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Machine, Assembly, High Level

The document outlines three types of programming languages: Machine Language, Assembly Language, and High-Level Language. Machine Language is the lowest level, directly understood by hardware but difficult to use, while Assembly Language is slightly easier but still hardware-specific. High-Level Language is user-friendly, portable, and abstracted from hardware, making it suitable for general-purpose programming.

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84 views2 pages

Machine, Assembly, High Level

The document outlines three types of programming languages: Machine Language, Assembly Language, and High-Level Language. Machine Language is the lowest level, directly understood by hardware but difficult to use, while Assembly Language is slightly easier but still hardware-specific. High-Level Language is user-friendly, portable, and abstracted from hardware, making it suitable for general-purpose programming.

Uploaded by

iniyavanir.cse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Machine Language

 Definition: The lowest-level programming language, directly understood by the computer's


hardware.
 Representation: Binary (0s and 1s).
 Ease of Use: Extremely difficult to write, read, and debug.
 Execution: Directly executed by the computer's CPU.
 Portability: Specific to the architecture of a particular computer; not portable.
 Example:

Copy code
10110000 01100001

2. Assembly Language

 Definition: A low-level programming language that uses mnemonics (human-readable


symbols) to represent machine instructions.
 Representation: Uses short codes or symbols instead of binary.
 Ease of Use: Easier than machine language but still requires detailed knowledge of
hardware.
 Execution: Needs to be translated into machine language by an assembler.
 Portability: Specific to the architecture of a particular computer; not portable.
 Example:

Copy code
MOV AL, 61h

3. High-Level Language

 Definition: A language that is closer to human languages, designed to be easy to write,


read, and maintain.
 Representation: Uses natural language constructs and abstract syntax.
 Ease of Use: Very user-friendly and does not require detailed knowledge of the
hardware.
 Execution: Needs to be translated into machine language using a compiler or
interpreter.
 Portability: Generally portable across multiple platforms with minimal changes.
 Examples:

python
Copy code
print("Hello, World!")

(This displays "Hello, World!" on the screen.)


Key Differences

Feature Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language


Abstraction
Lowest Low High
Level
Easier than machine Very easy to read and
Readability Hard to read and write
language write
Portability Not portable Not portable Portable across systems
Assembled into machine
Execution Direct execution by CPU Compiled or interpreted
code
Hardware-level System-level Application
Usage
programming programming development
Mnemonic codes (e.g., Syntax like Python, C,
Examples Binary instructions
MOV) Java

 Machine Language: Directly communicates with hardware but is cumbersome to use.


 Assembly Language: Easier than machine language, but still hardware-specific and low-
level.
 High-Level Language: User-friendly, portable, and abstracted from hardware specifics,
ideal for general-purpose programming.

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