LESSON 3.

3
Motion in 2-3 Dimensions:
Projectile Motion
Prepared by:
Engr. Kristhel V. Breis
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Projectile Motion is the
motion of an object or
projectile travelling into
the air.
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
The object thrown will follow a
parabolic path called trajectory.
Air resistance is negligible and
the only other force that object
experiences is the force of
gravity.
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
A projectile can then be defined as
an object whose motion, in the
absence of air resistance, consists of
horizontal motion with constant
velocity and vertical motion with
constant acceleration.
Projectiles Launched at an Angle

Consider a cannonball fired at an angle.

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Projectiles Launched at an Angle

It goes up at a certain height, then goes down.

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Projectiles Launched at an Angle

After this point, it accelerates vertically due to gravity.

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 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Components:
𝑓𝑡Τ
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚Τ𝑠 ; 𝑠)

𝜃 − 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 ° 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑔

𝒗𝒐𝒙 = 𝒗 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Horizontal Motion Horizontal Motion
𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
𝑣𝑜
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑅=
𝑔
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 + 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡
2𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑡 𝑡=
𝑎𝑥 = 0 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑔
Horizontal component – constant velocity (𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 )
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Vertical Motion
Vertical Motion
𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2
𝑣𝑜 sin2 𝜃
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑔𝑡
2 2
𝐻=
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 + 2𝑔(𝑦 − 𝑦𝑜 ) 2𝑔
1 2
𝑦 = 𝑦𝑜 + (𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
2
𝑡=
𝑦= 𝑣𝑜𝑦 + 𝑣𝑦 𝑡 𝑔
2
Vertical component – constant acceleration, 𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝒈 = −𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
Remember
A projectile’s trajectory consists
of both horizontal and vertical
motions with constant velocity
and constant acceleration,
respectively. Keep in mind that
these two components are
independent of each other.
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 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Sample Problem #1
A stone is thrown into the air at a 15 𝑚/𝑠 at an
angle of 30°.
a. What is the maximum height reached of the
stone?
b. What is the time taken by the stone in the
whole travel?
c. What is the range reached by the stone?
d. What is the stone’s position after 1 second?
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Given:
𝑣𝑜 = 15𝑚/𝑠 𝜃 = 30° 𝑥𝑜 = 0 𝑚 𝑦𝑜 = 0 𝑚
Find:
a. 𝐻 =?
b. 𝑡 =?
c. 𝑅 =?
d. 𝑥 = ? 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = ? 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1 𝑠
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Solution:
𝑣𝑜 = 15𝑚/𝑠 For a.) H=?
𝜃 = 30°
Horizontal motion:
𝒗𝒐 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽 (𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐
𝑹= 𝑯=
𝒈 𝟐𝒈
Vertical motion:
(𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐
𝑯= 𝑚
𝟐𝒈 2
(𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 [ 15 𝑠 sin 30 ]
𝟐𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒕= 𝐻= = 2
= 𝟐. 𝟖𝟕 𝒎
𝒈 2𝑔 2(9.81 𝑚/𝑠 )
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Solution:
𝑣𝑜 = 15𝑚/𝑠 For b.) t=?
𝜃 = 30°
Horizontal motion:
𝒗𝒐 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽 𝟐𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝑹=
𝒈 𝒕=
Vertical motion: 𝒈
(𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐
𝑯=
𝟐𝒈
𝑚
𝒕=
𝟐𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
2𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2 15 𝑠 sin(30)
𝒈 𝑡= = 2
= 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝒔
𝑔 9.81 𝑚/𝑠
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Solution:
𝑣𝑜 = 15𝑚/𝑠 For c.) R=?
𝜃 = 30°
Horizontal motion: 𝒗𝒐 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽
𝒗𝒐 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽 𝑹=
𝑹= 𝒈
𝒈
Vertical motion:
𝑣𝑜 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 (15 𝑚/𝑠)2𝑠𝑖𝑛(2 ∙ 30)
(𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐 𝑅= = = 19.87 𝑚
𝑯= 𝑔 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝟐𝒈
𝟐𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒕=
𝒈 (15 𝑚/𝑠)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(60)
𝑅= 2 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟖𝟕 𝒎
9.81 𝑚/𝑠
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Solution:
𝑣𝑜 = 15𝑚/𝑠
For d.) 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1 𝑠
𝜃 = 30° For horizontal component, x:
Horizontal
motion: 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 + 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡
𝒙 = 𝒙𝒐 + 𝒗𝒐𝒙 𝒕 𝑚
Vertical 𝑥 =0𝑚 + 15 cos 30° 1𝑠
𝑠
motion:
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒐 + (𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝒕 +
𝟏 𝟐
𝟐
𝒈𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝒎
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION
Solution:
𝑣𝑜 = 15𝑚/𝑠
For d.) 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1 𝑠
𝜃 = 30° For vertical component, y:
Horizontal 1 2
motion: 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑜 + (𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡
𝒙 = 𝒙𝒐 + 𝒗𝒐𝒙 𝒕 2
Vertical 𝑚 1 𝑚 2
𝑦 = 0 𝑚 + 15 sin 30 1 𝑠 + −9.81 2 1𝑠
motion: 𝑠 2 𝑠
𝟏 𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒐 + (𝒗𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝒕 +
𝟐
𝒈𝒕
𝒚 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎 𝒎
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION

Independent Practice #1
A ball is projected with initial
velocity of 18 m/s at an angle of
25°. What is the time of flight of
the ball?
 3.3 PROJECTILE MOTION

Independent Practice #2
What is the horizontal
displacement of the object
thrown into the air at a velocity
of 30 m/s with an angle of 28
degree?