes
| ?- [op_arith].
compiling D:/TP Prolog/Sample_Codes/op_arith.pl for byte code...
D:/TP Prolog/Sample_Codes/op_arith.pl compiled, 6 lines read - 2390 bytes written, 11 ms

yes
| ?- calc.
100 + 200 is 300
400 - 150 is 250
10 * 300 is 3000
100 / 30 is 3.3333333333333335
100 // 30 is 3
100 ** 2 is 10000.0
100 mod 30 is 10

yes
| ?-

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